2020版高考英语一轮复习课时提能练22（含解析）外研版.docx

课时提能练(二十二).阅读理解(2019桂林联考)By trying to tickle(使发痒) rats and recording how their nerve cells respond，Shimpei Ishiyama and his adviser are discovering a mystery that has puzzled thinkers since Aristotle expected that humans，given their thin skin and unique ability to laugh，were the only ticklish animals.It turns out that Aristotle was wrong.In their study published on Thursday，Ishiyama and his adviser Michael Brecht found that rats squeaked and jumped with pleasure when tickled on their backs and bellies.These signs of joy changed according to their moods.And for the first time，they discovered a special group of nerve cells.These nerve cells made this feeling so powerful that it causes a rat being tickled to lose control.To make sure that he had indeed found a place in the brain where tickling was processed，Ishiyama then stimulated(刺激) that area with electrical currents.The rats began to jump like rabbits and sing like birds.“Its truly groundbreaking，”said Jeffrey Burgdorf，a neuroscientist at Northwestern University who reviewed the paper.“It takes the study of emotion to a new level.”Burgdorf has played a central role in our understanding of animal tickling.He was part of a team that first noticed，in the late 1990s，that rats made special noises when they were experiencing social pleasure.Others had already noted that rats repeatedly made short and high sounds during meals.But the lab where Burgdorf worked noticed that they emitted similar sounds while playing.And so one day，the senior scientist in the lab said，“Lets go and tickle some rats.” They quickly found that those cries of pleasure doubled.“The authors have been very adventurous，” said Daniel OConnor，a neuroscientist at Johns Hopkins University.To him，that finding was very surprising.“Why does the world literally feel different when you are stressed out？” he said.“This is the first step towards answering that question.It gives us a way to approach it with experimental rigor(严谨)”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章中科学家通过刺激老鼠来记录它们的神经细胞的反应，所得出的结论将对情绪的研究提升到了一个新的高度。1What contributed to humans being ticklish according to Aristotle?ATheir special skin.BTheir social pleasure.CTheir nervous system.DTheir willingness to touch.A细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“since Aristotle expected that humans，given their thin skin and unique ability to laugh，were the only ticklish animals”可知，亚里士多德认为人类由于其皮肤薄，而且有独特的笑的能力而成为唯一怕痒的动物，所以正确答案为A。2Which of the following statements will Jeffrey Burgdorf agree with?AThe research process is full of risks.BThe finding of the study is surprising and unbelievable.CThe new discovery is beneficial for the study of emotion.DThe finding of the study actually contradicts modern science.C推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“It takes the study of emotion to a new level”可知，这项研究成果把对情绪的研究提升到了一个新的高度，显然，这对情绪的研究是有益处的。故答案为C。3The underlined word “squeaked” in Paragraph 2 may be replaced by “ ”Agave a smileBmade a noiseCburst into tearsDwatched with staring eyesB词义猜测题。根据该词后面的“jumped with pleasure when tickled on their backs and bellies”可知，当在老鼠的背部和腹部挠痒痒的时候，它们会高兴地跳起来，再结合第三段中的“The rats began to jump like rabbits and sing like birds”可知，此处是“发出声音”的意思，故选B。4What is the best title for the text?AThe Life of RatsBHow Rats LaughCA Wonderful ScientistDA New Discovery about RatsD标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了一项关于老鼠的新发现。故答案为D。.阅读七选五(2019湖北八校联考)I still remember my first time going to the Chinese companys canteen.When I stepped into the elevator，each one was full of people. 1 However，there was no sign of fire and people were laughing and talking.I followed the flow of the crowd to the doors of the canteen.It occurred to me that in China everyone takes lunch at the same time. 2 The cafeteria followed this schedule，only being open a few hours per day.When I stood in the doorway，I realized I had to act fast or I would be left behind. 3 Everyone lines up and takes a tray，but instead of silverware，here are chopsticks and soup spoons.As I was pushed along the line，I saw dishes I didnt recognize and a few people cut in line and picked up dishes left and right. 