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自考网络培训班(/zk/kc/)-精品课程在线免费试听联展自考网(/zk/ks/)-中国最好的自考辅导资料网站全国2009年1月高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题课程代码:00830I.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,C,orDinthebrackets.(2%10=-20)1.Phoneticsprovidesthemeanstodescribethespeechsounds,showinghowtheydiffer;phonologytellsusthattheyfunctionas_,actingtocontrastwords.()A.soundsunitsB.soundfeaturesC.phonemesD.allophones2.Alphabeticspellingrepresentsthepronunciationofwords;butitisoftenthecasethatthesoundsofthewordsinalanguageareratherunsystematicallyrepresentedby_()A.writingB.orthographyC.transcriptionD.phonology3._morphemesarethosethatcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobecombinedwithothermorphemes,eitherfreeorbound,toformaword.()A.BoundB.FreeC.InflectionalD.Derivational4._categoriesrefertocombinationofwordsofdifferentcategories,suchasnounphrases(NP),verbphrases(VP)inEnglish.()A.LexicalB.PhrasalC.SemanticD.Logical5.Insemanticanalysisofasentence,a(n)_isalogicalparticipantinapredication,largelyidenticalwiththenominalelement(s)inasentence.()A.argumentB.subjectC.objectD.attribute6.Ofthethreespeechactsaspeakermightbeperformingsimultaneouslywhenspeaking,linguistsaremostinterestedinthe_actbecauseitisidenticalwiththespeakersintention.()A.performativeB.constativeC.illocutionaryD.perlocutionary7.MiddleEnglishbeganwiththearrivaloftheNormanFrenchinvadersinEnglandunderWilliamtheConquerorin1066.ForaboutacenturyandahalfaftertheNormanConquest,MiddleEnglishwasheavilyinfluencedbyFrench,mostnoticeablyinlargeandcentralareasof_.()A.vocabularyB.pronunciation自考网络培训班(/zk/kc/)-精品课程在线免费试听联展自考网(/zk/ks/)-中国最好的自考辅导资料网站C.morphologyD.syntax8.Dependingonthedemandsofaparticularcommunicativesituation,bilingualormultilingualspeakersmaychangebetweenlanguagevarietiesinthemiddleofspeechoreveninthemiddleofasentence.Suchasituationisknownas_.()A.bilingualismB.multilingualismC.diglossiaD.code-switching9.Languagedisorderresultingfromadamageto_areainthebrainrevealsword-findingdifficultiesandproblemswithsyntax.()A.WernickesB.BrocasC.GagesD.Genies10.StudiesontheeffectsofformalinstructiononsecondlanguageacquisitionshowthatformalinstructionmayhelplearnersperformsometypesoftasksEXCEPT_.()A.plannedspeechB.writingC.career-orientedexamD.casualandspontaneousconversationII.Directions:Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%10=10%)l1.Mlinguistics,unlikethelinguisticstudynormallyknownas“grammar”whichsetsmodelsandrulesforlanguageuserstofollow,ismostlydescriptive,i.e.,itattemptstodescribethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,beit“correct”ornot.12.Manylanguages,includingEnglish,havevowelscalledd,whichcouldalsobedescribedasasequenceoftwovowels.13.Arisoftenseenaspartofaword;itcanneverstandbyitselfalthoughitbearsclear,definitemeaning;itmustbecombinedwithanothersimilarformoranaffixtoformaword.14.Inacomplexsentence,theincorporated,orsubordinate,clauseisnormallycalledaneclause.15.IntheEnglishvocabularytherearetwocategoriesofwords:nwordsandborrowedwords.16.“Yourmoneyoryourlife!”aimstothreaten,anditisaspecificinstanceofd17.Backformationreferstoaprocessbywhichnewwordsarecoinedfromalreadyexistingwordsbytakingawayanathoughttobepartoftheoldword,forexample,editderivedfromeditoronthemistakenassumptionthat“-or”wastheagentivesuffix.18.Inthe1969editionoftheAmericanHeritageDictionary,examplesusedtoillustratethemeaningofwordsinclude“manlycourageand“masculinecharm.Womendonotfareaswell.asexemplifiedby“womanishtearsand“feminine自考网络培训班(/zk/kc/)-精品课程在线免费试听联展自考网(/zk/ks/)-中国最好的自考辅导资料网站wiles.Thisindicatesthatlanguagereflectssinsociety.19.Thecperiodhypothesisreferstoaperiodinoneslifeextendingfromaboutagetwotopuberty,duringwhichthehumanbrainismostreadytoacquireaparticularlanguage.20.Althoughtheylackgrammaticalmorphemes,tsentencesinthemultiwordstagearenotsimplywordsrandomlystrungtogether,butfollowtheprinciplesofsentenceformation.III.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandthengivethecorrectversion.(2%10=20)21.()Animalcommunicationsystemalsopossessesthefeatureofdisplacement.Inotherwords,itcanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituations.22.()Vowelsusuallyconstitutethenucleusofsyllable,sotheyaretypicallysyllabic.Consonantscannotbesyllabic.ThesameistrueofEnglishconsonants.23.()X-bartheoryandphrasestructurerulesaresimilar,andtheyplaythesamerolesinexplainingtheinternalstructuresoflanguage.24.()Transformationalrulesaretherulesthatweusetogeneralizethesyntacticmovementthatoccurswhenaconstituentinasentencemovesoutofitsoriginalplacetoanewposition.25.()Agrammaticallywell-formedsentencemaybeasemanticallyill-formedsentence.26.()WhileconversationparticipantsnearlyalwaysobservetheCooperativePrinciple,theydonotalwaysobservethesemaximsstrictly.27.()TheGreatVowelShiftdidnotleadtothediscrepanciesbetweenthepronunciationandthespellingsystemofModenEnglish.28.()Diglossiadescribesanystablelinguisticsituation,inwhichthereexistsastrictgrammaticaldifferentiationbetweenahighvarietyorH-varietyandalowvarietyorL-variety.29.()Languagefunctionsarebelievedtobelateralizedprimarilyintherighthemisphereofthebrain.30.()Nolanguageisinferiororsuperiortoanyotherlanguage,andnosinglehuman,exceptthosewithmentalorphysicalimpairments,isabetterorworselanguageacquirerthananyotherhuman.IV.Directions:Explainthefollowingterms,usingoneortwoexamplesforillustration,ifnecessary.(310=30)
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