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轴端盖罩冷冲压工艺及模具设计论文.doc

轴端盖罩冷冲压工艺及模具设计【2套模具】【21张图纸】【优秀】

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轴端盖罩冷冲压工艺及模具设计论文.doc---(点击预览)

轴端盖罩冷冲压工艺及模具设计开题报告.doc---(点击预览)

计划周记进度检查表.xls---(点击预览)

外文翻译--模具设计与制造.doc---(点击预览)

冷冲压工艺卡片-A4.doc---(点击预览)

任务书.doc---(点击预览)

1落料拉深图纸12张

6凸凹模垫板-A3.dwg---(点击预览)

4凸凹模固定板-A2.dwg---(点击预览)

3落料凹模-A2.dwg---(点击预览)

2下模座-A1.dwg---(点击预览)

1落料拉深模装配图-A0.dwg---(点击预览)

10拉深凸模-A4.dwg---(点击预览)

10拉深凸模-A4.exb

11压边圈-A4.exb

12弹簧支承板-A4.exb

1落料拉深模装配图-A0.exb

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3落料凹模-A2.exb

4凸凹模固定板-A2.exb

5上模座-A1.exb

6凸凹模垫板-A3.exb

7凸凹模-A3.exb

8推件块-A4.exb

9卸料板-A2.exb

2次拉深模图纸9张

拉深凹模-A3.dwg---(点击预览)

拉深凸模-A4.dwg---(点击预览)

弹簧固定板-A4.dwg---(点击预览)

二次拉深模装配图-A0.dwg---(点击预览)

上模座-A2.dwg---(点击预览)

上模座-A2.exb

下模座-A2.exb

二次拉深模装配图-A0.exb

压边定位圈-A4.exb

弹簧固定板-A4.exb

拉深凸模-A4.exb

拉深凹模-A3.exb

推件块-A4.exb

限位销-A4.exb

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关键词：: 轴端盖罩冷冲压工艺模具设计模具 21 图纸优秀优良

资源描述：

轴端盖罩冷冲压工艺及模具设计

64页 32000字数+说明书+任务书+开题报告+外文翻译+21张CAD图纸【详情如下】

任务书.doc

冷冲压工艺卡片-A4.doc

外文翻译--模具设计与制造.doc

计划周记进度检查表.xls

轴端盖罩冷冲压工艺及模具设计开题报告.doc

轴端盖罩冷冲压工艺及模具设计论文.doc

1落料拉深图纸12张

2次拉深模图纸9张

10拉深凸模-A4.dwg

10拉深凸模-A4.exb

11压边圈-A4.exb

12弹簧支承板-A4.exb

1落料拉深模装配图-A0.dwg

1落料拉深模装配图-A0.exb

2下模座-A1.dwg

2下模座-A1.exb

3落料凹模-A2.dwg

3落料凹模-A2.exb

4凸凹模固定板-A2.dwg

4凸凹模固定板-A2.exb

5上模座-A1.exb

6凸凹模垫板-A3.dwg

6凸凹模垫板-A3.exb

7凸凹模-A3.exb

8推件块-A4.exb

9卸料板-A2.exb

上模座-A2.dwg

上模座-A2.exb

下模座-A2.exb

二次拉深模装配图-A0.dwg

二次拉深模装配图-A0.exb

压边定位圈-A4.exb

弹簧固定板-A4.dwg

弹簧固定板-A4.exb

拉深凸模-A4.dwg

拉深凸模-A4.exb

拉深凹模-A3.dwg

拉深凹模-A3.exb

推件块-A4.exb

限位销-A4.exb

摘要

　　　冲压生产是一种先进的金属加工方法。它是利用模具和冲压设备对板材金属进行加工，通过冲压生产可以获得所属要的零件形状和尺寸。本课题是轴端盖罩零件的冲压模具的设计，本产品外形是圆形，根据设计零件的尺寸、材料、生产批量等要求，分析零件的工艺性，根据工件的形状和批量，对模寿命有一定要求，故采用有废料排样方法，确定冲裁工艺路线方案，从而设计一套复合模具，本次模具选取的是简单的二次拉深工艺模，综合考虑冲压件的形状特点、尺寸大小、精度要求及冲压设备与制模条件，操作方便与安全。模具1：落料拉深复合模和模具2：第2次拉深模，第一副模具是落料拉深复合模，卸料采用弹性（弹簧）卸料结构，工件采用推件块刚性推出，推出机构装在上模部份，压边装置装在下模部份，采用弹性（弹簧）结构，同时也起向上推件作用。条料采用手动送料装置，样时工件之间以及工件与条料侧边之间留下的余料叫做搭边。搭边的作用是补偿定位误差，保证冲出合格的工件。还可以使条料有一定的刚度，便于送进。由于第一副模具是落料拉深复合模，只需考虑落料的排样，故采用单排直排方式。

