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必修1英语和高考满分作文(全国新课标卷):大山的故事(42)Section_ Lesson_2_&_Lesson_3_Language_Points一、这样记单词记得准写得对记得快记得多.基础词汇1.opinion n意见,看法,主张2.struggle n. 斗争,拼搏3.protest n. 抗议4.march vi.& n. 游行示威;行军5.brilliant adj. 卓越的,辉煌的6.keen adj. 强烈的,渴望的7.awful adj. (口) 极度的,糟糕的8.champion n. 冠军9.event n. 竞赛;事件10.athlete n. 运动员.拓展词汇1.revolution n革命revolutionary adj.革命的2.found vt.建立,创立foundation n建立,创立founder n创立者,缔造者3.personally adv.就自己而言personal adj.个人的,私人的4.equal adj.平等的equally adv.平等地equality n平等5.compete vi.比赛,竞争competition n竞争competitive adj.竞争性的competitor n竞争者;对手6.skil(l)ful adj.灵巧的,熟练的skill n技巧7.useless adj.无用的;差劲的use n用途useful adj.有用的8.unusual adj.不平常的usual adj.(反义词)平常的9.violence n暴力,暴行violent adj.野蛮的,暴力的10.fortunately adv.幸运地fortunate adj.幸运的11.amazing adj.令人惊异的amazed adj.感到惊异的amazement n惊讶,惊诧1.struggle n斗争,拼搏同义fight n战斗,斗争词块power/political/class struggle权力/政治/阶级斗争2.brilliant adj.卓越的,辉煌的同义splendid, magnificent, excellent3.keen adj.热心的,渴望的;强烈的同义eager adj.热切的,渴望的anxious adj.渴望的4.march vi.& n行军;游行示威联想March n三月词块go on a march游行示威5.found vt.建立,创立同义establish vt.建立,创立set up建立,创立联想find (发现)foundfoundfound(建立)pete vi.比赛,竞争同义contest n比赛,竞争比较complete v完成7.useless adj.无用的,无效的;差劲的反义useful adj.有用的记法后缀less表示“无”。联想盘点后缀less形容词homeless无家可归的hopeless无望的careless粗心的 endless无止境的harmless无害的 countless数不清的8.unusual adj.不平常的记法前缀un表示“不”。联想前缀un形容词集锦unnecessary不必要的 unpleasant令人不愉快的unfair不公平的 unhappy不高兴的unhealthy不健康的二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.fight for .为而斗争/战斗/拼搏2come to an end 结束3in my opinion 在我看来4agree with sb. 同意某人的意见5begin with . 以开始6be full of 充满了7spend . (in) doing sth. 花时间做某事8compete against 和竞争,与竞赛9look back 回顾,记起,倒退10be linked with 与有关系/关联11make a protest against 抗议12go to prison 坐牢,入狱1.fight for the rights of black people 为黑人的权力进行斗争2fight against racism 与种族主义作斗争3make a famous speech 发表著名的演讲4receive a medical degree 获得医学学位5win the Nobel Peace Prize 赢得诺贝尔和平奖6travel around the world 环游世界7move up to third 上升到了第三位8at a specific time 在一个特定的时间9express an interest in 表现出对的兴趣10make progress 取得进步11the road to success 成功之路12act in a play 参加一个戏剧表演三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.Jane Goodall has spent nearly forty years studying animals in the national park of Gombe in Tanzania.珍古道尔已经花费了近四十年的时间研究坦桑尼亚岗贝国家公园里的动物。spend . (in) doing sth.“某人花费(时间或金钱)做某事。”I spent_too_much_time_watching television yesterday.昨天,我花了太多时间看电视。2.In a recent interview, Venus spoke about the time when she and Serena were practising tennis .在最近一次采访中,维纳斯说,那时,她和塞丽娜练网球时句中when引导定语从句,修饰先行词the time。I shall never forget the_happy_days_when we studied together.我永远不会忘记我们在一起学习的那段美好时光。3.Finally, in 1991, the sisters and their family moved to a safer area and since then they have never looked back.终于在1991年,两姐妹及其家人搬到了一个较安全的地区,从此再也没有故地造访过。since then“从那时起”,常与现在完成时连用。Since_then,_he has developed another bad habit smoking.自那以后,他养成了另一种坏习惯吸烟。4.Brandi, the sisters mother, taught her daughters at home so that they completed their high school while developing their tennis careers.妈妈布兰蒂则在家中教两姐妹文化知识,这样才使她们既没有间断网球生涯,又能顺利地完成高中学业。while developing .是时间状语从句的省略形式。He likes doing business so that he runs his own company while_studying_in_college.他喜欢做生意,因此上大学期间就开办了自己的公司。1(教材P24)He led the 1911 revolution and founded the first republic of China.他领导了1911年革命,并成立了第一个中华民国。?found vt.