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Module 5 A Lesson in a Lab 一积词汇见多识广 课内单词回扣(一)阅读词汇写其义1liquid n 液体 2contract vi. 收缩3substance n. 物质 4oxygen n. 氧气5partial adj. 部分的;局部的 6rust vi. 生锈7steam n. 蒸汽;水汽 8dissolve vi. 溶解;分解;分离9flame n. 火焰 10facility n. (常作复数)设备;工具(二)表达词汇写其形1stage n. 阶段;时期 2boil vt. 煮;煮沸3ordinary adj. 普通的;平常的 4float vi. 漂浮5form vi. 形成 6department n. (大学的)科、系 (三)拓展词汇灵活用*1.expand vi.膨胀;扩展(反义词)contract vi.收缩expansion n膨胀;扩大*2.mixture n混合物mix v(使)混合 3.electricity n电electrical adj.电的;用电的;发电的electric adj.电的;用电的n.供电electronic adj.电子的 4.conclusion n结论conclude vt.得出结论;结束 5.aim n目标;目的aimless adj.无目标的aimlessly adv.漫无目的地*6.react vi.(化学)反应reaction n反应*7.equipment n设备;装备equip vt.装备;配备 8.balance n天平;平衡balanced adj.平衡的 9.lecture n演讲lecturer n演讲者*10.astonished adj.吃惊的;惊愕的astonishing adj.令人吃惊的astonish vt.使吃惊astonishment n惊讶;惊异用上面标注*的单词的正确形式填空1The city has been expanding rapidly, whose expansion has brought damage to the natural surroundings.(expand)2Mix the eggs into the flour. The mixture of flour and eggs is then left in a warm place for four hours.(mix)3I wanted to know how the students reacted to my words as well as your reaction.(react)4The school has been rebuilt and it is well equipped. Much money has been spent on the office equipment.(equip)5To our astonishment,_the famous actress died. Thats to say, we were astonished at the news of her sudden death, and it was really astonishing.(astonish)话题单词积累1laboratory /lbrt()rI/ n 实验室2experiment /IksperImnt/ n. 实验3research /rIst/ n. 研究4paper /peIp/ n. 论文5attempt /tem(p)t/ n& vt. 尝试6determination /dItmIneI()n/ n. 决心7preparation /prepreI()n/ n. 准备8assignment /saInm()nt/ n. 分配;功课9explanation /eksplneI()n/ n. 解释10practice /prktIs/ n. 练习11effect /Ifekt/ n. 影响;效果12reward /rIwd/ vt. 奖励13mark /mk/ n. 分数14degree /dIgri/ n. 学位15scholarship /sklIp/ n. 奖学金16analyze /nlaIz/ vt. 分析17observe /bzv/ v. 观察18measure /me/ v. 测量;估量19concentrate /kns()ntreIt/ v. 全神贯注20explore /Ikspl/ v. 探索21argue /ju/ v. 争论;辩论22debate /dIbeIt/ v. 争论;辩论23strengthen /stre()n/ v. 加强24assess /ses/ vt. 评定;评估25summarize /smraiz/ v. 概括;总结26acquire /kwaI/ vt. 获得27preview /privju/ vt. 预习28review /rIvju/ v. 复习29creative /krieItIv/ adj. 创造性的30worthwhile /wwaIl/ adj. 值得做的 二积短语顿挫抑扬 课内短语回扣(一)根据汉语写出下列短语*1.put_._in_order 把按顺序排列;使有条理 2.at_the_top/bottom 在顶/底部 3.find_out 发现;查清 4.add_._to_. 往加入*5.keep_(.)_out_of 不让进入;避开;远离*6.go_ahead 开始做某事;(口语)请说吧;请用吧 7.used_to 过去(常常) 8.in_the_area_of 在领域*9.be_proud_of 为感到骄傲/自豪*10.be_supposed_to 应当;理应 11.react_with 与起反应 12.keep_down 使(声音等)压低(二)用上面标注*的短语完成下列句子1As parents, we are_supposed_to be strict with our children and observe their behavior closely.2He was as busy as a bee trying to put the books in_order.3We must keep_out_of the war. Peace is what we desire.4The building of the new bridge will go_ahead as planned.5Reflecting on her volunteer experience, Tina was_proud_of what she managed to achieve together with her local colleagues.话题短语积累1take an exam 参加考试2cheat in the exam 考试作弊3get full marks/scores 得满分4make it 获得成功5pay off 取得成功;得到回报6go over 复习7turn in 上交8live up to ones expectations 达到某人的期望9sign up for 报名参加10get together 聚在一起11be/get involved in 参与12make a speech 作报告13skip the class 逃课14drop out of the school 辍学15pass/get through the exam 通过考试16fail the exam 考试不及格17realize ones dream 实现梦想18achieve success 获得成功三积句式写作扮靓 课内句式仿写1“分数ofn.”