　　　采用单排直排方式在保证工件的尺寸和形状位置精度要求的同时，尽量的提高材料的利用率和生产效率。随着计算机技术的不断发展，采用CAD/CAE/CAM一体化技术可以准确、快速的完成模具设计制造。本文主要是介绍说明了轴端盖罩零件成形的各个工序及其模具的设计及尺寸计算，在结构设计的同时，对主要零件的设计和装配要求技术进行了分析。设计时考虑到模具设计合理、简单，便于制造和修模，有利于缩短模具生产制造周期，降低成本。

关键词：盖罩零件；冲压工艺；复合模；模具设计

摘要III

AbstractIV

目录V

1 绪论1

1.1 本课题的研究内容和意义1

1.2 国内外的发展概况3

1.3 本课题应达到的要求5

2 冲压工艺设计6

2.1 冲压件简介6

2.2 冲压件的工艺性分析8

2.3 冲压工艺方案的确定10

2.4 冲压工艺计算11

　　2.4.1 工件的毛坯尺寸计算11

　　2.4.2 工序分析12

　　2.4.3 拉深尺寸计算13

　　2.4.4 工序汇总17

　　2.4.5 各工序尺寸公差的确定17

2.5 产品所需模具17

3 落料拉深模设计20

3.1 模具结构20

3.2 确定其搭边值20

3.3 确定排样图21

3.4 材料利用率计算22

3.5 凸、凹模刃口尺寸的确定22

　　3.5.1落料部份凸、凹模刃口尺寸的确定22

　　3.5.2 拉深凸、凹模工作部分尺寸及其公差24

3.6 落料拉深复合模冲压力25

　　3.6.1 落料部分冲压力25

　　3.6.2 拉深部分冲压力26

　　3.6.3 落料拉深复合模总冲压力27

3.7 压力机选用27

3.8 压力中心计算29

3.9 落料拉深模主要零部件的结构设计29

　　3.9.1 落料凹模的结构设计29

　　3.9.2 落料凸模的结构设计31

　　3.9.3 条料定位零件的设计31

　　3.9.4 落料卸料板设计32

　　3.9.5 凸凹模（落料凸模）固定板设计32

　　3.9.6 凸凹模（落料凸模）垫板设计33

　　3.9.7 拉深凹模的结构设计34

　　3.9.8 拉深凸模设计35

　　3.9.9 压边圈设计35

　　3.9.10 推件块设计36

3.10 标准件确定36

　　3.10.1 模架确定36

　　3.10.2 弹性组件设计37

　　3.10.3 卸料螺钉确定38

　　3.10.4 上模螺钉确定38

　　3.10.5 上模销确定38

　　3.10.6 下模螺钉确定38

　　3.10.7 下模销确定38

　　3.10.8 模柄确定39

　　3.10.9 推杆确定39

　　3.10.10 模柄上固定螺钉的确定39

　　3.10.11 拉深凸模上固定螺钉的确定39

　　3.10.12 下模推杆的确定39

　　3.10.13 弹顶器的确定39

3.11 模具闭合高度、校验压力机40

4 二次拉深模具设计41

4.1 确定模具的结构形式41

　　4.1.1 正、倒装结构的选择41

　　4.1.2 工件定位方式选择42

　　4.1.3 推件方式的选择42

　　4.1.4 压边方式的选择42

　　4.1.5 导向方式的选择42

4.2 拉深凸、凹模工作部分尺寸的确定42

　　4.2.1 拉深凸、凹模刃口尺寸确定原则42

　　4.2.2 拉深凸、凹模工作部分尺寸和公差42

4.3 二次拉深模的冲压力计算43

　　4.3.1 拉深力43

　　4.3.2 压边力43

　　4.3.3 拉深部分总冲压力44

4.4 压力机选用44

4.5 压力中心计算44

4.6 拉深模主要零部件的结构设计44

　　4.6.1 拉深凹模的结构设计44

　　4.6.2 拉深凸模设计45

　　4.6.3 压边定位圈设计46

　　4.6.4 推件块设计47

　　4.6.5 限位装置设计47

4.7 标准件确定48

　　4.7.1 模架确定48

　　4.7.2 上模螺钉确定48

　　4.7.3 上模销确定48

