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课时提能练(三十四).阅读理解(2019济南市针对性训练)The modern pizza was originally invented in Naples,Italy,but the word pizza is Greek in origin,derived from the Greek word pktos meaning solid or clotted.The ancient Greeks covered their bread with oils,herbs and cheese.The first major innovation that led to flatbread pizza was the use of tomato as a topping.It was common for the poor of the area around Naples to add tomatoes to their yeastbased flatbread,and so the pizza began.While it is difficult to say for sure who invented the pizza,it is however believed that modern pizza was first made by baker Raffaele Esposito of Naples.In fact,a popular urban legend holds that the archetypal(原型的) pizza,Pizza Margherita,was invented in 1890,when the Royal Palace of Capodimonte asked the Neapolitan pizzaiolo Raffaele Esposito to create a pizza in honor of the visiting Queen Margherita.Of the three different pizzas he created,the Queen strongly preferred a pie wrapped in the colors of the Italian flag:red (tomato),green (basil),and white(mozzarella)Supposedly,this kind of pizza was then named after the Queen as Pizza Margherita.Later,the dish has become popular in many parts of the world:The first pizzeria,Antica Pizzeria PortAlba,was opened in 1830 in Naples.In North America,the first pizzeria was opened in 1905 by Gennaro Lombardi at 53 Spring Street in New York City.The first Pizza Hut,the chain of pizza restaurants appeared in the United States in 1958.Nowadays,many varieties of pizza exist worldwide,along with several dish variants based upon pizza.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了比萨的历史渊源。1Whats mainly talked about in the text?AWays of making pizza.BThe history of pizza.CVarieties of pizza.DStories about pizza.B主旨大意题。根据第一段的“The modern pizza was originally invented in Naples,Italy,but the word pizza is Greek in origin”以及文章的整体内容可知,本文主要介绍了比萨的历史起源。2What can replace the underlined word “derived” in Paragraph 1?ASeparated.BAdapted.COriginated.DTransformed.C词义猜测题。根据第一段的“The modern pizza was originally invented in Naples,Italy”可知,此处说的是比萨起源于希腊单词“pktos”,故画线词意为“发源,开始”,故选C。3How was pizza first started?AAncient Greeks covered their bread with oils,herbs and cheese.BPeople in Naples added tomatoes to their bread as a topping.CRaffaele Esposito wrapped a pie in the colors of the Italian flag.DQueen Margherita awarded her name to pizza in the Royal Palace.B细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“The first major innovation that led to flatbread pizza was the use of tomato as a topping.It was common for the poor of the area around Naples to add tomatoes to their yeastbased flatbread,and so the pizza began”可知,那不勒斯人先在面包上用西红柿作为配料,由此开创了比萨这种食品,故选B。4What can be learned from the text?APizza remains popular around the world.BThe first Pizza Hut was opened in Naples.CThe taste of pizza stays the same over time.DGennaro Lombardi was the first to make pizza.A细节理解题。根据文中的“Later,the dish has become popular in many parts of the world”和“Nowadays,many varieties of pizza exist worldwide,along with several dish variants based upon pizza”可知,比萨现在在全世界依然很受欢迎,故选A。.阅读七选五(2019武汉调研)On December 22, 2016 I landed in the land of the “American Dream” 1 Here is one of the things Ive struggled with during my almost one year in the States. 2 My uncle and aunt joked that I brought rain from Saigon to America. Saigon, where I come from, is the old name of Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam.Vietnam is a tropical country where it rains most of the year. Before going to the US., actually, I had no idea what to expect about its weather, but the big rain on my arrival gave me the first expectation of what the weather here might be like.California is known for having a great climatemore sunshine, cooler in summer and warmer in winter. 3 However, having been here for a pretty long while now, I have experienced various forms of climate in California. 