设计任务书---三坐标测量机的机械结构设计及应用(00781052邱志庆).doc

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毕业设计(论文)外文翻译题目 三坐标测量机的机械结构设计及应用专 业 名 称 机械设计制造及其自动化班 级 学 号 078105225学 生 姓 名 邱志庆指 导 教 师 贺红林南昌航空大学科技学院学士学位论文学士学位论文原创性声明本人声明,所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立完成的研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外,本论文不包含法律意义上已属于他人的任何形式的研究成果,也不包含本人已用于其他学位申请的论文或成果。对本文的研究作出重要贡献的个人和集体,均已在文中以明确方式表明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承担。作者签名: 日期:学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,同意学校保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版,允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权南昌航空大学科技学院可以将本论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索,可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文。 作者签名: 日期:导师签名: 日期:三坐标测量机的机械结构设计及应用 学生姓名:邱志庆 班级:0781052指导老师:贺红林摘要:从60年代初发明到现在,三坐标测量机(CMM)在制造业得到世界范围广泛应用,成为3D检测工业标准设备。三坐标测量技术得到迅速发展,而配套检测软件的发展,更是突飞猛进。最早的三坐标测量机只能显示XYZ坐标,而目前的各种检测软件几乎可以解决用户的绝大部分问题。软件日益成为影响用户使用好坏的关键所在。CMM测量软件发展趋势,对于传统的三坐标测量机检测来说,通常是设计部门提供二维图纸,检验部门根据图纸对工件进行尺寸及形位公差的检测。随着三维CAD软件的应用,越来越多的技术部门使用三维CAD建模技术进行设计。因此,各坐标机厂家纷纷推出了基于三维CAD技术的测量软件,直接将客户设计好的三维CAD模型导入测量软件进行检测。这样做的优点非常明显,不需要额外的图纸,理论值可以直接捕获,更可以进行测量仿真,测头干涉检查等,所以,受到用户的一致好评。基于CAD的测量成为目前三坐标测量软件的发展热点。关键词:三坐标测量机 传感器 三维 传动装置指导老师签名:Coordinate measuring machine mechanical design and applicationStudent name: qiu zhi qing Class:0781052Supervisor: he hong linAbstract:Invents from the beginning of the 60s to present, coordinate measuring machines (CMM) obtains the worldwide scale widespread application in the manufacturing industry, becomes the 3D examination industry standard equipment. Three coordinates survey technology obtains the rapid development, but the necessary examination software development, is progresses by leaps and bounds. The earliest coordinate measuring machines only can demonstrate the XYZ coordinates, but the present each kind of examination software may solve users major part problem nearly. The software becomes the influence user use quality the key to be at day by day. The CMM survey software trend of development, regarding the traditional coordinate measuring machines examination, usually is designs the department to provide the two-dimensional blueprint, the inspection department carries on the size and the shape position common difference examination according to the blueprint to the work piece. Along with the three dimensional CAD software application, the more and more many technical department uses the three dimensional CAD modeling technology to carry on the design. Therefore, various coordinates machine factory has promoted in abundance based on the three dimensional CAD technology survey software, the three dimensional CAD model which designs the customer inducts directly surveys the software to carry on the examination. Does this the merit is extremely obvious, does not need the extra blueprint, the theoretical value may catch directly, may carry on the survey simulation, the gauge head interference inspection and so on, therefore, receives the user the consistent high praise. Survey the software based on the CAD survey into at present three coordinates the development hot spot.Key words: Coordinate measuring machines Sensor Three dimensional Transmission deviceSignature of Supervisor:南昌航空大学科技学院学士学位论文三坐标测量机的机械结构设计及应用 学生姓名:邱志庆 班级:0781052指导老师:贺红林摘要:从60年代初发明到现在,三坐标测量机(CMM)在制造业得到世界范围广泛应用,成为3D检测工业标准设备。