建立,创立,创办be founded on/upon .be based on/upon以为基础Founded in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art.创建于20世纪初期的这所学校一直激励着孩子们对于艺术的热爱。As we all know, a good relationship has to be founded on/upon trust.众所周知,良好的关系必须建立在信任的基础上。2(教材P25)His first victory was to win the equal rights for blacks to sit on buses.他的第一次胜利是为黑人赢得了坐公交车的平等权。?equal(1)adj.平等的;相等的;胜任的be equal to sb./sth.等同于,与相等/平等be equal in sth. 在某方面相等/等同be equal to (doing) sth. 胜任(做)某事Women are demanding equal pay for equal work.妇女要求同工同酬。No one is equal to him in courage, about which every one knows.在勇气方面没有人比得上他,这一点大家都清楚。I even dont know a pound is roughly equal to 500 grams, so Im not equal to doing (do) the job.我甚至连一磅约等于500克都不知道,所以我不能胜任做这项工作。形象记忆(2)vt.等于;比得上equal sb./sth.in .在方面与匹敌None of us can equal her, either in beauty or as a dancer.不管是容貌还是在舞艺上我们都比不上她。(3)n.相等的事物,同等的人without equal无人可比(的),无与伦比It is reported that he is a player without_equal.据报道他是个无与伦比的运动员。3(教材P24)struggle n斗争,拼搏;努力v.挣扎;奋斗;努力(1)struggle for为而斗争struggle with/against sb./sth. 与某人/某物作斗争struggle to do sth. 努力做某事struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来(2)with a struggle 费劲地Helen Keller became deaf and blind when she was 19 months old, but she never gave up and struggled to lead an active life.海伦凯勒19个月大时就变得又聋又瞎了,但她从不放弃并努力过积极的生活。They had to struggle for their lives against weather and wild animals.为了生存他们不得不与天气和野兽斗争。Her mother has been struggling against/with illness for many years.她妈妈已经与疾病抗争了许多年。4(教材P25)He went to prison sixteen times for organising protests.他因组织抗议而入狱16次。?protest n& v抗议,反对protest about/against/at .make a protest against .对提出抗议without protest 心甘情愿地under protest 不情愿地,极不乐意地Some consumers protested about/against/at the bad service in the shop.Some consumers made a protest against the bad service in the shop.一些消费者对商店服务质量差提出了抗议。Ben accepted his punishment without_protest.本心甘情愿地接受了惩罚。I only signed the document under_protest.我不情愿地签了这份文件。5(教材P26)useless adj.无用的,无效的;差劲的It is useless to do sth.It is no use/useless doing sth.做某事无用be of usebe useful 有用的be of no usebe useless 无用的Its useless only speaking without doing.只说不做是没有用的。The book is of great use, which will help you a lot.这本书非常有用,将给你很大的帮助。Its no use/useless arguing about the question with him, for he wont change his opinion.Its useless to_argue (argue) about the question with him, for he wont change his opinion.关于这个问题和他争论是没有用的,因为他不会改变自己的观点。6(教材P26)He has always been very strict with his daughters, training them hard to compete against each other.他对女儿总是很严格,努力训练她们,并让她们相互竞争。?compete vi.比赛,竞争compete in .参加比赛compete for . 为竞争/比赛compete with/against .for . 为争取而与对抗/竞争Every four years, athletes from all over the world compete in the Olympic Games for the honor of winning.每四年来自世界各地的运动员参加奥运会争夺胜利的荣耀。Runners from many countries are competing with/against each other for the first gold medal in Olympic Games.来自许多国家的赛跑运动员正在为获得奥运会的第一枚金牌而彼此竞争。The two athletes will compete for the gold medal.这两名运动员将为了这枚金牌而角逐。7(教材P26)They have already expressed a keen interest in working in design after their tennis careers come to an end.她们都对网球职业生涯结束后从事设计工作极感兴趣。?keen(1)adj.对有兴趣的,对着迷的,喜爱的(常与on连用)He was so keen on literature that he gave up teaching and took up writing.他如此热衷于文学,以至于他放弃了教学从事写作。(2)adj.热心的,渴望的;强烈的be keen for sth.渴望得到某物be keen to do sth.be keen on doing sth. 渴望做某事He told me that he was keen on helping/to_help those who were in trouble.他告诉我,他渴望帮助那些处于困境中的人们。