作主语时,谓语动词的数与of后的名词一致例句 Twothirds of the earths surface is water.仿写 这个国家有三分之一的面积被森林覆盖,并且大多数公民是黑人。Onethird_of_the_country_is_covered_with trees and the majority of the citizens are black people.2it作形式主语,不定式短语作真正的主语例句 It is hard to think of a world without metals.仿写 对于公众来说,要想知道一项新的发明对人们的生活有什么用处并不总是一件容易的事。It_is_not_always_easy_for_the_public_to_see what use a new invention can be of to human life.3here置于句首的完全倒装句例句 Here is a table with the metals that react most at the top, and the metals that react least at the bottom. 仿写 看,你的梦中女孩来了。快请她跳舞吧。Look, here_comes your dream girl. Invite her to dance.4“the比较级 ., the比较级 .”结构例句 The closer you are, the more youll see. 仿写 一个人越博学,他通常就越谦虚。(2015陕西高考单选)The_more_learned a man is, the_more_modest he usually becomes. 话题佳句背诵1It is for these reasons that I firmly believe that this rule will promote the learning atmosphere and our teamwork spirit.正是由于这些原因我坚信这条规则将有利于营造我们的学习氛围并培养我们的团队精神。2Dont be afraid of difficulties. They can help you accumulate experience, and experience can, in turn, broaden your horizons. 不要害怕困难。它们能够帮助你积累经验,经验反过来也能开阔你的视野。3Firstly, as a student, the most important thing is to study, so it is necessary for all of you to build an effective method in your study.首先,作为一名学生,最重要的事情是学习,因此你们所有人都有必要在学习中建立一个有效的方法。4The regulations are strict with the students and they require that students should attend at least 90% of the lectures.规章制度对学生要求非常严格,要求学生参加至少90%的讲座。5I propose that our school should organize this kind of activity more frequently.(2016北京高考书面表达)我建议我们学校应该经常组织这样的活动。四背语段语感流畅 He used not to be interested in chemistry, but he knew that he was supposed to learn it well. After a lesson in a lab, where he observed the reaction of substances, he changed a lot. Besides, the teachers encouragement added to his confidence. The more he learned chemistry, the more interested he was in it. Gradually, his knowledge of chemistry expanded a lot. Then he was astonished to find that he got almost full marks in a chemistry exam. Now his aim is to be a chemist and make a breakthrough in the area of chemistry. His parents are proud of him.他过去对化学不感兴趣,但是他知道他理应学好。上了一节实验课后,他观察了物质的反应,他改变了许多。而且,老师的鼓励增加了他的自信。他越学化学就越感兴趣。渐渐地,他的化学知识增加了许多。然后他惊奇地发现,在一次化学考试中他几乎得了满分。现在他的目标是当一名化学家,并在化学领域有所突破。他的父母为他感到骄傲。 第一板块 重点词汇突破 师生共研词汇1conclusion n结论;结束高考佳句 In conclusion, we are very proud of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world.(2016北京高考书面表达)总之,我们以自己为骄傲,并且坚信我们可以为一个更美好的世界做更多的事。(1)draw/come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion 得出结论bring . to a conclusion 使结束in conclusionto conclude 总之;最后(2)conclude v. 得出结论;总结;结束conclude . with/by . 以结束conclude . from . 从中得出结论conclude that . 结论是From these facts we can draw/come_to/arrive_at/reach_some_conclusions about how the pyramids were built.从这些事实中我们可以得出一些关于金字塔是如何建造的结论。In conclusion, walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable and readily available form of exercise.总之,步行是一种廉价、安全、有趣且易实施的锻炼方式。When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to conclude it with important points.当小组讨论接近尾声时,一定要用几条要点作为结束。2aim n目标;目的(可数名词);瞄准;对准(不可数名词) v瞄准;对准;目的是;旨在;力求达到高考佳句 She started the Ladybug Foundation,an organization aiming at getting rid of homelessness.(2017北京高考)她创办了the Ladybug Foundation,一个旨在帮助无家可归者的组织。(1)take aim at . 向瞄准;对准with the aim of . 以为目标;目的是achieve ones aim 达到某人的目标/目的(2)aim at/be aimed at (doing) sth. 