三坐标测量技术得到迅速发展,而配套检测软件的发展,更是突飞猛进。最早的三坐标测量机只能显示XYZ坐标,而目前的各种检测软件几乎可以解决用户的绝大部分问题。软件日益成为影响用户使用好坏的关键所在。CMM测量软件发展趋势,对于传统的三坐标测量机检测来说,通常是设计部门提供二维图纸,检验部门根据图纸对工件进行尺寸及形位公差的检测。随着三维CAD软件的应用,越来越多的技术部门使用三维CAD建模技术进行设计。因此,各坐标机厂家纷纷推出了基于三维CAD技术的测量软件,直接将客户设计好的三维CAD模型导入测量软件进行检测。这样做的优点非常明显,不需要额外的图纸,理论值可以直接捕获,更可以进行测量仿真,测头干涉检查等,所以,受到用户的一致好评。基于CAD的测量成为目前三坐标测量软件的发展热点。 关键词三坐标测量机 传感器 三维 传动装置指导老师签名:Coordinate measuring machine mechanical design and applicationStudent name:qiu zhi qing Class:0781052Supervisor:he hong linAbstract:Invents from the beginning of the 60s to present, coordinate measuring machines (CMM) obtains the worldwide scale widespread application in the manufacturing industry, becomes the 3D examination industry standard equipment. Three coordinates survey technology obtains the rapid development, but the necessary examination software development, is progresses by leaps and bounds. The earliest coordinate measuring machines only can demonstrate the XYZ coordinates, but the present each kind of examination software may solve users major part problem nearly. The software becomes the influence user use quality the key to be at day by day. The CMM survey software trend of development, regarding the traditional coordinate measuring machines examination, usually is designs the department to provide the two-dimensional blueprint, the inspection department carries on the size and the shape position common difference examination according to the blueprint to the work piece. Along with the three dimensional CAD software application, the more and more many technical department uses the three dimensional CAD modeling technology to carry on the design. Therefore, various coordinates machine factory has promoted in abundance based on the three dimensional CAD technology survey software, the three dimensional CAD model which designs the customer inducts directly surveys the software to carry on the examination. Does this the merit is extremely obvious, does not need the extra blueprint, the theoretical value may catch directly, may carry on the survey simulation, the gauge head interference inspection and so on, therefore, receives the user the consistent high praise. Survey the software based on the CAD survey into at present three coordinates the development hot spot.Key words Coordinate measuring machines Sensor Three dimensional Transmission deviceSignature of Supervisor:目 录摘要IAbstractII1 绪论11.1 三坐标测量机的应用与发展11.2 三坐标测量机测量原理51.2.1 三坐标测量机的组成71.2.2 三坐标测量机的结构特点71.3 设计要求82 三坐标测量机的总体设计方案8 2.1 设计任务和内容8 2.2 总体设计方案拟订9 2.2.1 三坐标测量机机械部分设计9 2.2.2 三坐标测量机电路部分设计10 2.3 参数的确定183 三坐标测量进给系统的设计计算193.1 动机的选择计算19 3.1.1 调速电动机的容量的计算19 3.1.2 步进电动机的概述19 3.1.3 步进电动机的容量的计算203.2 轴概述 20 3.2.1 轴的用途203.2.2 轴的材料21 3.2.3 轴的材料213.3 轴的结构设计21 3.3.1 拟定轴上零件的装配方案22 3.3.2 轴上零件的定位 223.3.3 轴的结构设计23 3.3.4 初步设计轴的最小直径.24 3.3.5 拟定轴上零件的装配方案25 3.3.6 根据轴向定位的要求确定轴的个段直径和长度26 3.3.7 轴上零件的轴向定位27 3.3.8 确定轴上圆角和倒角尺寸27 3.4 丝杠螺母副的选用计算27 3.4.1 丝杠螺母的导程的确定27 3.4.2 确定丝杠的等效转速27 3.4.3 丝杠的等效负273.4.4 确定丝杠所受的最大动载荷Cax273.4.5 临界压缩负荷Fcr283.4.6 临界转速验算283.4.7 计算轴承动载荷29 3.4.8 丝杠拉压振动和扭转振动的固有频率验算30 3.5 丝杠的扭转刚度30 3.6 传动精度计算31 3.7 导轨的选型及计算32 3.7.1 滚动导轨的结构及配32 3.7.2 滚动导轨副的预紧33 3.7.3 滚动导轨副润滑防护33 3.8 横向伺服进给系统的设计计算(同以上方法)33 3.9 纵向、横向的移动工作台的装配图(见附图1)334 夹具的初步设计34 4.1 载要34 4.2 机床夹具的基本要求34 4.3 机床夹具概述35 4.3.1 机床夹具的分类35 4.3.2 夹具的作用35 4.3.3 夹具的组成36 4.4 螺旋夹紧装置37 4.4.1 螺旋夹紧力计算37 4.4.2 螺旋夹紧的自锁性能和传力系数38 4.5 螺旋夹紧机构的特点39 4.6 横向伺服系统和立拄的设计计算39结论 40致谢 41参考文献 42附录 43VI南昌航空大学科技学院学士学位论文毕业设计(论文)开题报告题目:三坐标测量机的机械结构设计及应用专 业 名 称 : 机械设计制造及其自动化班 级 学 号 : 078105225学 生 姓 名 : 邱志庆指 导 教 师 : 贺红林填 表 日 期 2011 年 6 月 1 日南昌航空大学科技学院学生毕业设计开题报告一、 选题的依据1、合理的测量精度坐标测量机是检测工件尺寸与形位误差的仪器,首要的是精度指标应满足用户要求。