They were quite keen for the information about their missing child.他们非常渴望得到一些关于他们失踪孩子的相关信息。?come to an end结束put an end to .bring . to an end使结束;停止,终结at the end of 在结束时;在的尽头/结尾by the end of 到末为止in the end 最后;终于All good things must come to an end.天下没有不散的宴席。They decided to bring the quarrel to an end.They decided to put_an_end_to the quarrel.他们决定结束争吵。At_the_end_of the class, we stood up together and applauded the professor for his wonderful speech.在那堂课最后,我们一起起立,向这位教授的精彩演讲鼓掌。He had finished the work by_the_end_of last month.到上个月底为止他已完成了那项工作。名师点津come to an end是不及物动词短语,不能跟宾语,而put an end to与bring . to an end均为及物动词短语,后须跟宾语。8(教材P24)In my opinion, Dr Sun Yatsen is very important.在我看来,孙逸仙很重要。?in ones opinionin the opinion of sb. 在某人看来give/express ones opinion on/about .对发表意见have different opinions about . 对有不同的看法/意见have a good/high opinion of sb./sth.think (speak) well/highly of sb./sth. 对某人/某事评价高have a low/bad opinion of sb./sth. 对某人/某事评价低/差In my opinion, we can share information with each other to make a better understanding.(2014天津高考)在我看来,我们要彼此分享一些信息来促进更好地了解。I didnt expect to hurt you when I was expressing/giving my opinion on/about what you said.当我就你所说的话发表意见时没料到会伤害你。People have different opinions about Tom, but I admire him. After all, he is a musician.人们对汤姆有不同的看法,但是我很佩服他。毕竟他是位音乐家。People all over the world have a high opinion of Shanghai World Expo.全世界人民对上海世博会有很高的评价。名师点津“在我看来,就我而言”大荟萃:in my view, as far as Im concerned, as for me, as far as I can see, as I see it, personally (speaking)等。9(教材P25)He made a famous speech there beginning with the words: “I have a dream .”在那儿他做了一个著名的演讲,演讲以“我有一个梦想”开头?begin with .以开始start with .以开始to start/begin withfirst of all 首先;最初A thousand journey begins with the first step.千里之行, 始于足下。As far as Im concerned, its vital that we should begin/start_with small things.在我看来,从小事做起是非常重要的。To_begin_with,_we just need to take our books to a fixed place, which is very convenient for the participators.(2015重庆高考)首先,我们只需要把书放到指定位置,方便参与者自由获取。10(教材P26)The sisters road to success has been amazing.两姐妹的成功之路是令人惊叹的。?amazing adj.令人惊异的(1)amazed adj.感到吃惊的(多修饰人)be amazed at/by . 对感到吃惊be amazed to do . 对做感到惊奇(2)amazement n. 惊愕;惊诧in amazement 吃惊地to ones amazement 令某人大为惊奇的是It was amazing that he knew nothing about the event.他对这个事件毫不知情,这真让人感到诧异。The foreigners are amazed by the amazing achievements that the Chinese have made in socialist construction.(amaze)外国人对中国人在社会主义建设中取得的惊人成就惊叹不已。Visitors are often amazed to_discover (discover) how little the town has changed.旅游者经常会惊讶地发现这个小镇几乎没有什么变化。They reacted with sighs of disappointment and stared at Hanna in_amazement.他们都发出了失望的叹息,惊讶地盯着汉娜。1Jane Goodall has spent nearly forty years studying animals in the national park of Gombe in Tanzania.珍古道尔已经花费了近四十年的时间研究坦桑尼正岗贝国家公园里的动物。spend .(in) doing sth.“某人花(时间/金钱)做某事”。As far as Im concerned, its not wise to spend much time playing with smartphones.(2014重庆高考写作)就我个人而言,花费太多的时间玩智能手机是不明智的。spend .on sth.某人在某事/某物方面花费(时间/金钱)sth. cost(s) sb. some time/money 某物花费某人多少时间/金钱It takes (took, will take) sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费/需要某人多少时间The iPod cost me about 2,000 yuan.Well, it was crazy of you to spend so much money on it.这个iPod花了我大约2 000元。你花那么多钱,真是太疯狂了。It took me many hours to_persuade (persuade) the poor boy to go to school again.我花费了长时间才说服那个穷孩子重返学校。