长春自考培训资料高级英语泛读（一）（1）.doc

高级英语阅读（一）（1）I.MultipleChoice(20%,1%each）Directions:ChoosethebestanswerfromthefollowingsentencesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Thereisonlyonecorrectanswer.1.Sincethesituationhaschanged,wehaveto_b_makingadecision.A.deferB.postponeC.delayingD.announce2.Hegivesagood_b_ofalionsroar.A.immigrationB.imitationC.limitationD.intimidation3.Theyputup_c_allroundthetownadvertisingthecircusA.drawingsB.announcementsC.postersD.pictorials4.Thegovernment_b_moneyintobasicconstructionsuchashighwaysandtelecommunicationsthelatesttenyears.A.hasputB.hasbeenpumpingC.haspulledD.hasprovided5.Heservedusapininghot_b_ofoystersandbacon.A.barbecueB.grillC.bakingD.roasting6.Eyecontactisimportantbecausewrongcontactmaycreateacommunication_d_.A.tragedyB.vacuumC.questionD.barrier7.Theuniversehasmorethan100billionseparatesystemsofstarsandgasknownas_b_.A.satellitesB.galaxiesC.planetsD.comets8.Itissaidthatthefingerprintsfoundontheriflewillbeusedto_c_him.A.chargeB.accuseC.convictD.sue9.Therewasonceatowninthiscountrywherealllifeseemedtolivein_b_withitssurroundings.A.coincidenceB.harmonyC.uniformD.alliance10.Thechildren_a_roundtheteacherassheexplainedsomething.A.clusteredB.joinedC.unitedD.lined11.Theprofessorisgivinga_a_onancientGreekvasestomorrow.A.seminarB.scheduleC.curriculumD.coach12.Bymovingradarbeamaroundslowlyincircles,wecan_a_thesurroundings.A.exploreB.exposeC.exploitedD.expand13.Thereal_c_ofamanliesinwhatheis,notinwhathehas.A.solemnityB.gravityC.dignityD.grandness14.InAfrica,educationalcostsareverylowforthosewhoare_b_enoughtogetintouniversities.A.ambitiousB.fortunateC.aggressiveD.substantial15.WellvisitEuropenextyear_a_wehaveenoughmoney.A.providedB.unlessC.untilD.lest16.Alreadytheclassis_b_aboutwhoournewteacherwillbe.A.foreseeingB.speculatingC.fabricatingD.contemplating17.We_d_herbirthdaybygoingouttoarestaurant.A.greetedB.joinedC.congratulatedD.celebrated18.Shehadsome_b_ideathatIwaspoisoningher.A.domesticB.fantasticC.optimisticD.enthusiastic19.Thisisthe_b_pianoonwhichthecomposercreatedsomeofhisgreatestworks.A.trueB.originalC.realD.genuine20._a_asecondtimeonMarch4,1901,WilliamMckinleylookedforwardtoanewterm.A.InauguratedB.InitiatedC.InvestedD.InsertedIIICompletethefollowingsentencesusingappropriateformsofthewordsgivenbelow.(10%,1%each).concessionreversepreeminentlysolemnlyforegathermelodioussumptuousunparalleledstaggerrevere31.Duringthepastfewyearsthegovernment_hasstaggered_thesummervacationperiodsforstudents.32.Shespokeinaquietly_melodious_voice.33.ItappearsthatBritainhasmadesweeping_concessions_toChinainordertoreachasettlement.34.Thehonoredguestsenjoyedanevenmore_sumptuous_banquetaftertheclosingceremony.35.Ifyouknowwhatyouaredoingwillservetoimprovehumanlife,thenworkbecomesrespected,even_revered_.36.PresidentRooseveltwasdefinitelya_preeminent_figureineconomicandpoliticalpoliciesintheGreatDepression.37.Germanys_unparalleled_prosperityisbasedonwiseinvestments.38.Shemadea_solemn_promisetohimwhentheybecameengagedthatshewouldgiveupcigarettesforgood.39.Becausethenormalwordorderis_reversed_inpassivesentences,theyaresometimeshardtofollow.40.TheChinesestudentsabroad_foregather_regularly.IV.FastReading(SkimmingandScanning)(10%,1%each)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestions.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B)C),D),Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.AvoidNightMistakesinHospitalScaryStatisticsaboutHospitalNightmareTherearemanyreasonstofeelanxiouswhenenteringahospital.Aprilsstudyshowedthat248000patientdeathsoverathree-yearperiodwerepreventable.Whatslesswidelyknown,atleasttothegeneralpublic,isthatmistakestendtomultiplyonthenightshift.Youwontfinditinanyhospitalbrochure,butwithinthemedicalworld,thedangersafterdarkarewell-known.A2005studyof3.3millionbirthsinCaliforniafoundthatbabiesbornlateatnightwere16percentmorelikelytodiethanthoseborninthedaytime.Otherresearchesfoundthatpatientsgoingintocardiacarrestatnightweemorelikelytodie.Inareviewofpharmacyandpatientrecords,significantlymoremedicationerrorsweremadeatnight.Daytimedeathscanalsobeattributedtonighttimehospitalerrors:ananalysisof15hospitalsfoundthatkidsadmittedatnightweremorelikelytodiewithin48hours.Whyhasthenightshiftbecomesorisky?Somereasonsarestatistical.Nighttimesurgery,forinstance,isperformedonlyonhigh-risk,acute-emergencypatients,whereasscheduledoperationscarryalowerriskofcomplications.Anotherkeyreason:skeletoncrews.Yourenotlikelytoseemanytopsurgeonsandspecialistsatfourinthemorning.Anditsnotjustdoctorswhoarehomesleeping.“Atnightyouhavefewerresourcesinmentalhealth,socialservices,directorsandadministrators,”saysMichelleConer,aregisterednurseattheCodmanSquareHealthCentreinBoston.“Therearejustfewerpeopletobouncethingsoff.”Fewerpeople,andlessexperience.Sinceworkerswithsenioritytendtogetfirstdibs(权利)onthedaytimepositions,thenightshiftisoftenstaffedwithnewbies(新手)rightdowntothenursingassistantsandlabtechnicians.Youhavetolearnsometime,andmoreoftenthannot,on-the-jobtraininghappensinthemiddleofthenight.“FallingAsleepatEveryTrafficLight:Anotherfactorcontributingtonightshifterrorsisthemilitary-stylehierarchyofthemedicalestablishment,whichdiscouragesadvocacybyunderlings.Nightstaffersareoftenloathtowakeupaseniorphysicianiftheyhaveaconcernaboutapatient.HelenHaskellsaysitwasherimpressiontheasapatientsconditionclearlyworsened,“residentsandnursesarehesitant,toputitmildly,todisturbanyonewhowasnotatthehospital.Thisincludedtheso-calledchiefresident,ofwhomtheinternwasclearlyterrified.Thechiefresident,actuallyaseniorresidentonhispediatricrotation,wasapparentlyequallydeterminednottodisturbtheattendingphysician.”Finally,fatigueisamajorcontributortonightshifterrors.Hospitalstaffworknotoriouslylonghours-24-hourshiftsand80-hourworkweeksarecommonforresidentsandinterns-andfatiguetendstobeworseatnight.LastSeptember,forexample,aHarvardMedicalSchoolstudyshowedthatinternsonthenightshiftinjuredthemselvestwiceasoftenasthoseworkingduringtheday.Aretiredsurgeonremembersharrowingcommutesafterlonghospitalshifts:”Irecallfallingasleepateverytrafficlightonthewayhome.Thecarsbehindmewouldhonktowakemeup.Myfeelingisthatnooneinhospitals,includingadministrationstaff,shouldworklonghoursthatwillinanywaycompromisethehealthofpatients.”FrighteningPlaceEveninthefinesthospitals,withtopnotchsurgeons,thenightshiftcanbealonelyandfrighteningplace.Inlate2003journalistMelindaHennebergerwasrecoveringfrombreastcancersurgeryinaspecialICUwardatUCLAMedicalCentre.“Myhusbandhadtostayhome,becausehowscarieritwouldbeforourtwokidsifwewerebothgone.”sheremembers.