高考英语考前语法名词性从句复习课件2.ppt

名词性从句,_,Noun clauses 在句中的作用相当于名词的从句即是名词性从句。 Tracey does whatever her parents ask her to do. The teacher did not accept my excuse that the dog ate my homework.,_ _,知识改变命运，学习成就未来。,概念,名词性从句就是在整个句子中的作用相当于一个名词或名词短语的从句。名词性从句作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。,_,名词性从句的类别及其意义, that引导的从句：表一种事实或观点。 (表示感叹时用how+形容词/副词或what引导),名词性从句,whether或if引导的从句：表示一般疑问；, 特殊疑问词引导的从句：表示特殊疑问 (who, whom, whose; what; which; when, where, why, how; how many, how much, how often),具体对象,a. wh-引导：表特指的人、物、事、时间、 地点、原因、方式等。,b. wh-ever引导：表泛指的人、物、事、 时间、地点、原因、方式等。,(that 引导的名词性从句),_,_,_,_,_ _,_,_,表示一种事实或一个观点,正因为that引导的从句在句中起名词作用时表示事实或观点， 故直接引语表示事实或观点时转化为间接引语时必须用that引导(that紧接在动词后面时常省略)(注意从句的时态和人称等的变化哦)：,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,高考题中部分that引导的主语从句 It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey. (1992) That you dont like him is none of my business. (1992),_,此句型中能用哪些动词？,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,当然是那些能描述事实或观点的词语。,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,此句型中能用哪些形容词？,当然是那些能描述事实或观点的词语。,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,此句型中能用哪些名词短语？,当然是那些能描述事实或观点的词语。,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,此句型中能用哪些不及物动词？,当然是那些能描述事实或观点的词语。,_,_,_,_,_,_,_ _,_,此句型中能用哪些词语？,当然是那些能描述事实或观点的词语。,_,Fortune often rewards those that have patience.只要有耐心，总会走好运。,_,_,_,_,_,_ _,哪些词语后面可以接that宾语从句？,凡是词法或词义上能接事实或观点的词语！,哪些主语后面可以接that引导的表语从句？,一切本身表示事实或观点的主语(the fact / possibility, My hope /suggestion / belief, etc.)！,reason做主语时，表语从句由that引导，不用because。,高考题中部分that引导的宾语从句 Having checked the doors were closed , and that all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. (2007 湖南卷),_,_,_,哪些名词后面可以接that引导的同位语从句？,这取决于that引导的同位语从句本身的意义 表示事实或观点。换言之，凡是本身可以表示事实或观点的名词(如truth, news, etc.)后面都可以接that引导的同位语从句。,总之，that引导的名词性从句表示事实或观点， that本身无意义， that在从句中不充当任何成分。换言之，凡是表示事实或观点的本身不缺任何成分的名词从句就用that 引导。,(常考点),高考题中部分that引导的同位语 从句 There is no possibility that Bob can win the first prize in the match. (2001) There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars that road conditions need to be improved. (2003上海) A story goes that Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. (04上海) Along with the letter was his promise that he would visit me this coming Christmas. Danby left word with my secretary that he would call again in the afternoon. (05 浙江) Its thirty years since we last met. But I still remember the story, believe it or not, that we got lost on a rainy night. (06四川) There is much chance that Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. (06天津) Doris success lies in the fact that she is co-operative and eager to learn from others. (06上海春季) The news that our athletes won another gold medal was reported In yesterdays newspaper. (2008上海春招),(表示疑问的名词性从句),一般疑问用whether(正式)或if(非正式)引导。,(注意语序哦！),_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,后面接表示疑问的名词从句时主句谓语必须能与表示疑问的信息搭配，也即，主句谓语不能是表示确定信息的词语(如be sure, believe, etc.)， 只能是表示非肯定或怀疑意义的词语(如ask, doubt, dont know, wonder, etc.)。,特殊疑问用wh-连接词引导。,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,表示特殊疑问的名词性从句,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,代 词,副 词,_,_,代 词,副 词,总之，疑问词引导的名词性从句表示疑问， 表示一般疑问的引导词在从句中不充当任何成分；表示特殊疑问的引导词在从句中充当成分(疑问词是代词时在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；疑问词是副词时在从句中作状语)。换言之，凡是表示特殊疑问的名词性从句本身都缺少某种成分。 _ he referred in his article was unknown to the general reader. (07上海39) A. That B. What C. Whether D. Where,?,to,_,_,_,_,_,Whether,Whether,Whether,if引导的名词从句作主语时不能放在句首，作宾语时不能紧接在介词后；另外，if引导的名词从句不作表语和同位语。,记住哦：,主语从句应与表语在意义上一致主语从句表事实时表语也必是事实；主语从句是疑问时表语也该是疑问等非确定意义。表语从句与主语也应表意一致。,注意哦：,_,_,_,_ _,_,_,_,当主句是疑问句而宾语从句又表示特殊疑问且主句谓语是表示观点、看法的动词(think, suppose, believe, say, imagine, propose)时，应把宾语从句的引导词(特殊疑问词)提到句首构成一种双重疑问句： What do you suppose has happened to her? What do you think I ought to read first?,_ _,_ _,_ _,_ _,_ _,_,哪些名词后面可以接wh-引导的同位语从句？,这取决于wh-引导的同位语从句本身的意义 表示疑问。换言之，只有本身表示问题的名词(如question, problem, have no idea)后面才可以接wh-引导的同位语从句。,Ability is the son of knowledge and a good habit.,that在从句中不作成分，没有意义；whether和if是连词，在句中只起连接作用，在从句中不充当成分，但不能省略；而wh-连接代词和连接副词在从句中充当某一成分，且有意义。 