4 I ended up going with a pork and cucumber dish and a tofu salad.I have been at my company for over a year and a half. 5 I have learned what dishes I like，mostly by trial and error，and a lot of workers know me and say hello.I am still getting used to eating lunch at“lunchtime”，but I think the schedule definitely helps keep me on track during the day.I wish there was something like this at offices in my hometown.AI thought I had missed a fire drill.BThere was no emergency，it was just lunchtime.CI noticed things at lunchtime were a bit different.DI felt that I needed to make some quick decisions.EThe canteen reminded me of my school lunchroom.FAnd now I am glad to say I am more confident in the canteen.GI was not very familiar with the local food or restaurants in China.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了在中国，“我”在公司餐厅吃午饭的所见和所感。1A根据空处后一句“However，there was no sign of fire and people were laughing and talking”可知，没有着火的迹象，人们在高声谈笑；A项中的“fire”和该句对应，说明“我”看到许多人在电梯里时的想法：人很多，跟消防演习一样。故A项正确。2B根据空处前一句“It occurred to me that in China everyone takes lunch at the same time”可知，“我”想起了每个中国人都是在同一时间段吃午饭；据此可推断，“我”意识到没有紧急情况发生，只是到了吃午饭的时间，故B项正确。3E根据空处后一句“Everyone lines up and takes a tray but instead of silverware，here are chopsticks and soup spoons”可知，每个人都排着队拿着餐盘，但是在这里人们拿着筷子和汤勺等着打饭菜，而不是刀子和叉子；据此可以判断，公司的餐厅使“我”想起了“我”学校的餐厅，故E项正确。4D根据空处后一句“I ended up going with a pork and cucumber dish and a tofu salad”可知，最后，“我”去吃了猪肉、黄瓜和豆腐。据此可推知，“我”快速地做出了吃什么菜的决定，故D项正确。5F根据空处后一句“I have learned what dishes I like，mostly by trial and error，and a lot of workers know me and say hello”可知，通过反复品尝，“我”知道了“我”喜欢吃什么菜，很多工人认识“我”并和“我”打招呼；据此可推断，“我”现在在餐厅感到很自信，故F项正确。.语法填空(2019兰州诊断)Parkour(跑酷) is a sport which trains people to deal with any physical obstacles in their path.It is not a competition but a physical training.A person joining in parkour is called a traceur.Traceurs run along a path and use only their bodies to deal with the obstacles in the most efficient way.Parkour pays more attention to efficiency，1. (make) it different from the similar practice of free running.Parkour 2. (common) includes running，jumping，climbing，rolling and other similar types of physical movements.Many teenagers think that parkour is quite 3. cool sport.They have great interest in it.The 4. (invent) of parkour cant 5. (give) to one person because many people have worked on it.A French officer developed the earlier form of parkour.The term“parkour”was first introduced by David Belle and Sebastian Foucan in the early 1980s.6. that time，they were two teenagers.This sport 7. (become) more popular in the 1990s when many films were made on it.8 makes parkour different from other sports is its power to bring people together.It allows traceurs to forget the 9. (society) and other problems，and makes a large group work and grow together instead of competing with each other.People can benefit from parkour as it can make them stronger.Still，it also influences ones thought process by improving selfconfidence and criticalthinking skills.In this way，parkour allows one to deal with 10. (difficulty) in daily life if he or she deals with them through parkour.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了跑酷这项运动。1making考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处考查非谓语动词且表示自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。2commonly考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词修饰动词。3a考查冠词。此处构成“quitea/anadj.n.”结构，且cool的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。4invention考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处作主语，且空前有The修饰，故用名词形式。5be given考查动词的语态。此处主语与give之间为动宾关系，且情态动词后用动词原形。故填be given。6At考查介词。at that time意为“在那时候”，为固定搭配。7became考查动词的时态。此句中in the 1990s为表示过去的时间，所以此处用一般过去时。8What考查主语从句。空处引导主语从句且在从句中作主语，故填What。9social考查词性转换。此处修饰名词problems，故用形容词。10difficulties考查名词复数。根据下文中的“them”可知，此处应用名词复数。.短文改错(2019武汉调研)Dear Li Hua，Im pretty delighting to have received the letter you sent me two weeks ago.Ive been thinking about a question you asked me.In your opinion，you should come back before you finish your study abroad.For one reason，what you are studying is bad needed nowadays in China.It will be quite easy for you to find a good j