2. In a recent interview, Venus spoke about the time when she and Serena were practising tennis and they had to run and hide as bullets started flying through the air.在最近一次采访中,维纳斯说,那时,她和塞丽娜在进行网球训练时,子弹在空中飞梭她们只好跑开藏起来。本句中when引导定语从句,修饰先行词the time并在从句中作状语。(1)when在定语从句中作时间状语,可用“in/at/on/during等介词 which”转换。一般来说,when代替的先行词是表示时间的名词,如year, month, day等。I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.我一直期待着有一天,我的女儿能读这本书,能明白我对她的感情。We are living in an age when (in which ) many things are done on computers.我们生活在一个很多事情都在电脑上处理的时代。(2)并非一看到句中有表示时间的名词如year, month, day等,就用when来引导定语从句。表示时间的名词如果在从句中作状语,用when引导;如果在句中作主语或宾语时,就用that/which。I will never forget the days when (during_which) we worked on the farm.我永远也不会忘记我们在农场劳动的那些日子。I shall never forget the days (that/which) we spent together by the sea.我永远也不会忘记我们在海边一起度过的那些日子。3Finally, in 1991, the sisters and their family moved to a safer area and since then they have never looked back.终于在1991年,两姐妹及其家人搬到了一个较安全的地区,从此再也没有故地造访过。?句中since then“从那以后”,相当于from then on,是介词短语作时间状语,与现在完成时连用,常位于句首或句末。Since then, I have formed the habit of playing basketball with my friends regularly, which helps me to grow stronger and become more confident.(2014重庆高考写作)从那时起,我已养成了与朋友经常打篮球的习惯,这有助于我变得更强壮、更自信。?since 的用法:(1)prep.“自以来”,后面接名词或代词,经常与现在完成时连用。I have been there many times since the war.自那次战争以来,我已去过那里许多次了。(2)conj.“自以后,自以来”,引导时间状语从句,从句中用一般过去时,主句中用现在完成时。常用句型为“It is/has been 时间段since .”,此时若从句谓语动词是非延续性的,意为“自从已有了”;若从句谓语动词为延续性的,意为“自从不做已有了”。Ten years has_passed (pass) since I graduated from the university.自从我从那所大学毕业以来,十年的光阴已经过去了。It_is/has_been (be) already three years since he worked in this company, and now he still cant find a job.自从他离开这家公司以来已有三年了,现在还没有找到一份工作。(3)conj.“因为,既然”,相当于now that,引导原因状语从句。Since you misunderstood Alice, you should say sorry to her.既然你误解了艾丽斯,你就应该向她道歉。4Brandi, the sisters mother, taught her daughters at home so that they completed their high school while developing their tennis careers.妈妈布兰迪则在家中教两姐妹文化知识,这样才使她们既没有间断网球生涯又能顺利地完成高中学业。(1)while developing .是省略结构,补充完整应为“while they were developing .”。He picked up a wallet while (he was) walking home.在回家的路上,他见到了一个钱包。(2)在表示时间、条件、让步等的状语从句中,当主从句的主语一致或从句的主语为it,且从句谓语部分含有be动词时,可以将从句主语和be动词一同省去。When_(she_was)_very_young,_she began to learn to play the piano.她很小的时候就开始学习弹钢琴了。(时间状语从句)If_(it_is)_possible,_this machine can be changed for a new one.如果可能的话,这台机器会换成一台新的。(条件状语从句)No matter how frequently (they are) performed, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.不管贝多芬的作品演奏的多么频繁,它们仍然吸引着世界各地的观众。(让步状语从句).单句语法填空1Everyone is struggling for a better life.2While (she was) listening (listen) to the radio, she cant help laughing.3We have to wait until the discussion between them comes to an end.4Dolly wants to cycle round the world and she is really keen on the idea.5Sunday is the only day when I can relax.6Germany will compete with/against Spain for the champion tonight.7In my (I) opinion, your new coat is not worth so much money.8Founded (found) in 1959, our school has been more than 50 years old.9Its useless asking/to_ask (ask) her, because she doesnt know anything.10It is amazing (amaze) that the child can speak five foreign languages.完成句子1一个月的培训后,他变得胜任那份工作了。After a month of training, he became equal_to_the_work.2中学毕业后我们一直是朋友。We have been friends since_we_finished_middle_school.3会议将会以一个演讲开始来欢迎宾客们。The meeting will_begin_with_a_speech to welcome the guests.4他通常花半个小时的时间完成家庭作业。He usually spends_half_an_hour_finishing his homework.5学生们走上街头,抗议这项决定。