动词doubt表示“怀疑、不知道” 解时，肯定句接whether引导的宾语从句；否定句dont doubt和疑问句Do you doubt要接that引导的从句。 e. g. I dont doubt that he will come soon. 我不怀疑他不久会来。 Can you doubt that he will win? 你怀疑他会赢吗？ I doubt whether it is true. 我怀疑那不是真的。 whether从句几乎能作所有介词的宾语；that引导的从句只能作except, but, besides的介词宾语。 e. g. I have no interest in whether he will come. He is a good boy except that he is careless sometimes. whether和if的区别 （1）whether可以用于discuss和一般的介词，而if不能。 （2）whether用于所有的名词性从句，而if只能引导宾语从句； 主语从句在句首时不用if；有形式主语it时if能引导主语从句。 （3）whether可以构成whether or not或whether or no，if则不能。 但可以说whether/if or not, whether/if or。 （4）if引导的从句可用于否定谓语后，whether从句则不能。 e. g. I dont care if you wont come. 我才不在乎他来不来呢。 He doesnt care if you dont pay the money. 你付不付钱他不在乎。,(wh-连接词 引导的指具体对象的名词性从句),_,_,_,_,(泛指对象),(特指对象),You must believe in what you do and who you are if you want to succeed in the world. Most of us probably dont think about what is going on in our mind when we are reading. Knowing how we feel when we read can help us become better readers, and it will help us discover more about the real magic of books. Water, which seems so simple and common, is what makes life possible. It is not enough to simply decide where you want to go. You must also consider when and how you want to travel.,wh-词(此处称为连接词)引导的名词性从句若表示具体对象 人、物、事、时间、地点、原因、方式等，引导词在从句中必须充当某种成分(连接词是代词时在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；连接词是副词时在从句中作状语)。换言之，凡是表示具体对象的名词性从句本身都缺少某种成分。 _ in learning English is enough practice. (07全国II 17) A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which,matters most,?,_,高考题中部分表示泛指对象的从句 Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. (88) Sarah hopes to become a friend of whoever shares her interests. (95) Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. (99) Could I speak to whoever is in charge of International Sales, please? (2007 山东) Could I speak to whoever is in charge of International Sales, please? (2009全国I) The how-to book can be of help to whoever wants to do the job. (2009陕西) It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. (97) These wild flowers are so special I would do whatever I can to save them. (2000) She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do whatever it takes to save her life. (湖南2009) How about camping this weekend, just for a change? OK, whatever you want. (2010浙江) Whichever team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. (06山东27),高考题中部分表示特指对象的从句 What we cant get seems better than what we have. (96) A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago. (04 天津) The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at what I thought was a dangerous speed. (04上海春季) The way he did it was different from what we were used to. (05江西) What makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. (06辽宁) Choosing the right dictionary depends on what you want to use it for. (07 江苏) As his best friend, I can make accurate guesses about what he will do or think. (08年上海) I want to be liked and loved for what I am inside. (2010北京) Why not try your lick downtown, Bob? Thats where the best jobs are. (07 浙江) Have you finished the book? (2010全国II ) No. Ive read up to where the children discover the secret cave. I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. (2010江苏) Thats where I dont agree. You should have a more active life. The last time we had great fun was when we were visiting the Water Park. (08天津),表示泛指对象的引导词的辨析,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_ _,_,_,_,_,_ _,_ _,_,_,_,_,(名词性从句的引导词用法),Whatever your parents say,(特指),(泛指),(特指),whatever I do,(泛指),Not whatever he read,(特指),(特指),(泛指),whatever measures you consider best,(泛指),What引导的名词从句既可以表示疑问，又可以表示具体的人、物、事或时间等对象，表示具体对象时必定是虽没限定范围但却是确定的，即指确定的人、物、事或时间等。,Whatever引导的名词从句一般不可能表示疑问，只能表示具体的对象主要指物或事，且该具体对象没限定范围且是不确定的任何物或事。,which引导名词性从句时只能表示疑问，即询问限定范围中的哪一个/些。,whichever引导名词性从句时不能表示疑问，只能表示具体对象 限定选择范围中的随便哪一个/些人或物。,whatever引导名词性从句时只能指具体对象中的没有限定选择范围的不同类的任何东西。,whichever引导名词性从句时只能指具体对象中的限定选择范围的同一类的任何一项。,名词性从句引导词的用法,表示事实或观点，引导词在从句中不充当成分。,表一般疑问，引导词在从句中不充当成分。从句不作表语和同位语，作主语时不置于句首。不紧接or not。,从句表一般疑问，引导词在从句中不充当成分。,表特殊疑问。引导词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。,表特殊疑问。引导词在从句中主要作各种状语。,从句指特定的人、物