选用时,一般可根据被测工件要求的检测精度与测量机给定的测量不确定度相对比,看测量机精度是否符合要求。精度比对不是一个简单的比较过程。测量机的技术规范中一般只给出单轴测长和空间测长的两个不确定度公式及重复精度值。但在具体测件时需要将被测参数的测量不确定度限制在一定范围内。一般测量时,要测量很多测点。在形位测量时,更有大量测点参与并带来测量误差,精确计算是很难的。因此从经验出发,在一般测量中,测量不确定度应为被测工件尺寸公差带的1/51/3。例如某一被测箱体上二孔的孔距为500mm,公差带为15um,则所选用的测量机在500mm长度上的测量不确定度应不大于3um5um。对于精密测量及复杂的形位测量要求还高,一般应为被测尺寸公差带的1/101/5。重要的是重复精度必须满足要求,因为系统误差还可以通过一定方法补偿,而重复精度应由测量机本身保证。总之,用户应选用精度(包括重复精度)高一些的测量机。这不仅由于测量复杂件时,测点可能带入的误差比预想的要大(由于测头测杆变化或加长会引入更大的误差),而且测量机的精度会随使用次数增多而有所下降。2、合乎要求的测量范围测量范围的选择时选择测量机时的最基本参数。因为在测量范围内才能获得精确的测量值,超出了范围,测量就难于进行。选择测量范围时,应考虑以下几个方面。(1)、工件的所需测量的部分,不一定是整个工件。如要测的部分集中在工件的某个局部,除了测量机的测量范围能覆盖被测参数之外,还要考虑整个工件能在测量机上安置,要求工件重量对测量精度不带来显著影响。为了把工件放入测量机中,应根据工件大小选择测量机。(2)、Z轴与Z向空间高度的关系。Z轴行程是Z轴的测量范围,而Z向空间高度是工件能放得下的高度。(3)、接长杆的问题。有的测头上有星形探针,这些探针在测量时往往要求超出工件的被测部分。一般工件尺寸为l时,要求测量范围L=l+2C,C为探针的长度。因此测量范围等于工件被测的最大尺寸再加上两倍的探针长度。3、合适的测量机类型测量机按自动化程度分为手动(或机动)与CNC自控两大类。选用时,应根据检测对象的批量大小、自动化程度、操作人员技术水平及资金投入大小去权衡。当然CNC测量机水平高、测速快,但测量的准备时间长、技术要求高、资金投入大。故应从经济效益的角度进行比较判定。一般说,对于中等尺寸的工件,多采用移动桥式;对于小型工件,多采用悬臂式、仪器台式与移动桥式等;对于大型工件,则多采用龙门式;对于需回转测量的工件,可选用带分度台的测量机。4、丰富的测量软件对复杂的测量对象进行测量,测量机应有丰富的测量软件支持,以完成测量任务。如缺少某些软件,可根据被测对象向生产厂家索取。如果厂方提供了编程方法(多数厂家不提供),也可自行开发。5、符合要求的测量效率测量机运行速度与采样速度既是测量机效率高低的重要指标,又与自动化生产的要求密切相关。用于生产线或柔性加工线上的测量机,检测的时间必须满足生产节拍的要求。6、功能齐全的测量头测量头是测量机上重要的传感器件。它不仅直接影响测量精度,而且是决定测量机功能和测量效率的重要因素。7、满意的经济效益作为检测仪器,测量机的经济效益是投资购买的一项重要指标。虽然它不像生产机床那样便于计算,也不如机床那样可以较快地收回成本并创造效益,但作为保证生产质量的手段和环节,检测仪器有着特殊的重要性。测量机的使用费用,主要取决于测量机的折旧费K、检测人员的工资G、测量所用的时间T及辅助材料和设备等杂费Q,即测量总费用。M=T(K+G)+Q测量机效益的关键在于使用时间T。因此在考虑测量机资金的投入时,关键在于了解它的使用效率。如果使用效率高,则经济效益亦高。如果使用效率不很高,而又易于在当地解决测量问题,则应委托或协作检测。只付检测费,比购置一台测量机更经济。当然有的场所,测量对象极为精密,不适宜搬动,有的系军工保密件等,此时配置一台坐标测量机具有特殊性,也是必须的。二、国内外研究概况及发展趋势从60年代初发明到现在,三坐标测量机(CMM)在制造业得到世界范围广泛应用,成为3D检测工业标准设备。三坐标测量技术得到迅速发展,而配套检测软件的发展,更是突飞猛进。最早的三坐标测量机只能显示XYZ坐标,而目前的各种检测软件几乎可以解决用户的绝大部分问题。软件日益成为影响用户使用好坏的关键所在。CMM测量软件发展趋势,对于传统的三坐标测量机检测来说,通常是设计部门提供二维图纸,检验部门根据图纸对工件进行尺寸及形位公差的检测。随着三维CAD软件的应用,越来越多的技术部门使用三维CAD建模技术进行设计。因此,各坐标机厂家纷纷推出了基于三维CAD技术的测量软件,直接将客户设计好的三维CAD模型导入测量软件进行检测。这样做的优点非常明显,不需要额外的图纸,理论值可以直接捕获,更可以进行测量仿真,测头干涉检查等,所以,受到用户的一致好评。基于CAD的测量成为目前三坐标测量软件的发展热点。 随着现代科学技术的飞速发展和对测量方法的深入研究,在机电行业中人们对三维坐标测量技术的要求也越来越高。物体的三维轮廓以及形位测量已被广泛应用于机械制造、航海、航空航天、反求工程等领域。目前物体三维轮廓测量的主要方法有导轨式三坐标机的高精度接触测量、激光点扫描和激光线扫描式三坐标轮廓测量、激光散斑物体轮廓高精度显微全场测量。在这些诸多的测量方法中,激光散斑物体轮廓测量法测量精度最高,属非接触和全场测量,测量速度高,但其测量范围小。此外,三坐标机的测量精度高,已被广泛采用。但它只能进行接触测量,并且测量速度很慢。目前,三坐标机主要有两种:导轨式三坐标测量机和无导轨式三坐标仪,无导轨式三坐标测量仪在国内尚无同类产品问世。三坐标测量机的多功能测量台是一种高精度测量台。可同时装夹两只测量表或传感器对工件进行多参数测量。三坐标测量机广泛的应用于机械零件加工,模具制造等个方面。CLY系列单臂三为测量仪是一款具有较大测量范围的高精度测量设备,在设计时充分考虑了使用者对冲压件、仪表板件、塑料件、中型模具件的测量要求。由于采用开放式测量,从而保证了在现场、在模具制造和仿型、在部件检测和设计室里都可以方便的使用。特点: 1、 X轴移动方向的导轨采用天然花岗岩,并配备进口双直线导轨,三轴位移传感器采用进口金属反射光栅和读数头,结合空间误差修正技术,使用中处处体现高精度的3D测量。 2、 配件万向电子测头,并通过各种测头配件,既可以对远程和深孔进行数据采点,也能完成中、小型零部件的测量 3、 本测量仪具有方便的现场自校定功能,用户可根据实际情况进行精度校正,保证在不同环境温度下测量数据的真实可靠。三、 研究内容及实验方案目标:采用单臂实现三个方向的动作。 研究内容: 单臂实现三维测量,其中涉及的各种器件的选择原则。 拟解决的关键问题: 传动方式、电动机、传感器的选择。