Students took to the streets to_protest_against_the_decision.一、全练语言点,基稳才能楼高.单词拼写1They found themselves competing (竞争) with foreign companies for a share of the market.2(2014陕西高考单词拼写)Men and women must be treated equally (平等地) in education and employment.3Harvard University, founded (创办) in 1636, is the oldest university in the United States.4In big cities, countless young persons are struggling (奋斗,努力) for a better future.5All local farmers protested (抗议) against building the airport on their farmland then.6I had spent much time on the work but they told me its useless (无用的)7Its amazing (令人惊异的) how quickly people can adapt to a new environment.8We were late getting to airport, but fortunately (幸运地) our plane was delayed.9The daughter is keen (渴望的) to become a musician in the future.10Years of practice has made the salesgirl skilful (熟练的) at dealing with the customers.单句改错1After arriving there, well spend the whole morning visit the exhibition areas.visitvisiting_2This website was found by Mr. Smith, which has been popular so far.foundfounded3Different people have different opinion about safety of food.opinionopinions4This is the first time we had seen a film in the cinema together as a family.hadhave5Film has a much shorter history, especially when comparing to such art forms as music and paringcompared6The day when she spent with us was never to be forgotten.去掉when或whenthat/which7The wounded soldier struggled to his foot and kept on moving.footfeet8I was amazing to hear that Chris had won the first prize.amazingamazed.选词填空protest against, to ones amazement, be equal to, in my opinion, struggle to ones feet, be keen on, compete with, to begin with, in the end, be founded on1His theory is_founded_on facts and experiments.2As far as Im concerned, she is_equal_to supporting the family on her own.3Bravely, Mary struggled_to_her_feet,_and fought against the wind and rain beating against her.4Many people gathered to protest_against killing animals for food.5Life is like a long race where we often compete_with others to go beyond ourselves.6In_my_opinion,_its important for students to keep the balance between study and social practice.7To_begin_with,_he had no money but later he became rich by playing stock in the market.8In_the_end,_I decided that I wouldnt go at all.9She likes biology, and is_keen_on physics as well.10To_my_amazement,_he was able to recite the whole passage.课文语法填空Venus and Serena are both tennis champions. They were born in an area which was full of drugs and violence (violent). In 1991, the sisters and their family moved to a safer area and since then they have never looked back.Richard, their father, was strict with them and trained them hard to compete against each other. Both sisters are_studying (study) design at college now . They have already expressed a keen interest in working in design after their tennis careers ended. The sisters road to success has been amazing (amaze). It was in 1996 that Venus played in a big event for the first time. Since then, she has_won (win) Wimbledon and the US Open twice. Has tennis ever caused problems between the sisters? Fortunately (fortunate), no.串点成篇微表达以前我们学校没有足球队。因此许多喜爱(be keen on)足球的学生提出了抗议(protest)。在他们看来(in their opinion),足球队应该尽快被建立(found)。上学期足球终于成立了。从那以后(since then)

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