瞄准;对准;旨在(做)某事aim to do sth. 目标/目的是做某事Im aiming to_lose (lose) 4 kilograms before the summer holidays.我的目标是暑假前体重减轻4千克。They will start their project, aiming (aim) at helping the poor children to be educated in the west of China.他们要开始他们的工程,目的是帮助中国西部的贫穷孩子接受教育。She went to London with_the_aim_of finding a job.她去伦敦是为了找工作。3react vi.(化学)反应;(对)作出反应教材原句 Which of the metals in the table reacts the most with oxygen and water?表格中的哪一种金属与氧气和水反应最剧烈?(1)react to 对作出反应react with 与起(化学)反应react against 反对;反抗react on/upon 对有影响(2)reaction n. 反应in reaction to 对的反应Children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes.孩子们通常以违背父母意愿的方式来反抗他们。Unkindness often reacts on/upon the unkind person.恶有恶报。He was surprised that his answer should have caused such a strong reaction (react)他很吃惊自己的回答竟然引起了那么强烈的反应。4balance n天平;平衡v.(使)平衡;权衡 高考佳句 He had the rare balance of fun and compassion (同情)(2017全国卷)他在乐趣和同情之间有难得的平衡。(1)the balance of nature 自然平衡keep/lose/break the balance 保持/失去/打破平衡on balance 总的来说(2)balance .against . 把与进行权衡balance . with . 使与平衡(3)balanced adj. 平衡的;均衡的keep a balanced diet 保持均衡的饮食You have to balance the advantages of living in a big city against the disadvantages. 你必须权衡住在大城市的利与弊。Many people have come to realize that they should keep a balanced (balance) diet.许多人开始认识到他们应该保持均衡的饮食。When he was running after his brother, the boy lost_his_balance and had a bad fall.(2015湖北高考)当这个男孩追赶他哥哥的时候,他失去了平衡,狠狠地摔倒了。词汇过关练.单句语法填空1Aimed (aim) at improving the level of English, English Corner is held once a week.2He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.3He has formed the habit of taking notes while doing some reading.4I listened to his adventure with a mixture (mix) of amusement and disbelief.5A spokesman said the changes were not in reaction to the companys recent losses.6Although astonished (astonish) at what he heard, Peter didnt say anything.7The business has expanded (expand) from having one office to having twelve.8On balance, the company has had a successful year.单句改错1We send notices to visitors, usually in form of an email.form前加the2Our school has been given some new equipments.equipmentsequipment3It was astonished to find his reading ability improved so much.astonishedastonishing4I need some boiling water to wash down medicine after breakfast.boilingboiled5On conclusion, friendship provides a sense of belonging and comfort.OnIn.单句写作(一句多译/补全句子)1为了通过驾照考试,他努力训练。He trained hard with_the_aim_of_passing the driving test.(with the aim of)He trained hard, aiming_at_passing the driving test.(aim at)He trained hard, aiming_to_pass the driving test.(aim to do sth.)2以这种方式处理这种事情既有优势,又有劣势,但总的来说我认为我们应该放弃。There are both advantages and disadvantages in dealing with the matter in such a way, but on_balance I think we should give it up.3最后,所有人员都要求从总经理会议的报告中得出结论。In_conclusion,_all the staff are ordered to draw/come_to/arrive_at/reach_a_conclusion from the speech the president made at the meeting.第二板块 短语、句式突破 1add . to .往加入高考佳句 So why not add more functions to the umbrella?(2014湖南高考满分作文)因此为什么不给伞增加更多的功能呢?(1)add to 增加;增添add up 把加起来add up to 加起来共计/共达add (that) . 补充说(2)addition n. 加;(数)加法;增加;添加in addition 另外in addition to 除之外He added_that the theaters location (位置) was also a reason.(2017全国卷)他补充说剧院的位置也是一个因素。Remember: little steps add_up_to big dreams.记住:点点滴滴可以聚成大的梦想。