设计方案(须有文字和示意简图说明) 一、初步设定采用单臂完成三维空间的测量,采用接触式测量。二、对电动机进行选择,完成三个坐标的动作需选用三个电动机实现 。三、传动方式的确定。四、传感器的选择应用。题目的可行性分析:现代技术发展的今天,对产品的质量和精度的要求越来越高,那么对检测装置的需求量越来越大,对其质量精度要求也非常高。零件的检测和误差分析都需要测量装置来完成。本项目的创新之处 进给系统采用气动,很大程度上减少了再进给过程中的摩擦阻力,提高了测量精度。 四、 目标、主要特色及工作进度坐标测量机是一种具有很强柔性的尺寸测量设备,CMM在工业界的应用开始于对棱柱零件的快速、精确测量。但随着CMM各方面技术的发展(如回转工作触发式测头的产生),特别是计算机的CMM的出现,目前,CMM已广泛应用于对各类零件的自动检测。与投影仪、轮廓测量仪、圆度测量仪、激光测量仪等比较,CMM具有适应性强,功能完善等特点。坐标测量机的出现,不仅提高了检测设备的水平,而且在自动化检测中也是一个生重要的突破。CMM在自动化程度方面有很大的差别。计算机控制的CMM具有自动执行检测、分析检测数据和输出检测结果的功能,而一般的CMM仅有手动控制功能或手动控制加示教功能。目前,随着计算机硬件性能的提高和价格降低,绝大部分CMM均配有计算机,利用计算机可对测量所得的数据进行在线分析,以判别被控件是否合格。同时也可以使用统计技术来确定工艺能力是否满足,分析误差等来源。 除了再质量检测方面使用CMM外,CMM还可以用于对实物的仿物的信制加工中,即所谓逆向工程。在这种情况下,由CMM测量实际工件,并将测量所得的数据传到系统中,由CAD/CAM系统对这些数据进行加工处理,建立CAD模型,并进一步生成加工指令来指导加工。毕 业设计(论文)工作内容及完成时间:(1)查阅文献、熟悉相关软件使用,撰写开题报告; 2周(2)相关外文文献阅读与翻译(6000字符以上); 1周(3)三坐标测量机总体方案设计; 2周 (4)三坐标测量机传动系统设计计算; 2周 (5)三坐标测量机总体装配图设计; 4周 (6)三坐标测量机零部件工作图设计; 4周 (7)基于三坐标测量机的异形零件三维建模 1周 (8)毕业设计说明撰写 2周(9)答辩准备及毕业答辩 1周 五、 参考文献1 成大先 机械设计手册 。北京:化学工业出版社。 1997 2 东北重型机械学院等,机床夹具设计手册。上海:上海科学技术出版社,19983 王启平 机械制造工艺学。第三版 ,黑龙江:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,19944 徐立华 机械制造工程学 。北京:兵器工业出版社, 19975 程耀东 机械制造学 北京:中央广播电视大学出版社,19946 韩秋时 机械制造技术基础 ,武汉:华中理工大学出版社,19997 凌振邦 机械制造工程基础 ,北京:轻工业出版社,19888 卢秉恒 机械制造技术基础 ,北京:机械工业出版社,19999 朱正心 机械制造技术, 北京:机械工业出版社,199910 炽盛等 机械制造工程学 ,广州:华南理工大学出版社,1997 毕业设计(论文)题目: 三坐标测量机的机械结构设计及应用 系 别 航空工程系专业名称 机械设计制造及其自动化班级学号 078105225学生姓名 邱志庆 指导教师 贺红林二O一一 年 六 月 毕业设计(论文)题目: 系 别 专业名称 班级学号 学生姓名 指导教师 二O一 年 月 南昌航空大学科技学院学士学位论文Study and Design no Automation Control System of the Thermal Power Unit from the System Point of view.(1. Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics ,Nanjing 210016 China)(2. Taiyuan University of Technology ,Taiyuan 030024 China)Abstract: From the system point of view, the feature of the thermal power unit and the demand on its control system are analyzed and research in details in this paper. The character that the boils and the steam turbine are a whole of relative independence is fully considered. By coordinate control, the purpose of the optimal whole operating effect of the system is realize adopting the key techniques of communication, computer and intelligent information process etc. The adaptation and whole property of the system is emerged by interaction and coordination between subsystems.1 IntroductionThe system is an organic whole certain structure and function ,which consists of several element with interrelation , interdependence and interplay .The thermal power unit is a typical system ,composed of generator ,steam turbine ,boiler and many anxiliary equipment .Its main function is to produce the power load according to power network requirement .System engineering is the science used to study and design the complex system .In the meantime, It is also the theory and method used to deal with systems in term of definite aim in order to achieve the optimal whole of the system .From the system point of view, the coordinate control system of the thermal power unit has been studied and designed in this paper .2 Study and Design on Automation Control System of the Thermal Power unit from the System Point of View 2.1 Function of Automation Control System of the Power unit At first the thermal power unit as the controlled