“Butmybestfriend,Mary,didflyinfromOregon.Iwasonthetablefor12hours,andwhenIcameout,theyputmeonamorphinedrip.Nauseated,Idstarttovomit(呕吐),thenchoke,IwasthirstierthanIdeverbeen,butIcouldntdrinkanything.MarywastheretofeedmeicechipsandholdmeupwhenIchoked.Afewtimes,wepushedthebuttonforhelp,butnoonerespondedforquiteawhile.Sometimestheynevercameatall.IfIdbeenonmyownandchoking,ImnotsurehowIwouldhavemadeitthroughthenight.ThewholethingwasDantesque.Myadvicetoanyonegoinginforsurgeryanywherewouldbe,byallmeans,getsomebodytostaywithyouthroughthenight.”AspokespersonforUCLAsaysthatthehospital“assignsonenurseforatleasteverytwopatientsintheICUbothnightandday.”PromotingTeamworkandCommunicationTheMedicalUniversitysettledfor$950000withoutalawsuit.AportionofthemoneywasplowedintoMothersAgainstMedicalError,anactivistgroupfoundedbyHelen,whonowworksfull-timeasapatientadvocate.Hereffortsledtothepassage,in2005,oftheLewisBlackmanHospitalPatientSafetyAct,whichrequiresallphysiciansinSouthCarolinatowearidentificationdescribingtheirrank.Hospitalstaffmustalsocallanattendingphysicianifapatientasks.Fatalhospitalmistakesonthenightshiftcostlives,careersandmillionsofdollarsinlegalfees,boostinghealthcarecostsatatimewhenmanyAmericanscanbarelyaffordtogetacavityfilled,letalonepayfornecessarysurgery.Soseveralschools,includingthoseatVillanovaUniversityandtheUniversityofFlorida,aredevelopingcomputeranalysisprogramsthatallocatenursingstaffwheretheyreneededmost.Otherexpertsaregrapplingwiththemedicalestablishmentslumberinghierarchy,consideredbymanytobeoutdatedinatimewhenlife-and-deathdecisionsmustbemadewithlightningspeed.Instillingthevalueofteamworkbeginsinmedicalschool.AttheUniversityofMinnesota,theschoolsofmedicine,nursingandpharmacologyareallononecampustofacilitateinteraction.Thestudentsparticipateinsimulatedhigh-riskscenariossetuplikecontests.“Tosucceed,theyhavetoknowwhattheotherpeopleontheteamaredoing,andhowtocommunicate,”saysDr.CarolLey,chairmanoftheUniversityofMinnesotaMedicalCentresboard.Dr.Leyhasfirsthandexperiencewithmedicalerror:Herseven-year-olddaughter,Jacquelyn,couldhavediedafteramorphinepumpwasmistakenlysettoohigh.Ithappenedduringthenightshift,followingsurgeryforashatteredelbow；fortunately,Dr.Ley,spendingthenightinherdaughtersroom,noticedJacquelynwasbarelybreathing.41.Whichdangersarewell-knownwithinthemedicalworld,butlesswidelyknowntothegeneralpublic?cA)Theemergencyofthepatientsconditions.B)Hospitalslackofmedicalequipmentsatnight.C)HospitalsmistakesonthenightshiftsatnightD)Hospitalslackofdoctorsatnight42.AllthefiguresgiveninParagraph2aimto_c_A)showthe2005studysauthorityB)errorsshowthenumberofincidentshappenedatnightC)givesupporttothefacthowriskynightshiftisD)giveevidencetothefactthatitislackofmedicalstaffatnight43.MichelleConerbelievesthat_c_iftherearemoredoctorsatnight.A)patientscangaincompensationfromhospitalsB)therewouldbenonightshifterrorsC)someofthenightshifterrorsmightbepreventableD)patientswontbeanxious44.Whatistheemotionofthenightstafferswhenwakingupthedoctorsduringthenight?bA)AnxiousB)UnwillingC)GladD)disappointed45.“FallingAsleepatEveryTrafficLight”meansthatthehospitalstaffare_b_.A)notresponsibleforthepatientsB)exhaustedafterworkinglonghoursC)loathtowakeuptheattendingphysicianD)scaredatnight46.Whatdoestheword“Dantesque”in“FrighteningPlace”mean?cA)HopelessB)FancyC)ScaryD)Mysterious47.HelenHaskellnowworksasafull-timepatientadvocateinorderto_a_.A)requirethehospitalstafftocalltheattendingphysicianifapatientasksB)helppatientsgaincompensationC)promotingteamworkandcommunicationD)hidethehospitalsmistakes48._Themilitary-stylehierarchy_ofthemedicalestablishmentleadstoalotofnightshiftmistakesanddiscouragesadvocacybyunderlings.49.MelindaHennebergersuggeststhatpatientswhoaregoinginforsurgery_getsomebodytostaywithyouthroughthenight_.50.AttheUniversityofMinnesota,medicalstudentsbegintolearnthevalueof_teamwork_.VReadingComprehension(30%,2%each)Directions:Readpassage1-3carefullyandanswerthefollowingquestionsbychoosingthebestalternative(a,b,cord)undereach.Passage1Inthelast500years,nothingaboutpeoplenottheirclothes,ideas,orlanguages-haschangedasmuchaswhattheyeat.TheoriginalchocolatedrinkwasmadefromtheseedsofthecocoatreebySouthAmericanIndians.TheSpanishintroducedittotherestoftheworldduringthe1500s.Andalthoughitwasveryexpensive,itquicklybecamefashionable.InLondon,shopswherechocolatedrinkswereservedbecameimportantmeetingplaces.Somestillexisttoday.ThepotatoisalsofromtheNewWorld.Around1600,theSpanishbroughtitfromPerutoEurope,whereitsoonwaswidelygrown.IrelandbecamesodependentonitthatthousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedwhenthecropfailedduringthePotatoFamineof1845-1846,andthousandsmorewereforcedtoleavetheirhomelandandmovetoAmerica.TherearemanyotherfoodsthathavetraveledfromSouthAmericatotheOldWorld.Butsomeotherswentintheoppositedirection.Brazilisnowtheworldslargestgrowerofcoffee,andcoffeeisanimportantcropinColombiaandotherSouthAmericancountries.ButitisnativetoEthiopia,acountryinAfrica.ItwasfirstmadeintoadrinkbyArabsduringthe1400s.AccordingtoanArabiclegend,coffeewasdiscoveredwhenapersonnamedKaldinoticedthathisgoatswereattractedtotheredberriesonacoffeebush.Hetriedoneandexperiencedthewide-awakefeelingthatone-thirdoftheworldspopulationnowstartsthedaywith.51Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowinghaschangedthemostinthelast500years?aAFood.BClothing.CIdeology.DLanguage.52SomeinthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphreferstocAsomecocoatrees.Bsomechocolatedrinks.Csomeshops.DsomeSouthAmericanIndians.53ThousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedduringthePotatoFaminebecausedAtheyweresodependentonpotatoesthattheyrefusedtoeatanythingelseBtheywereforcedtoleavetheirhomelandandmovetoAmerica.CtheweatherconditionsinIrelandwerenotsuitableforgrowingpotatoes.Dthepotatoharvestwasbad.54Whichcountryisthelargestcoffeeproducer?aABrazil.BColombia.CEthiopia.DEgypt.55.