2used to过去(常常) 教材原句 I never used to enjoy science, but last year I changed schools, and the science teachers at my new school are excellent.过去我从不喜欢理科,但是去年我转学了,我的新学校的理科老师很棒。there used to be . 过去常常有be/get used to (doing) sth. 习惯(做)某事be used to do sth. 被用来做某事He used to_stay (stay) up late, but now he is used to going (go) to bed early.他以前总是熬夜到很晚,但是现在已经习惯早睡了。 The following simple experiment is used to_separate (separate) different liquids. 下面这个简单的实验被用来分离不同的液体。名师指津 used to的否定形式有两种:used not to和didnt use to。3be supposed to应当;理应教材原句 Im going to try to go to either Montreal or Ottawa University, as both are supposed to have good Physics Departments.我要努力考取蒙特利尔大学或渥太华大学,因为这两所大学的物理系都很棒。(1)be supposed to do sth. 应该/理应做某事be supposed to be doing sth. 应该/理应正在做某事be supposed to have done sth.本应该做某事(事实上未做)(2)suppose sb. to be . 认为某人是supposing/suppose (that) . 假如/假定(3)I suppose so. 我认为是这样。I suppose not. (I dont suppose so.) 我认为不是这样。The bus was supposed to arrive half an hour ago.The bus is supposed to have_arrived (arrive) half an hour ago.公交车本来应该在半小时之前到达的。Supposing/Suppose (suppose) that there was an earthquake, what would be the right way to escape?假如发生地震,正确的逃生方法是什么?名师指津 表示“本来应该做某事(但未去做)”的结构还有:should have done sth., ought to have done sth.等。4It_is_hard_to_think_of a world without metals.很难想象一个没有金属的世界。本句属于“It isadj.to do .”句式。其中It是形式主语,不定式短语是真正的主语。Everyone in our society should help those in need, but it_is_more_important_to_be sincere and earnest.(2016江苏高考书面表达)在我们这个社会,每个人都应该帮助那些需要帮助的人,但更重要的是真诚和认真。(1)“It isadj.for sb. to do sth.”该句式中作表语的形容词说明不定式行为的性质和特点,常见的有easy, hard,important, difficult, impossible, necessary等。It is impossible for this country to recover in a short time over this financial crisis.经历了这次经济危机,这个国家短期内恢复正常是不可能的。(2)在“It isadj.of sb. to do sth.”句式中,形容词用于说明不定式逻辑主语的品行、性格、性质等,该句式通常可改为Sb.beadj.to do sth.。能用于该结构的形容词有kind, nice, good, stupid, silly, careful, careless等。It is very nice of you to offer me a seat.You_are_very_nice to offer me a seat.十分感谢你给我让座。(3)it作形式主语,还可以用于以下句型中:(1)It isadj./n.that .(2)It is no good/use doing sth.做某事是没有好处/用的It is true that a smartphone plays an important role in our daily life.(2014重庆高考满分作文)确实,智能手机在我们日常生活中扮演着重要的角色。Its_no_use_arguing with her she wont listen.跟她争论没有用她是不会听的。5The_closer you are, the_more youll see.你离得越近,看到的就越多。the closer . the more .为“the比较级., the比较级.”结构,其具体用法如下:(1)意为“越,就越”,主句、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的,表示一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。(2)从结构上看,第一个“the比较级”是表示条件的状语从句(在表示将来意义时,从句用一般现在时表示将来);第二个“the比较级”是主句。(3)本结构可以用省略形式。The_more you know, the_more you will realize how little you know.知道得越多,就越会体会到自己知道得多么有限。The more positive an article, the_more_likely it was to be shared.(2016全国卷)一篇文章越积极向上,越有可能被分享。The_longer we delay it, the_more_tired we feel.我们拖延得越长,就感觉越累。The_more,_the_better.多多益善。短语、句式过关练.add短语填空1Add_up all the figures and find out what they add_up_to.2We are here to add what we can to life, not to get what we can from it.3The soldiers were extremely tired and the heavy rain added_to their difficulty.4(2014浙江高考书面表达)In_addition_to reading for knowledge, we read for fun and inspiration.5(2016全国卷书面表达)In_addition,_by doing the parttime job I can get some precious experience so that I can better adapt to the development and changes of society.used to单句语法填空1He used to play (play) games on the Internet, but now he is used to reading (read) before sleeping.2I once lived in a house which was used to_keep_ (keep) books and magazines. 