object is deeply studied before its automation control system is studied and designed .The thermal power unit is a huge group of equipments ,which is composed of generator, ,steam turbine ,boiler and many auxiliary equipments. Its process flow is complex and pipelines intervenient .Especially the large-scale power unit is a typical coupling ,nonlinear ,varying complex controlled object with multi-input and multi-output .Thousands of parameters are measured ,operated and controlled .The character of object is changeful because of many different operating modes and switch relation .With enlarging of industry production scale and the raising of peoples living standard ,the required quantity of power energy is increasing and the difference of apex and vale of power load is increasing .So the new and higher require is put forward for automation control system of the power unit .(1.)Load control :Along with the increase of the unit capacity ,early load control mode of “boiler follows steam turbine ”or “steam turbine follows boiler ” has not already satisfied the requirements so we must adopt more suitable load control scheme ,which is the unit coordinate control .(2.)Reliability: The design of system must be reliable, ensuring safe and economic operation of the unit .In addition, The tolerance fault, redundant technology ,self-diagnosis of software and hardware must be adopted to improve the reliability of system .(3.)Communication and man-machine interface: Because there are many parameters need to be measured and controlled and its varying speed is quick when the large scale unit is running , communication system must have quick real-time response and high reliability ;man-machine interface must be good at the operator station including operating terminal and large-area display that provides synthetic menus and information about the whole production process for the operators. 2.2 Structure of Automation Control system of the power unit The design of automation control system of thermal power unit mainly includes control, alarm monitor, protect etc . In accordance with the above analysis .So we divide the complex system into several subsystems in order to make the whole system optimal .(1.)Data acquisition system(DAS):It is information center of whole system and provides credible rapid objective operating records ,which is the base of safe and economical operating of equipments .Function of ,print of accident list and incident review ,property calculate ,operate guidance etc(2)Boiler control system :Boiler control system such as boiler combustion ,steam temperature ,feedwater ,auxiliary control system and the boiler safe supervisory system and boiler combustion management system. There subsystem coordinate each other and make boiler operate in safe ,efficient and steady state to satisfy the load instruction of power network in various operating modes .