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue,accordingtothepassage?bAOnethirdoftheworldspopulationdrinkscoffee.BCoffeeisnativetoColombia.CCoffeecankeeponeawake.DCoffeedrinkswerefirstmadebyArabs.Passage2In1960-1961,Chadharvested9800tonsofcottonseedforthefirsttimeinitshistory,andputouttheflagalittletoosoon.Theeffortsoftheauthoritiestogetthepeasantsbacktowork,astheyhadslackedoffagreatdealthepreviousyearduringindependencecelebrations,largelycontributedtoit.Also,rainswerewellspaced,andcontinuedthroughthewholemonthofOctober.Ifthe1961-1962totalisbacktotheregionof45000tons,itismostlybecauseeffortsslackenedagainandsowingwasstartedtoolate.TheaveragedateofsowingisaboutJuly1st.Ifthisdateissimplymovedupfifteenortwentydays,30000to60000tonsofcottonaregained,dependingontheyear.ThepeasantinChadsowshismilletfirst,anditishardtocriticizethisinstinctiveprioritygiventohisdailybread.Anessentialreasonforhislatenesswithsowingcottonisthatatthetimewhenheshouldleavetopreparethefieldshehasjustbarelysoldthecottonofthepreviousseason.Theworkrequiredtosow,ingreatheat,ispsychologicallyfarmoredifficultifonespocketsarefullofmoney.Thedateofcottonsalesshouldthereforebemovedforwardasmuchaspossible,andpurchasesofequipmentanddraughtanimalsencouraged.Peasantsshouldalsobeencouragedtosavemoney,tohelpthemthroughthedifficultperiodbetweenharvests.Ifnecessarytheyshouldbeforcedtodoso,byhavingthepaymentsforcottongiventothemininstallments.Thelastpaymentwouldbemadeafterproofthatthepeasanthasplantedbeforethedeadline,thedatebeingadvancedtotheendofJune.Thosewhohavedonesowouldreceiveextramoneywhereasthelastplanterswouldnotreceivetheirlastpaymentuntillater.Onlythefirststepsarehard,becauseonceworkhasstartedthepeasantscontinuewillinglyontheirway.Educationalcampaignsamongthepeasantswillplayanessentialroleinthisbasicadvance,earlysowing,onwhichalltheothersdepend.Itisnotamatterofcontrollingthepeasants.Eachpeasantwillremainmasterofhisfields.Onecould,however,suggesttheneedforthetimebeingofkindbutfirmrule,which,aslongasitcannotberealizedbythepeople,shouldatleastbeforthepeople.56.In1960-1961,Chadhadagoodharvestofcottonbecaused.A）thegovernmentgreatlyencouragedpeasantsB）rainsfavoredthegrowthofcottonC）ChadgainedindependenceinthepreviousyearD）BothA）andB）57.Welearnfromthepassagethatthedateofsowingcottonisusuallyc.A）onJune15thB）onJuly15thC）onJuly1stD）onJuly20th58.Asusedinthethirdsentenceofthesecondparagraph,dailybreadreferstod.A）breakfastB）breadandbutterC）riceD）millet59.Inordertohelpthemthroughthedifficulttimebetweenharveststhepeasantshavetob.A）sellcottoninadvanceB）beencouragedtosavemoneyC）sowcottonintimeD）plantmilletfirst60.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?bA）Educationalcampaignsareveryimportanttoearlysowing.B）Ofalltheadvancesthatthewriterhopesfor,earlysowingisthemostimportant.C）Peasantsshouldremainthemastersoftheirfields.D）Governmentmightaswellmakegoodandfirmruleforpeasants.Passage3Notallsleepisthesameeverynight.Weexperiencesomedeep,quietsleepandsomeactivesleep,whichiswhendreamshappen.Youmightthinksleepwalkingwouldhappenduringactivesleep,butapersonisntphysicallyactiveduringactivesleep.Sleepwalkingusuallyhappensinthefirstfewhoursofsleepinthestagecalledslow-waveordeepsleep.Nowallsleepwalkersactuallywalk.Somesimplysituporstandinbedoractliketheyreawakewheninfact,theyresleep!Most,however,dogetupandmovearoundforafewsecondsorforaslongashalfanhour.Sleepwalkerseyesareopen,buttheydontseethesamewaytheydowhentheyreawakeandoftenthinktheyreindifferentroomsofthehouseordifferentplacesaltogether.Sleepwalkerstendtogobacktobedontheirownandtheywontrememberitinthemorning.Researchersestimatedthatabout15%ofkidssleepwalkregularly.Sleepwalkingmayruninfamiliesandsometimesoccurswhenapersonissick,hasafever,isnotgettingenoughsleep,orisstressed.Ifsleepwalkingoccursfrequently,everynightorso,itsagoodideaforyourmomordadtotakeyoutoseeyourdoctor.Butoccasionalsleepwalkinggenerallyisntsomethingtoworryabout,althoughitmaylookfunnyorevenscaryforthepeoplewhoseeasleepwalkerinaction.Althoughoccasionalsleepwalkingisntabigdeal,itsimportant,ofcourse,thatthepersoniskeptsafe,precautionsshouldbetakensothepersonislesslikelytofalldown,runintosomething,orwalkoutthefrontdoorwhilesleepwalking.61.Sleepwalkingusuallyoccurs_a_.A.duringdeepsleepB.duringactivesleepC.duringdreamsD.duringquiethours62.Whichistrueofmostsleepwalkers?dA.theysimplysitupB.theysimplystandinbedC.theyactliketheyreawakewhenasleepD.theygetupandwalkforsometime63.Sleepwalkersusuallygobacktobed_c_.A.afterwakingupB.afterbeingwokenupC.bythemselvesD.withthehelpofothers64.Youdbettergoandseeadoctorifyou_d_.AcomeacrosssleepwalkingoftenBhaveneverexperiencedsleepwalkingCsleepwalkoccasionallyDsleepwalkfrequently65.Precautionsshouldbetakento_b_.A.preventpeoplefromsleepwalkingB.keepsleepwalkerssafeC.avoidrunningintosleepwalkersD.ensurethesafetyofpeopleasleepVI.Answerquestions.(10%,5%each)Directions:AllthequestionsarebasedonReadingPassage4.Answerthequestionsbrieflyandbesuretoanswerthemwithyourownwords.Passage41.Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmaybecomeadrivingforce.WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.Itsscientistsweretheworldsbest,itsworkersthemostskilled.AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.2.Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.Justasinevitably,theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.Bythemid-1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingindustrialcompetitiveness.SomehugeAmericanindustries,suchasconsumerelectronics,hadshrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.By1987therewasonlyoneAmericantelevisionmakerleft,Zenith.(Nowthereisnone:ZenithwasboughtbySouthKoreasLGElectronicsinJuly。)Foreign-madecarsandtextilesweresweepingintothedomesticmarketAmericasmachine-toolindustrywasontheropes.Forawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty。3.Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.Americansstoppedtakingprosperityforgranted.Theybegantobelievethattheirwayofdoingbusinesswasfailing,andthattheirincomeswouldthereforeshortlybegintofallaswell.Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmericasindustrialdecline.Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfromoverseas。4.Howthingshavechanged!In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyearsofsolidgrowthwhileJapanhasbeenstruggling.FewAmericansattributethissolelytosuchobviouscausesasadevalueddollarortheturningofthebusinesscycle.Self-doubthasyieldedtoblindpride.“Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearnttobemorequick-witted,”accordingtoRichardCavanagh,executivedeanofHarvardsKennedySchoolofGovernment,“ItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowourbusinessesareimprovingtheirproductivity,”saysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athink-tankinWashington,DC.AndWilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeoplewilllookbackonthisperiodas“agoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates。”66.WhydidtheU.S.achieveitspredominanceafterWorldWar?Becausethewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotentialcompetitors.AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsians.67.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?Intensecompetitionmaycontributetoeconomicprogress。Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfromoverseas。68.Translationofparagraph1-长时间不费力而成功的历史可能成为一种可怕的障碍，但若处理得当，它也有可能转化为一种积极动力。二战后，美国就进入了这样的一个辉煌的历史时期。它拥有比任何竞争者大八倍的市场，这使其工业经济规模前所未有。它的科学家是世上最优秀的，它的工人是技术最好的。美国及其民众的富庶是那些经济遭到战争破坏的欧洲人和亚洲人连做梦也不敢想的。69.Translationofparagraph3-所有这一切导致了信心危机。