3There used to be a big and beautiful garden at the back of their house. .be supposed to单句语法填空1He was supposed to_have_helped (help) us, but he didnt.2Supposing/Suppose (suppose) the plane is delayed, what shall we do?3He is supposed to_be_reading (read) newspapers now.4The message is very important, so it is supposed to_be_sent (send) as soon as possible.“it作形式主语”(单句语法填空/句型转换)1It is impossible for him to sleep on such a small bed.2We all think it was foolish of you to do such a thing.3It is no use trying (try) to solve the problem by force. Peace talks are the only solution.4You are careless to make so many mistakes in the exam.It_is_careless_of_you_to_make so many mistakes in the exam.5He didnt pass the exam and thats a shame.It_is_a_shame_that he didnt pass the exam.补全句子/句型转换1你越接近大自然,就越能欣赏她的美。The_closer you stay to nature, the_more you will appreciate her beauty.2If you practise more, you will become more skillful.The_more you practise, the_more_skillful you will become. 提能一 用课文词汇写高分作文aim, form, used to, be supposed to, keep . out of, be proud of1补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)李华过去常常玩电脑游戏,他的成绩越来越糟。Li Hua used_to play computer games, and his grades were getting worse and worse.老师告诉他应该确立目标,养成好习惯。The teacher told him that he was_supposed_to set an aim and form a good habit.对他来说放弃玩游戏是困难的,但在老师的帮助下,他远离了游戏。To give up playing games was difficult for him, but with the help of his teacher he kept himself out_of them.他感到越学习就越觉得对学习感兴趣。He felt that as he studied more,_he became more interested in study.他的父母为他感到骄傲。His parents are_proud_of him.2升级平淡句(1)用it作形式主语改写句It_was_difficult_for_him_to_give_up_playing_games,_but_with_the_help_of_his_teacher_he_kept_himself_out_of_them.(2)用“the比较级 .,the比较级 .”结构改写句He_felt_that_the_more_he_studied,_the_more_interested_he_became_in_it.3衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇:later, now)Li Hua used to play computer games, and his grades were getting worse and worse. The teacher told him that he was supposed to set an aim and form a good habit. It was difficult for him to give up playing games, but with the help of his teacher he kept himself out of them. Later, he felt that the more he studied, the more interested he became in it. Now his parents are proud of him. 提能二 用课文句型解构高考长难句 本单元突破点时间状语从句宾语从句经典例句比较分析真题尝试翻译课文长难句When we use metals, it is important to know how they react with different substances, for example, water and oxygen.when引导时间状语从句;how引导宾语从句。当污染企业辩解说我们已经在控制碳污染的战斗中失败并且别无选择只好适应它时,这是惯用的为了商业利益而设计好的胡说八道的伎俩。真题长难句When the polluting industries argue that weve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, its a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.(2017江苏高考阅读理解D)在when引导的时间状语从句中含有一个that引导的宾语从句,即“weve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt”,作argue的宾语。 “教学活动”是高中新课程标准24个话题之一“学校生活”中的一个子话题,也是高考热点话题。教学活动即课堂生活,它是属于人类生活实践总体中的一种生活。教师和学生的学校生活大多在一节节课中度过。他们在其中创造和收获,感受成功的喜悦,经受失败的挫折,慢慢积淀着难忘的同学缘和师生情,滋长着对日常生活之外的广袤天地和世道人事的向往,增强着坚持的意志和成长的力量这是课堂生活给予“在其中者”心灵的终身馈赠。纵观历年高考试题,此话题多在阅读理解、完形填空等题型中考查。话题与语篇考题示例 (2014浙江高考)I had worried myself sick over Simons mother coming to see me.I was a new _1_, and I gave an honest account of the students work.

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