(3.)Steam turbine control system :Steam turbine control system realizes load control and rotative velocity control of steam turbine by DEH (Digital Electro-Hydraulic ).In addition ,the auxiliary system of steam turbine include the deoxygenation water lever control ,deoxygenation pressure control ,the condenser hot well water level control and the heater water lever control etc (4.)Auxiliary system :Besides the main systems mentioned above ,the auxiliary system also has by-pass control system etcThe main system and auxiliary system are a organic whole through close connection of information communication network .They are inter-permeable and .Inter-dependent so as to form the main part of the automation control system of the large-scale unit.2.3 Design of Automation Control System of the Thermal Power Unit From the system point of view, we analyze and study the principle of two basic feedback control method early that “boiler follows steam turbine” and “steam turbine follows boiler” in order to find out the existent problem ad be able to design more reasonable control method.2.3.1 Boiler follows steam turbine mode This kind of control mode is first to let steam turbine trail the needs of power network load ,then let boiler trail steam turbine .Its advantage is to be able to fully use the heat accumulation of boiler ,make the unit meet the change of power network load comparatively quickly. But because the inertia and delay of boiler are greater ,the regulation of former turbine pressure pt cannot follow the speed of load regulation, thus pt has greater fluctuation, which is disadvantageous to the steady operation of boiler .The range and speed change of the units output must be restricted .2.3.2. Steam turbine follows boiler mode This kind of control mode is first to let boiler train the needs of power network load, then let steam turbine train boiler .It can be better to maintain steam pressure stabilize and beneficial to boiler steady operation .But it do not fully utilize the heat accumulation f boiler to regulate the units output ,it is more slowly that the unit meets the loads demand ,so this control mode is only to be applied to the unit undertaking basic load .2.3.3 Coordinate control modAccording to the analysis above, it must use the heat accumulation of boiler fully and reasonably when the unit has better adaptability to power network load in safe operation. That is to let former turbine pressure changes, then to coordinate the interaction between two loops of power regulation and pressure regulation reasonably, so that units output meets the needs of the power network load promptly, and guarantee the control demand of unit steady operation. The practical method is to lead into properly feedforward control systems mentioned above and make boiler and steam turbine coordinate each other so that the schemes of various coordinate controls suitable to practical project can be attained, such as: coordinate control system based on“ boiler follows steam turbine” or“ steam turbine follows boiler”。. Basic function of coordinate control system. Coordinate control system of the thermal power unit should usually have following function:(l) select different load instruction according to the unit operating condition and the requirement of power network for the unit.(2) restrict the change rate of load instruction.(3). Calculate the biggest possible output of the unit and restrict the biggest and minimum amplitude of load.(4). Have the function of RUNBACK.(5). Select different running mode according to the unit operating condition.(6). Calculate actual unit output.