美国人不再视繁荣为理所当然之事。他们开始怀疑自己的商业经营方式出了问题，也怀疑不久他们的收入就会下降。20世纪80年代中期对美国工业衰退的原因作了一次又一次的调查。那些有时耸人听闻的结果中充满着对来自国外的加剧的经济竞争的警告。高级英语阅读（一）（2）IMultipleChoice(20%,1%each)Directions:ChoosethebestanswerfromthefollowingsentencesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Thereisonlyonecorrectanswer.1.Thechildrenplayeda_a_ontheirteacher.A.trickB.robC.misleadD.deceive2.Westayedattheseasidefora_a_.A.fortnightB.twoweeksC.forthcomingD.midnight3.Hearingthesadnews,theglass_a_fromhishandandfellintopieces.A.slidB.slippedC.glidedD.slided4._b_musicisverypopularinthisarea.A.FoldB.FolkC.BoldD.Chin5.GreatasNewtonwas,manyofhisideas_c_todayandarebeingmodifiedbytheworkofscientistsofourtime.A.aretochallengeB.maybechallengedC.havebeenchallengedD.arechallenging6.TheOxfordEnglishDictionaryisthebest_b_onEnglishwords.A.rightB.authorityC.wayD.author7.Theremarkable_b_oflifeontheGalapagosIslandsinspiredCharlesDarwintoestablishhistheoryofevolution.A.classificationB.varietyC.densityD.diversion8.Thecompanysfailurewasmainlyduetoitsbad_b_.A.runB.managementC.dealD.handle9.Metals_c_astheybecomecool.A.contrastB.reduceC.contractD.eliminate10.Charitytowardothersisthe_d_ofherphilosophy.A.theoryB.principleC.conditionD.basis11.Ournewhouseisvery_b_formeasIcangettotheofficeinfiveminutes.A.adaptableB.convenientC.availableD.comfortable12.Theirnewhouse_c_bytheriver.A.liesinB.locationC.islocatedD.islied13.Thedistantcountryisso_d_thatIdontwanttogobacktothenoisycity.A.peaceB.atpeaceC.peaceableD.peaceful14.Peoplebustle_c_shoppingfortheChristmas.A.overB.forC.aboutD.at15.Thebestwaytodealwitharudemanisto_a_him.A.ignoreB.neglectC.omitD.overlook16.Thepeoplelivingintheseapartmentshavefree_a_tothatswimmingpool.A.accessB.excessC.excursionD.recreation17.Heisquitesurethatits_a_impossibleforhimtofulfillthetaskwithintwodays.A.absolutelyB.exclusivelyC.fullyD.roughly18.Todrivesafely,youshouldcheckand_c_thebrakesregularly.A.achieveB.attachC.adjustD.admire19.Ingeneral,theamountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifthofthetotal_b_forlivingexpenses.A.acceptableB.availableC.advisableD.applicable20.Carshave_a_horsesasthenormalmeansoftransport.A.replacedB.changedC.improvedD.defeatedIIICompletethefollowingsentencesusingappropriateformsofthewordsgivenbelow.(10%,1%each).31.Poetryandsong_seduce_oneintothinkinglovecontinueswithoutinterruption.32.Therevivalofthelanguage,particularlyamongyoungpeople,ispartofa/an_resurgence_ofnationalidentitysweepingthroughthissmall,proudnation.33.Sloppywork_enrages_ameticulousperson.34.Thechrysanthemumssprayoutfroma/an_exquisite_vase.35.Newhighwayswerebeingconstructedata/an_frantic_pacetoaccommodatethecarsbeingsnappedupbythemiddleclass.36.Thenaturalmenhaveonlytwo_primal_passionstogetandbeget.37.Theprogramwasgivenatrialrunto_gauge_viewersreactions.38.Itisvividlydepictedinthecartoonthataboyisrunningalongtheracetrackwith_painstaking_efforts.39.Allthearchaeologistsontheexcavationsitestoodin_awesome_silencebeforetheancientruins.40.Zealwithoutprudenceis_frenzy_.IV.FastReading(SkimmingandScanning)(10%,1%each）Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestions.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B)C),D),Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.AmericasTop5CleanestCitiesWhatIsaCleanCity?Ideally,itsaplacewheretheairqualityisgood,thewaterissafetodrink,andfactoriesarentdumpingharmfulchemicalwasteintotheenvironment.Itsalsoaplacewhereyoulookupanddownstreetsthatarefreeofgarbage,andstrollthroughparkswithoutwadingthroughlitter.SanFranciscoBackground:Onceaprominentshippingandmanufacturingcentre,SanFrancisconowhasboomingfinancialandbusinesssectors.Since1980,thecityspopulationhasincreasedbymorethanathirdanditspercapitaincomeranksamongthenationshighest.Fewplaceshaveacitizenrythatismoreenvironmentallyconscious.Problems:Likenearlyeverytraffic-cloggedurbanarea,SanFranciscohasstruggledwithhighemissionsofgreenhousegases.ItsHuntersPointareaishometotwopollutingpowerplantsandahighlycontaminatedNavalShipyard.In2002,anationalreportfoundthatwhilethesourcewaterwassafe,itstapwatercontainedhighlevelsofacancer-causingpollutantknownasTTHM.Solutions:ThecitysEnvironmentDepartmentsomethingmanymunicipalitieslackisseekingtoclosethepowerplantsatHuntersPoint,andthefederalEPAisoverseeingamassivecleanupoftheshipyardthere.Meanwhile,SanFranciscoisintheforefrontofeffortstopromotetheuseofclean-airvehicles,withitspublictransportationleadingtheway.Thecitysbusfleet-over700electric-drivevehicles-willbeconvertedtothisclean-airtechnologyby2020.Asforconcernsaboutitsdrinkingwater,SanFranciscorespondedbymodifyingitswatertreatmentprocess,whichbroughttheTTHMlevelsbackdownintothesafezone.Finally,thelocalgovernmentisfindingwaystopushenergysavings.Columbus,OhioBackground:Itwastheonlymajorcityinthestattogrowinpopulation.Itseconomyislightonindustry-lessthan12%ofitsjobforceworksinthemanufacturingsector.Thebiggrowthhasbeeninfinancialandinsurancebusinesses,aswellasretail.Meanwhile,percapitaincomeisslightlybelowour50-cityaverage.Problems:Columbusssteadydevelopmenthasmadeittoughtokeepthecityswatershedsclean.Also,anagingstormwaterandundergroundwatersystemhascausedoverflowsinrecentyears.Litterhasbeenamanageableproblem,althoughColumbushasarecyclingrateofjust4%.Andfinally,thelate1990sweremarkedbyasuddenincreaseinuglygraffiti(涂鸦)onbothpublicandprivateproperty.Solutions:Themayorrecentlyunveiledanewinitiative,“GetGreenColumbus”whichestablishedanOfficeofEnvironmentalStewardship.Alsounderwayisaprogramtoupdatethesewageandstormwatersystems.Columbushascommittedtoremovinggraffitiwithintwodaysofitsappearance.ThroughthecitysNeighborhoodPrideprogram,ahandfultocommunitieseachyeargetasolidweekofconcentratedcleanup,includingtreetrimming(修剪),bulktrashpickupandlitterremoval.Buffalo,NewYorkBackground:LongknownasaRustBeltcitywheresteelwasking,Buffalowashithardwhenindustrywentintosteepdeclineovertwodecadesago.Assteelplantsshutdown,Buffalowasfordedtorebuilditseconomyfromthegroundup.ButwiththecleanhydroelectricenergygeneratedbynearbyNiagaraFalls,Buffalohasbegunluringnew,non-manufacturingbusinessestothearea.Problems:AheavilypollutedBuffaloRiver,acresofbrown-fields,dwindlingpopulation,shrinkingtaxbaseandfiscalproblemsmeantdrasticcutsincityservices-includingcleaning.Asaresult,hugetrashpilesoftenaccumulatedinfrontofhomes,sometimesgoinguncollectedfordaysonend.Atthesametime,Buffalowasstrugglingwithasizablerattrouble.Solutions:Buffalohasmadegreatstridesincleaningupbrown-fieldsandcontaminatedsites.Meanwhile,plansareunderwaytoturnpartoftheformerBethlehemSteelsiteintoawindfarmthatwillgeneratecleanpowerforbusinessesandresidents.ThestateisalsooverseeingaBuffaloRivercleanup,alreadysuccessfulenoughtodrawboatersandfishermenbacktothewaterway.Asforthetrashproblems,Buffaloundertookanaward-winningrestructuringofitsgarbagecollectionsystem.13high-techstreetsweepers,24hoursadayduringnon-wintermonths,nowhelpkeepthestreetsclean.Andthecityhasdramaticallycurbedtheratproblembydistributinglarge,securelycoveredgarbagebinstoeveryresidenceinthecity.SanJose,CaliforniaBackground:Theboominghigh-techbusinessduringthe1980sand1990searneditthenameSiliconValley.Numeroussemiconductorandcomputerchipmanufacturersbroughtinhugenumbersofhighlyeducatedworkers,drivinguphousevaluesandlivingcosts.Thenthedot-combusthit,andSanJosesuddenlylost200000jobs.Nowthecityisseekingtoreinventitselfasacentreforinnovationandresearchindiversefields.Problems:Intheearly1980s,aleakingundergroundstoragetankwasfoundtobepollutingthedrinkingwaterof65000people.Besideshigh-techcontamination,theValleysrapidgrowthresultedinextensivesprawl,whichmeanstraffic,andairpollution.Solutions:Thewidespreadpollutiongaverisetoastronggrass-rootsenvironmentalmovementthatpressuredindustrytocleanupitsmess.Industryrespondedbysettinghigherstandardsforitselfthanrequired.Becauseofthegroundwaterpollution,theSantaClaraValleyWaterDistrictbecameanationalleaderintestingandprotectingdrinkingwater.Portland,OregonBackground:Portland,longanimportantportandshipbuildingcentre,nowalsohasaburgeoning(正在发展的)high-techsector,andarobustmanufacturingbaseinpaper,metalproductsandsportswear.Nonetheless,thepercapitaincomeisbelowtheaverageforthe50citiesinouranalysis.Problems:Theseversystemisancientandpoorlydesigned,combiningstormwaterrunoffwithsewageinthesamepipingsystem.IndustriesinMultnomahCounty,Portlandshome,continuetospewanestimated1.85millionpoundsoftoxicsintotheair,waterandland.Solutions:Portlandbelongstothecountrysonlyelectedregionalgovernment,whichmeansthecitycoordinatesitsplanningandgrowthdecisionswithitsneighbors.ThisarrangementhasallowedPortlandtomakefar-rangingdecisions,suchastheestablishmentofagrowthboundaryarounditsurbancentre.Landinsidethisinvisiblecircleisfairgamefordevelopment；outsidethecircletheresonlyopenspaceandfarmland.Theresultisnotonlyawell-preservedagriculturalregionjustoutsidethecity,butalsoavibrant,livableurbanareawherepublictransportationrules.41.ResidentsinSanFranciscoareparticularlyawareof_a_.A)environmentalprotectionB)businessconditionC)financialD)percapitaincome42.Whichofthefollowingcitiesareamongthesefivecitiestohaveapercapitaincomeslightlybelowtheaverageof50cities?bA)ColumbusandBuffalo.B)ColumbusandPortland.C)BuffaloandPortland.D)ColumbusandSanJose.43.WhatisthemainproblemofColumbus?bA)litter.B)Sewageandwatersystem.C)EconomicdevelopmentD)Lowpopulation44.ThereisstillalongwayforBuffalotodealwiththerattroublebecauseof_b_.A)itslargepopulationB)itshugetrashpilesC)itsweatherproblemD)peopleslaziness45.BuffaloisplanningtoconvertpartoftheformerBethlehemSteelsiteintoawindfarmto_a_A)generatecleanpowerB)getridofrattroubleC)promotetheeconomyD)eliminatethetrash46.SiliconValley,onceahigh-techbusinesscenter,nowisfacing_b_.A)fiercecompetitionB)severepollutionfromhigh-techindustriesC)theshakyeconomicstatusD)waterproblems47.WhatisthemostseriousprobleminPortland?dA)TheignoranceofthegovernmentB)ThereducingofagriculturalregionC)TherattroubleD)Inefficientsewagesystem48.SanFranciscoisseekingtosolveenvironmentalproblemsthroughvariousmeans,includingfindingwaysto_pushenergysavings_.49.SanJoseisnowtryingtoreestablishitselfasacentrefor_innovationandresearch_indiversefields.50.Portlandistheonly_electedregionalgovernment_inAmerica,whichmeansthecitycoordinatesitsplanningandgrowthdecisionswithitsneighbors.VReadingComprehension(30%,2%each)Direction:Readpassage1and3carefullyandanswerthefollowingquestionsbychoosingthebestalternative(a,b,cord)undereach.Passage1AftertoolongontheNet,evenaphonecallcanbeashock.MyboyfriendsLiverpudlianaccentsuddenlybecomeshardtounderstandaftertheclarityofhiswordsonscreen；asecretarystoneseemsmorerejectingthanIdimagineditwouldbe.Timeitselfbecomesfluid-hoursbecomeminutes,andalternatelysecondsstretchintodays.Weekends,onceahighlightofmyweek,arenowjusttwoordinarydays.Forthelastthreeyears,sinceIstoppedworkingasaproducerforCharlieRose,Ihavedonemuchofmyworkasatele-commuter.IsubmitarticlesandeditthemviaE-mailandcommunicatewithcolleaguesonInternetmailinglists.MyboyfriendlivesinEngland,somuchofourrelationshipiscomputer-mediated.IfIdesired,Icouldstayinsideforweekswithoutwantinganything.Icanorderfood,andmanagemymoney,loveandwork.Infact,attimesIhavespentaslongasthreeweeksaloneathome,goingoutonlytogetmailandbuynewspapersandgroceries.Iwatchedmostoftheblizzardof96onTV.Butafterawhile,lifeitselfbeginstofeelunreal.IstarttofeelasthoughIvemergedwithmymachines,takingdatain,spittingthembackout,justanothernodeontheNet.Othersonlinereportthesamesymptoms.Westarttostronglydisliketheoutsideformsofsocializing.ItslikeattendinganA.A.meetinginabarwitheveryoneholdingahalf-sippeddrink.WehavebecometheNetopponentsworstnightmare.Whatfirstseemedlikealuxury,crawlingfrombedtocomputer,notworryingabouthair,andclothesandface,hasbecomeanavoidance,alackofdiscipline.Andonceyoustartreplacingrealhumancontactwithcyber-interaction,comingbackoutofthecavecanbequitedifficult.Attimes,Iturnonthetelevisionandjustleaveittochatterinthebackground,somethingthatIdneverdonepreviously.Thevoicesoftheprogramssootheme,butthenImjarredbythecommercials.Ifindmyselfsuckedinbysoapoperas,orcompulsivelyneedingtokeepupwiththelatestnewsandtheweather.Dateline,Frontline,Nightline,CNN,everypossibleangleofeverystoryoverandoverandover,evenwhentheyareofnopossibleusetome.Workmoversfromforegroundtobackground.51.Comparedwiththeclearwordsofherboyfriendonscreen,hisaccentisaAobscure.Bdistinct.Cunreal.Dmisleading.52ThepassageimpliesthatthewriterandherboyfriendliveinbAEngland.Bdifferentcountries.Cthesamecity.Dthesamecountry.53Livingaloneinahouse,thewriterseemstocAhavetotallyforgottenherwork.Bbeafraidofherneighbors.CgetsomecomfortfromTVprograms.Dhavegonecrazy.54WelearnfromthepassagethatthewritercAisfedupwiththeNetopponents.Bpreferspeopletothecomputer.Cisaddictedtothecomputer.Ddoesnotlikehumancontact.55.ThephrasecomingbackoutofthecaveinthefifthparagraphmeansdAcomingbackhome.Bgivingupthepresentjob.Clivingaluxuriouslife.Drestoringrealhumancontact.Passage2In1939twobrothers,MacandDickMcDonald,startedadrive-inrestaurantinSanBernadino,California.Theycarefullychoseabusycornerfortheirlocation.Theyhadruntheirownbusinessesforyears,firstatheater,thenabarbecuerestaurant,andthenanotherdrive-in.Butintheirnewoperation,theyofferedanew,shortenedmenu:Frenchfries,hamburgers,andsodas.Tothissmallselectiontheyaddedonenewconcept:quickservice,nowaitersorwaitresses,andnotips.Theirhamburgerssoldforfifteencents.Cheesewasanotherfourcents.TheirFrenchfriesandhamburgershadaremarkableuniformity,forthebrothershaddevelopedastrictroutineforthepreparationoftheirfood,andtheyinsistedontheircooksstickingtotheirroutine.Theirnewdrive-inbecameincrediblypopular,particularlyforlunch.Peopledroveupbythehundredsduringthebusynoontime.Theself-servicerestaurantwassopopularthatthebrothershadallowedtencopiesoftheirrestauranttobeopened.TheywerecontentwiththismodestsuccessuntiltheymetRayKroc.KrocwasasalesmanwhomettheMcDonaldbrothersin1954,whenhewassellingmilkshake-mixingmachines.Hequicklysawtheuniqueappealofthebrothersfast-foodrestaurantsandboughttherighttofranchiseothercopiesoftheirrestaurants.Theagreementstruckincludedtherighttoduplicatethemenu.Theequipment,eventheirredandwhitebuildingswiththegoldenarches.TodayMcDonaldsisreallyahouseholdname.ItsnamesforitssandwicheshavecometomeanhamburgerinthedecadessincethedayRayKrocwatchedpeoplerushuptoorderfifteen-centhamburgers.In1976,McDonaldshadover$1billionintotalsales.Itsfirsttwenty-twoyearsisoneofthemostincrediblesuccessstoriesinmodernAmericanbusinesshistory.56.Thispassagemainlytalksabout.cA）thedevelopmentoffastfoodservicesB）howMcDonaldsbecameabillion-dollarbusinessC）thebusinesscareersofMacandDickMcDonaldD）RayKrocsbusinesstalent57.MacandDickmanagedallofthefollowingbusinessesexcept.bA）adrive-inB）acinemaC）atheaterD）abarbecuerestaurant58.Wemayinferfromthispassagethat.dA）MacandDickMcDonaldneverbecamewealthyfortheysoldtheirideatoKrocB）ThelocationtheMcDonaldschosewastheonlysourceofthegreatpopularityoftheirdrive-inC）Fortyyearsagotherewerenumerousfast-foodrestaurantsD）RayKrocwasagoodbusinessman59.Thepassagesuggeststhata.A）creativityisanimportantelementofbusinesssuccessB）RayKrocwastheclosepartneroftheMcDonaldbrothersC）MacandDickMcDonaldbecamebrokenaftertheysoldtheirideastoRayKrocD）Californiaisthebestplacetogointobusiness60.Asusedinthesecondsentenceofthethirdparagraph,theworduniquemeans.dA）specialB）financialC）attractiveD）peculiarPassage3Certainanimalsandplantsdevelopcharacteristicsthathelpthemcopewiththeirenvironmentbetterthanothersoftheirkind.Thisnaturalbiologicalprocessiscalledadaptation.Amongthesuperiorcharacteristicsdevelopedthroughadaptationarethosethatmayhelpingettingfoodorshelter,inprovidingprotection,andinproducingandprotectingtheyoung.Thatresultsintheevolutionofmoreandmoreorganismsthatarebetterfittedtotheirenvironments.Eachlivingthingisadaptedtoitswayoflifeinageneralway,buteachisadaptedespeciallytoitsowndistinctclass.Aplant,forexample,dependsuponitsrootstofixitselffirmlyandtoabsorbwaterandinorganicchemicals.Itdependsuponitsgreenleavesforusingthesunsenergytomakefoodfrominorganicchemicals.Thesearegeneraladaptations,commontomostplants.Inaddition,therearespecialadaptationsthatonlycertainkindsofplantshave.Manyanimalshaveadaptationsthathelpthemescapefromtheirenemies.Someinsectsarehiddenbytheirbodycolororshape,andmanylooklikealeaforalittlebranch.Thecoatsofdeerarecoloredtomixwiththesurroundings.Manyanimalshavetheabilitytoremaincompletelystillwhenanenemyisnear.Organismshaveagreatvarietyofwaysofadapting.Theymayadaptintheirstructure,function,andgenetics；intheirdevelopmentandproductionoftheyoung；andinotherrespects.Anorganismmaycreateitswonenvironment,asdowarm-bloodedmammals,whichhavetheabilitytoadjustbodyheatexactlytomaintaintheiridealtemperaturedespitechangingweather.Usuallyadaptationsareanadvantage,butsometimesanorganismissowelladaptedtoaparticularenvironmentthat,ifconditionschange,itfindsitdifficultorimpossibletoreadapttothenewconditions.61.SomeplantsandanimalsdevelopsuperiorcharacteristicssothattheymaycA.helpothersoftheirkindgetfood,shelterandotherthingsneeded.B.surviveeveninextremelysevereconditionsC.becomebetteradaptedtotheenvironmentsthanothersoftheirkind.D.resultintheevolutionandproductionofmoreintelligentorganisms.62.Inthefirstparagraph,thewordenvironmentscouldbestbereplacedbybA.contextsB.surroundingsC.neighborsD.enemies63.ItcanbeinferredfromthispassagethatthefeathersofabirdcarecoloreddA.tofrighteneditsenemies.B.toattractitsenemiesC.toadjustitsbodyheatD.tomatchitsenvironment64.Whichofthefollowingisnotdirectlymentioned?dA.Alivingthingmayadaptinitsstructure.B.Anorganismmayadaptinitsfunction.C.Alivingcreaturemayadaptinitsgeneticmakeup.D.Alivingorganismmayadaptinitssleepinghabit.65.Theauthorcitesthebehaviorofwarm-bloodedmammalsinordertoillustratewhichofthefollowing?aA.AlivingthingmayhavetheabilitytocreateanenvironmentofitsownB.Alivingcreaturemayhavetheabilitytoremainstillwhenanenemyisnear.C.AlivingcreaturemayhavetheabilitytomakefoodfromitsinorganicchemicalsD.Alivingcreaturemayhavetheabilitytochangethecolorofitsskin.VI.Answerquestions.(10%,5%each)Direction:AllthequestionsarebasedonReadingPassage4.Answerthequestionsbrieflyandbesuretoanswerthemwithyourownwords.Passage41.Whenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfashion,itisadvisabletofindoutwhatitsadvocatesareaimingat,for,howeverfarfetchedandunreasonabletheirprinciplesmayseemtoday,itispossiblethatinyearstocometheymayberegardedasnormal.WithregardtoFuturistpoetry,however,thecaseisratherdifficult,forwhateverFuturistpoetrymaybeevenadmittingthatthetheoryonwhichitisbasedmayberightitcanhardlybeclassedasLiterature。2.This,inbrief,iswhattheFuturistsays:foracentury,pastconditionsoflifehavebeenconditionallyspeedingup,tillnowweliveinaworldofnoiseandviolenceandspeed.Consequently,ourfeelings,thoughtsandemotionshaveundergoneacorrespondingchange.Thisspeedingupoflife,saystheFuturist,requiresanewformofexpression.Wemustspeedupourliteraturetoo,ifwewanttointerpretmodernstress.Wemustpouroutalargestreamofessentialwords,unhamperedbystops,orqualifyingadjectives,orfiniteverbs.Insteadofdescribingsoundswemustmakeupwordsthatimitatethem；wemustusemanysizesoftypeanddifferentcoloredinksonthesamepage,andshortenorlengthenwordsatwill。3.Certainlytheirdescriptionsofbattlesareconfused.ButitisalittleupsettingtoreadintheexplanatorynotesthatacertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridgeoffwhichtheybothfallintotheriverandthentofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers:“Pluff!Pluff!Ahundredandeighty-fivekilograms。”4.This,thoughitfulfillsthelawsandrequirementsofFuturistpoetry,canhardlybeclassedasLiterature.Allthesame,nothinkingmancanrefusetoaccepttheirfirstproposition:thatagreatchangeinouremotionallifecallsforachangeofexpression.Thewholequestionisreallythis:haveweessentiallychanged?66.WhatsthemainideaofthispassageThemainideaofthispassageisareviewofFuturistpoetry.Theauthorsviewisthatnothinkingmancanrefusetoaccepttheirfirstproposition:thatagreatchangeinouremotionallifecallsforachangeofexpression.67.WhatdoesTheauthorbelievethatFuturistpoetryisTheauthorbelievethatFuturistpoetryismoreofatransientphenomenonthanliterature.forwhateverFuturistpoetrymaybeevenadmittingthatthetheoryonwhichitisbasedmayberightitcanhardlybeclassedasLiterature。