4 Most of the time I was living in Silicon Valley, where the weather is a bit colder than where I study in Orange County. But I was really surprised to find chilltothebone weather in San Franciscoa big shift from Silicon Valley in only about an hours drive. How strange! 5 The worst is that I get a runny nose whenever I wake up in the morning. Because I am allergic to the cold and windy weathers, I keep sneezing badly, and even more badly if I get caught in the cold. I think that my body needs more time to get used to this climate, but as many people said, I am luckier to be in California where I dont have to fight with extreme weathers as in other states.AI am sensitive to weather change.BSuch strange weather has affected my health.CSo the amount of rain this year is considered unusual.DThe LAX airport in California welcomed me with a big rain.ESo I quickly get used to the unchangeable climate in California.FThe weather varies widely depending on where you are in the state.GSince then, I have discovered tons of dilemmas about life in America.【语篇解读】本文是国外生活类说明文。作者介绍了自己从越南到美国之后所体验到的各种天气。1G 上文提到作者到了美国,接下来说“下面是我在美国接近一年的时间里努力应付过的诸多难题中的一个”。由此可以推断,空处表达的应该是作者经历了很多困难,G项的意思是“从那时起,我在美国发现了很多生活难题”,所以选G。2D 本空位于段首,为段落主题句。根据下文中的“My uncle and aunt joked that I brought rain from Saigon to America”可知,空处应与rain有关,D项“加利福尼亚的LAX机场用一场大雨欢迎了我”符合语境,所以选D。3C 上一段讲的是加利福尼亚的大雨,本段首句讲的是“加利福尼亚因气候好而著名”,C项的意思是“因此今年的雨量被认为是不寻常的”,符合段落以及句子间的逻辑,所以选C。4F 本空位于段首,为段落主题句。下文讲的是美国不同的地方有着迥异的天气,即便是相隔很近的两个地方,其天气也有很大的变化,而F项的意思是“在美国,天气随着你所在的地方而有很大的差异”,所以选F。5B 本空位于段首,为段落主题句。下文讲的是作者因为天气多变而打喷嚏,而B项的意思是“这种奇怪的天气已经影响到了我的健康”,所以选B。.语法填空(2019银川检测)Rajesh Naik 1. (transform) 120 acres of wasteland into an organic farm,providing an 2. (inspire)example of the efforts to create a large lake.“I come from a family of agriculturalists and this land is my ancestral land, 3. hard rock structures make it difficult to hold water.People thought it was impossible to farm this land and 4. I was throwing away my career.However,I was determined to work on developing the water resources in the area,”says Rajesh.It took a lot of financial resources and time 5. (create) the lake,which is enough to irrigate(灌溉) the whole farm.This has not only encouraged plant 6. (grow) in the area,but also helped in increasing the water table(地下水位) in the surrounding areas 7. the farm.Besides growing fruit and vegetables,Rajesh has also started a dairy farm that has 8. (many) than 200 cows.“If this model 9. (carry) out in every part of the country,the whole country will be able to solve its water problems and have agriculture 10. (total) based on organic farming.What is important is the will of people and the support from the government.”says Rajesh.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文,主要介绍了Rajesh Naik把120英亩的荒地变成了有机农场的过程及其对未来的期望。1has transformed 考查动词的时态。根据下文中的“providing an (inspire)example of the efforts to create a large lake”可知,此处为过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响,所以用现在完成时,即Rajesh Naik已经把120英亩的荒地变成了一个有机农场。2inspiring 考查非谓语动词。为创造一个大型湖泊的努力提供了一个鼓舞人心的例子。根据语境可知,此处用现在分词作定语,意为“鼓舞人心的”。3where 考查定语从句。坚硬的岩石结构使其难以蓄水。分析句子结构可知此处为定语从句,且从句中不缺少主语或宾语,又根据语境可知用where引导定语从句,在从句中作地点状语。4that 考查连接词。人们认为耕种这片土地是不可能的,我正在浪费我的事业,分析句子结构可知此处为宾语从句,若动词后有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时,第二个和后面几个从句的that不能省略,所以此处应填that。5to create 考查非谓语动词。建成这个湖需要花费大量的财政资源和时间,此处it takes(sb.)时间/金钱to do sth.为固定结构,其中动词不定式为真正的主语。6growth 考查名词。这不仅促进了该地区植物的生长,而且也提高了农场周边地区的地下水位。根据语境可知此处用名词growth意为“生长”。7of 考查介词。参见上题解析。根据语境可知the farm与the surrounding areas为所属关系,所以用of所有格。8more 考查形容词比较级。Rajesh还创办了一个有200多头奶牛的牛奶场。此处more than意为“超过”,为固定结构。9is carried 考查动词的时态及语态。根据语境可知,此处主语model与动词carry之间为被动关系;空处所在句描述的是将来的情况,又因为在含有条件状语从句的复合句中,从句应用一般现在时代替一般将来时,故此处用一般现在时的被动语态。10totally 考查副词。此处修饰动词短语based on,用副词。.短文改错(2019安徽省名校联考)As we all know,we can meet with various challenges in our life.Facing with challenges,how should we do?Last month,our class climbed Mount Tai,which was more than 1,500 meters above sea level.Lacking exercises,I thought that this a

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