(7). Let automation control system have enough steady abundant quantity and better wholeness.(8). Have necessary safe measures such as starting by-pass system and preventing steam turbine from exceeding the speed limit etc, when the unit and power network unite suddenly because of accident. Basic composition of coordinate control system of the unit. Now the coordinate control system of the unit is composed of two parts, which are load instruction process and coordinate control of boiler and steam turbine, shown as fig.1. Fig.1 Unit Coordinate Control SystemIn which, load instruction process is composed of unit calculation loop, unit Allowed load calculation loop and load restriction loop. Coordinate and steam turbine controller.. Implementation of coordinate control system of the thermal power unit Modern large-scale thermal power unit adopts distributed control system to realize the unit automation control that guarantees safe economic operation of the unit. TEKEPERM-ME of SIEMENS is chosen to realize coordinate control system of the thermal power unit including several parts shown as Fig.2.Fig 2 Implementation diagram of unit coordinate control systemWhen each subsystem of the unit normally run, start the mode of coordinate control mode. In this mode , steam turbine and boiler accept load instruction in parallel. Boiler maintains main steam pressure through changing combustion rate, and steam turbine pressure and set value. When the deviation of former turbine pressure and set value exceeds certain limit value, open degree instruction of steam value given by steam turbine main control loop is restricted, up to this deviation within the pressure control scope of the boiler.3. Conclusion. In one word, from the system point of view, the automation control system of the thermal power unit is divided into several subsystems as well as the design and implementation of unit coordinate control system is demonstrated in this paper. The large scale unit coordinate control has faster trailing performance and better stability and robustness. The purpose of the optimal whole operation effect of the unit is realized by coordinate the subsystems.Reference1Xiong Shuyan , Wangxingye ,Tianyan .Distributed Control System of thermal power plant ,Scientific Press .Beijing P.R China ,20003 2 Zhong xinyuan .Application of DEB Coordinated Control System in Thermal power plants ,electric power Science And Engineering ,2003(3):50-53.Author Biographies Jianyan Tian , associate professor ,is a Doctoral student in Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics .Her research is aimed at intelligent control ,System Engineering and Grey System theory .Lizhen pan is a student for Master Degree in 2002 .Her research is aimed at intelligent control theory and its application.研究与设计没有自动化控制系统从系统的角度对火电机组(1南京航空航天大学,南京210016中国)(2太原理工大学,太原030024中国)摘要:从系统的角度,对火电机组,并在其控制系统的需求特点进行了分析和研究在文中详细介绍。在沸腾的字符和蒸汽涡轮机是一种相对独立整体充分考虑。通过坐标控制,该系统的最优整体运行效果的目的,是实现采用通信,计算机和智能信息处理等关键技术.该系统的适应和整体物业应运而生子系统之间的相互作用和协调。1简介该系统是一个有机的整体一定的结构和功能,这与相互联系,相互依存和相互几个元素组成。火电机组是一个典型的系统,发电机,汽轮机,锅炉,许多anxiliary设备组成。它的主要功能是根据生产的电力负荷对电网的要求。系统工程来研究和设计复杂系统的科学。与此同时,这也是理论和方法用于明确的目标,在长期的系统的处理,以达到优化整个系统从系统的角度的。,坐标控制火电机组系统进行了研究,本文设计。2研究与设计自动化控制系统的火电机组从系统的角度2.1自动化控制系统功能
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