VII.Translation.(10%，5%each)Direction:TranslateParagraph1and4ofReadingPassage4intoChinese.68.Translationofparagraph1-当一场新的艺术运动获得某种流行时，最好找出其倡导者的目标是什么，因为无论他们的原则在今天看来是多么牵强和不合理，将来都有可能被认为是正常的。至于未来派诗歌，情况却有点难，因为即使承认未来派诗歌理论根据可能正确，无论它是怎样的，也很难称之为文学。69.Translationofparagraph4-尽管这符合未来派诗歌的规则和要求，却几乎不能被归入文学之列。同样的，没有一个善于思考的人会拒绝接受他们的首要主张，即情感生活的巨大变化要求表达方式也随之变化。实际问题是：我们发生了根本的变化吗?高级英语阅读（一）（3）I.MultipleChoice(20%,1%each）Direction:ChoosethebestanswerfromthefollowingsentencesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Thereisonlyonecorrectanswer.1.Shehadclearlyno_c_ofdoinganywork,althoughshewasverywellpaid.A.tendencyB.ambitionC.intentionD.willingness2.ThereisnoeasysolutiontoJapanslabor_d_.A.declineB.vacancyC.rarityD.shortage3.Dont_a_totellusifyouhaveaproblem.A.hesitateB.hesitantC.hesitanceD.hesitation4.Acarisa_d_object,butspeedisnot.A.abstractB.faithfulC.loyalD.concrete5.Sheregularly_c_tothecollegemagazine.A.presentB.editorialC.contributesD.correspondence6.Mr.Smithhadanunusual_d_:hewasfirstanofficeclerk,thenasailor,andendedupasaschoolteacher.A.professionB.occupationC.positionD.career7.Hedoesnot_c_asateacherofEnglishashispronunciationisterrible.A.equalB.matchC.qualifyD.fit8.Mostnursesarewomen,butinthehigherranksofthemedicalprofessionwomenareina_b_.A.scarcityB.minorityC.minimumD.shortage9.Solarcellshavebeendevelopedprimarilyto_a_electricpowerforspacecraft.A.provideB.ensureC.storeD.secure10.Weshouldmakeaclear_d_betweenthetwoscientifictermsforthepurposeofourdiscussion.A.separationB.discriminationC.deviationD.distinction11.Theprisonerwas_c_ofhiscivillibertyforthreeyears.A.derivedB.dispatchedC.deprivedD.discharged12.Themanagerspokehighlyofsuch_a_asloyalty,courageandtruthfulnessshownbyhisemployees.A.virtuesB.featuresC.propertiesD.characteristics13.Theirproductsarefrequentlyoverpricedand_b_inquality.A.influentialB.inferiorC.superiorD.subordinate14.NowapaperinSciencearguesthatorganicchemicalsintherockcomemostlyfrom_d_onearthratherthanbacteriaonMars.A.configurationB.constitutionC.condemnationD.contamination15.Hesoonreceivedpromotion,forhissuperiorsrealizedthathewasamanofconsiderable_a_.A.abilityB.futureC.possibilityD.opportunity16.Thetiesthatbindustogetherincommonactivityareso_d_thattheycandisappearatanymoment.A.trivialB.fatalC.tentativeD.feeble17.Iwasadvisedtoarrangeforinsurance_b_Ineededmedicaltreatment.A.sothatB.incaseC.althoughD.nevertheless18.Thatpartofthecityhaslongbeen_a_foritsstreetviolence.A.notoriousB.responsibleC.historicalD.illegal19.Thespeechwhichhemade_c_theprojecthasbotheredmegreatly.A.concernedB.beingconcernedC.concerningD.beconcerned20.Shehadnothingbut_c_forthosewhogotthemselvesintodebt.A.admirationB.worshipC.scornD.hatredIIICompletethefollowingsentencesusingappropriateformsofthewordsgivenbelow.(10%,1%each).31.Hewasgiventwoprisonsentences,torun_concurrently_.32The_elite_isasocialgroupconsideredtobethebestbecauseoftheirpower,talent,wealth,etc.33.Thisplantwillnot_flourish_withoutwater.34.AChristmastreeisusually_ornamented_withtinsel.35.Defeatandfailuremaymakepeople_humble_.36.Thetroopsreceivedordersto_mobilize_.37.Asupportfortwo_adjacent_bridgespansisunderconstruction.38.Youhaventrealizedthe_magnitude_ofherachievement.39.Onthislist,Shakespearesplaysarearranged_chronologically_.40.Racialharmonyshould_encompass_threemainfactors:mutualrespect,socialharmonyandgoodpublicsecurity.IV.FastReading(SkimmingandScanning)(10%,1%each)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestions.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B)C),D),Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.AnimalBehaviorEuthanasia(安乐死)isthenumber-onekillersofdogsandcatsintheU.S.responsibleformoredeathsthatallinfectiousdiseasescombined.Andbehaviorproblemsarethenumber-onereasonthatanimalsareturnedintoanimalshelters.Whenpetsbecomedestructive,aggressiveorcausemajorinconveniences,someownersfeelthatpartingwiththeanimalistheonlysolution.Thegoodnewsisthathelpisavailable.Tokeepyoufromreachingtheendofyourrope,hereareafewthingsyoushouldknowaboutyouranimalsbehavior.Whenadogorcatdoessomethingupsettingtoanowner,veryoftentheeventwasjusttheanimalsnormalbehavior.Buttheownermaymisreadthesituation,reactinappropriatelyandworsentheproblem.Considerthefollowingexample.Dogsdontliketogooutinheavyrainorsnowanymorethanwedo.Onemorning,anownergetsupandletshisdogoutsidetourine（排尿）.Sincehisdogdoesnotreallywanttogetwet,hesitsbythedoorwaitingtogetbackinside.Hedidnoteliminatewhileoutside,buthisownerdoesnotknowthis.Lateinthemorning,whenhisurgetoeliminateisoverwhelming,thedogurinatesonthekitchenfloor.Theownercomeshomeandassumesthedogeliminatedinthehouseto“geteven”withhimfornotpettinghimenoughorforsomeotheraction.Theownerthenpunishesthedog.Now,afterseveralconsecutivedaysofbadweather,thedogquicklylearnstoassociatethecombinedpresenceoftheownerandsmellofurinewithpunishment.Thedogsresultinghesitantbehavioraroundhisownerisinterpretedasa“guilty”expressioninsteadofasubmissiveone.Thismisunderstandingcanleadtolessinteractionbetweenowneranddogandtomorenegativefeelingstowardtheanimal.Inanotherexample,acatmaysharpenhisclawsonhisownersnewsofabecauseitstextureishighlydesirable.Becausetheoldsofawasthecatsfavoritedaytimenappingspot.Theownermayassumethatthecatis“gettingeven”withhimforreplacingthesofa.Thisinaccurateassumptioncanleadtothecatbeingpunishedformerelylookingatthenewsofa.Inboththesesituations,thesearetwomajormisunderstandings.Thefirstisthatananimalwouldexhibitaparticularbehaviorasrevenge(报复)forsomethinghisownerdid.Inthedogscase,hewasmerelyexpressingnormalbehaviorinresponsetoaparticularenvironmentalsituationthebadweather.Normallythedogknowsthatthepreferredlocationforeliminationisoutdoors.Butwhenitwasraininghardhehurriedbackinside.Naturally,whenhisneedtogobecameoverwhelming,hesoiledinthehouse.Hardlyanactofrevenge!Andthecatsclawsharpeningwascompletelynormalcatbehaviorthatmayevenhavebeentoleratedontheoldsofa.Whythenshouldthecatdifferentiatetheoldsofafromthenewone,orwhyshouldthecatknowthatthehighlyattractivefabriconthenewsofaistobeleftalone.Thesecondmisunderstandinginthesecasesisthatmanypetownersdonotunderstandthatpunishmentforanimalsisonlyassociatedwiththeeventofthemoment.Delayedinteractionsoronesthatarereallynotconnectedtotheproblemarenoteffective.Theyonlyservetoexpresstheownersfrustrationandarenotreallypunishmentintheclassicsense.Inthedogscase,hisownersactionisinterpretedbythedogaspunishmentforwalkinguptotheowner,notaspunishmentforeliminatinginthehouseseveralhoursearlier.Thatdoglearnedthatowner+odor=punishment,notthatitisunacceptabletoeliminateinthehouse,regardlessoftheweather.And,becausethecatownerisnotaround24hoursadaytomakethecatspunishmentconsistent,thecatlearnstoavoidtheownerintheroomwiththesofa,sinceowner+sofa=punishment.Thelessonstheseownerthinkarebeingtaughtthroughwordsandpunishmentarenotthelessonstheanimalslearn.Forthisreason,itisbettertolookforwaystoavoidtheoriginaleventapositiveratherthannegativeapproach.Apositiveapproachforthedogsproblemisforafamilymembertogooutwiththedogtobesurethateliminationoccurs.Thatwaythedogwillnothaveanurgetoeliminateinside,whenhisownerisgone.Thecatsownercancovertheproblemsofaandplaceanappropriatescratchingpostneartheproblemareasothecatwilllearnwhatisanacceptableclawingarea.Eventuallybothanimalscanbetrustedandthehouseholdcanreturntonormal.Itispossiblethatanownercanrewardundesirablebehaviorwithtoomuchattention.Barkingatnightisdisturbing,soanowneryellsathisdogtobequiet.Thedogassociateshumancontactwithbarkingandisencouragedtobarkagainformoreattention.Ifloudenoughorlongenough,thebarkingmayactuallydriveanownertobringanoutdoordogintothehouse,wherehegetslotsofhumancontact.Sincebarkingisoftenaresponsetobriefdisturbance,itwillusuallystoponitsown.Unfortunatelyoncethebehaviorisrewardedwithattention,itcantakelongertostopbysimplyremainresoluteintheirgoalsinceoccasionalrewardsprolongthebehaviorevenmore.Dogandcatownershavemanyvaluableresourcesforunderstandingtheiranimalsbehaviorintheirveterinariana(兽医)andlocalanimalshelter.Someveterinarianclinics,localhumanesocietiesandcommunitydogtrainingschoolsofferpuppykindergartenclassestostartoffthenewfamilymemberright.Ifthereisabehavioryoudonotunderstandinyourpet,besuretoaskquestions.Explainanddescribeanysmallproblem,asmanyproblemsareeasiertocorrectintheirmildformandmoredifficulttostoponcetheyhavedeveloped.Dogswithfeartoapproachingthunderstorms,dogsthathavetoomuchenergy,catsthatraidthekitchencounters,andmanyotherproblemscanbehelped.Yourveterinarianorhumanesocietycanreferyoutoveterinaryspecialistsorotherappropriatepeopleforparticularlycomplicatedproblems.41.Whatdopeopleusuallydowhentheirpetsarethoughttohavebehaviorproblems?cA)Theysendthepetstootherfriends.B)Theykilltheirpets.C)Theysendthepetstoanimalshelters.D)Theygotoaskhelpfromexperts.42.Whenownersareunhappyattheiranimalsbehaviors,they_a_.A)tendtomisunderstandtheirnormalbehaviorsasabnormalonesB)takemildpunishmentsinsteadofsevereonesC)alwaysimprovetheiranimalsbehaviorD)dosomethingtoencouragetheiranimalsb43.Whatistheresultofthemisunderstandingbetweenthepetandtheowner?A)Communicationbetweenthepetandtheownerisstressed.B)Theownerwilldislikethepetmore.C)Theownerfeelssorryforthepunishment.D)Thepetfeelsguiltyfortheirbehaviors44.Whenapetscratchesonanewsofa,hisownerregardsitas_a_.A)revengeB)abnormalbehaviorC)madnessD)normalbehavior45.Whenapetdogeliminatesinthehousewhileitsraininghard,it_c_.A)indeedtakesarevengeonitsownerB)isshowingfeartothebadweatherC)doesnttakearevengeonitsownerD)wantsthehousetobeaswetastheoutside46.Whichofthefollowingisproperwhenapunishmentisneededbecauseofanimalsbadbehavior?aA)Apromptpunishmentdirectlyassociatedwiththeevent.B)Apunishmenttwodaysbeforethepetstypicalbadbehavior.C)ApunishmenttwohoursafterthepetsbadbehaviorD)Apunishmentwhentheinteractionbetweenisbuilt.47.Whatistheeffectivemeasurewhenyoudontwantthepetcattoscratchthesofa?dA)Tochangethesofasothatthecatcanscratchmore.B)Tobeatthecatthemomentitscratcheshabitually.C)Toremovethesofaoutsideofthehouse.D)Toassignaplaceforscratchingnearthesofa.48.Ifyoudontlikeyourdogtobark,youdbetternotgiveit_toomuchattention_.49.Inordertohelpyourlittlepetdevelopgoodbehaviors,youdbettertakeitto_puppykindergartenclasses_.50.Sinceitsmoredifficulttosolveseriousanimalbehaviorproblems,itsadvisedtosolvetheproblemsin_.theirmildform_.VReadingComprehension(30%,2%each)Direction:Readpassage1-3carefullyandanswerthefollowingquestionsbychoosingthebestalternative(a,b,cord)undereach.Passage1WhyisitthatflyingtoNewYorkfromLondonwillleaveyoufeelinglesstiredthanflyingtoLondonfromNewYork?Theanswermaybeaclearcaseofbiologynotbeingabletokeepupwithtechnology.Deepinsidethebrainthereisaclockthatgovernseveryaspectofthebodysfunctioning:sleepandwakecycles,levelsofalertness,performance,mood,hormonelevels,digestion,bodytemperatureandsoon.Itregulatesallofthesefunctionsona24-hourbasisandiscalledthebiologicalclock.Thebodyclockprogrammesustobesleepytwiceaday,between3-5amandagainbetween3-5pm.Afternoonteaandnapareallculturalresponsestoournaturalbiologicalsleepinessintheafternoon.Oneofthemajorcausesofthetravellersmaladyknownasjetlagisthenon-alignmentofapersonsinternalbodyclockwithclocksintheexternalworld.Crossingdifferenttimezonesconfusesthebiologicalclock,whichthenhastoadjusttothenewtimeandpatternsoflightandactivity.Tomakemattersmorecomplex,notallinternalbodyfunctionsadjustatthesamerate.Soyoursleep/wakemayadjusttoanewtimezoneatonerate,whileyourtemperatureadjustsatadifferentpace.Yourdigestionmaybeonadifferentschedulealtogether.Thoughweliveina24-hourday,thenaturaltendencyofthebodyclockistoextendourdaybeyond24hours.Itiscontrarytoourbiologicalprogrammingtoshrinkourday.Thatiswhytravelinginawestwarddirectionismorebody-clockfriendlythanflyingeast.NASAstudiesoflonghaulpilotsshowedthatwestwardtravelwasassociatedwithsignificantlybettersleepquantityandqualitythaneastwardflights.Whenflyingwest,youareextendingyourday,thustravelinginthenaturaldirectionofyourinternalclock.Flyingeastwardwillinvolveshrinkingorreducingyourdayandisindirectoppositiontoyourinternalclocksnaturaltendency.Oneofthemorecommoncomplaintsoftravelersisthattheirsleepbecomesdisrupted.Therearemanyreasonsforthis:changingtimezonesandschedules,changinglightandactivitylevels,tryingtosleepwhenyourbodyclockisprogrammedtobeawake,disruptionoftheinternalbiologicalclockandworkinglongerhours.Itisoftensuggestedthatyouadjustyourwatchassoonasyouboardaplane,supposedlytotrytohelpyouadjusttoyourdestinationsscheduleassoonasyouarrive.Butitcantakethebodyclockseveraldaystoseveralweekstofullyadjusttoanewtimezone.So,ourbodyclocktrulycangovernus.51TheroleofthebodyclockistocAenableustosleep6hoursaday.Bhelpusadapttoa24-hourcycle.Cregulatethebodysfunctions.Dinterferewiththebodysfunctions.52ThewordmaladyinParagraph4isclosestinmeaningtobAcondition.Bdiscomfort.Cinjury.Dexcitement.53FlyinginawestwarddirectionwillaAhelpyousleepbetter.Bincreasethedegreeofjetlag.Cshrinkyourday.Dmakeyouovereat.54WhichofthefollowinginNOTmentionedasareasonforthedisruptedsleepoftravelers?dACrossingdifferenttimezones.BChanginglightandactivitylevels.CWorkinglongerhours.DWatchingoutoftheplaneforalongtime.55ItcanbeseenfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatdAyoucancontrolyourownbodyclock.Bitis