　　4.7.4 模柄确定49

　　4.7.5 模柄防转紧定螺钉的确定49

　　4.7.6 带螺纹推杆的确定49

　　4.7.7 带螺纹推杆螺母的确定49

　　4.7.8 弹性元件设计49

　　4.7.9 弹顶器的确定50

　　4.7.10 拉深凸模上固定螺钉的确定50

　　4.7.11 带肩推杆的确定50

4.8 模具闭合高度、校验压力机50

5 结论与展望52

5.1 结论52

5.2 不足之处及未来展望52

致谢53

参考文献54

1 绪论

1.1 本课题的研究内容和意义

　　　冲压是利用安装在冲压设备（主要是压力机）上的模具对材料施加压力，使其产生分离或塑性变形，从而获得所需零件（俗称冲压或冲压件）的一种压力加工方法。冲压通常是在常温下对材料进行变形加工，且主要采用板料来加工成所?需零件，?所以也叫冷冲压或板料冲压。冲压是材料压力加工或塑性加工的主要方法之一。冲压成形作为现代工业中一种十分重要的加工方法，具有很多独特的优势，其成形件具有自重轻、刚度大、强度高、互换性好、成本低、生产过程便于实现机械自动化及生产效率高等优点，是一种其它加工方法所不能相比和不可替代的先进制造技术，在制造业中具有很强的竞争力，被广泛应用于汽车、能源、机械、信息、航空航天、国防工业和日常生活的生产之中。

　　　近几十年来，冲压技术有了飞速的发展，它不仅表现在许多新工艺与新技术在生产的广泛应用上，如：旋压成形、软模具成形、高能率成形等，更重要的是人们对冲压技术的认识与掌握的程度有了质的飞跃。冲压作业方式的进化，冲压自动化生产的实现使冲压制造的概念有了本质的飞跃。结合现代技术信息系统和现代化管理信息系统的成果，由这三方面组合又形成现代冲压新的生产模式-计算机集成制造系统CIMS（Computer Integrated Manufacturing System）。把产品概念形成、设计、开发、生产、销售、售后服务全过程通过计算机等技术融为一体，将会给冲压制造业带来更好的经济效益，使现代冲压技术水平提高到一个新的高度。在吸收了力学、数学、金属材料学、机械科学以及控制、计算机技术等方面的知识后，已经形成了冲压学科的成形基本理论。以冲压产品为龙头，以模具为中心，结合现代先进技术的应用，在产品的巨大市场需求刺激和推动下，冲压成形技术在国民经济发展、实现现代化和提高人民生活水平方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。

　　　冲压所使用的模具称为冲压模具，简称冲模。冲模是将材料（金属或非金属）批量加工成所需冲件的专用工具。冲模在冲压中至关重要，没有符合要求的冲模，批量冲压生产就难以进行；没有先进的冲模，先进的冲压工艺就无法实现。冲压工艺与模具、冲压设备和冲压材料构成冲压加工的三大要素，只有它们相互结合才能得出冲压件。现代冲压生产是一种大规模继续作业的制造方式，由于高新技术的参与和加入，冲压生产方式由初期的手工操作逐步进化为集成制造。生产过程逐步实现机械化、自动化、并且正在向智能化、集成化的方向发展。实现自动化冲压作业，体现安全、高效、节材等优点，已经是冲压生产的发展方向。与机械加工及塑性加工的其它方法相比，冲压加工无论在技术方面还是经济方面都具有许多独特的优点。主要表现如下。

　　　（1）冲压加工的生产效率较高，操作方便，易于实现机械化与自动化。

　　　（2）冲压时由于模具保证了冲压件的尺寸与形状精度，且一般不破坏冲压件的表面质量，而模具的寿命一般较长，所以冲压的质量稳定，互换性好，具有“一模一样”的特征。

　　　（3）冲压可加工出尺寸范围较大、形状较复杂的零件，如小到钟表的秒表，大到汽车纵梁、覆盖件等，加上冲压时材料的冷变形硬化效应，冲压的强度和刚度均较高。

　　　（4）冲压一般没有切屑碎料生成，材料的消耗较少，且不需其它加热设备，因而是一种比较节省材料，节能的加工方法，所以冲压件的成本较低。　　　设计技术要求如下：

　　　1.年生产量：50万件

　　　2.要求编制的冲压规程合理

　　　3.要求设计的冲压模具满足加工要求

　　　4.要求图纸设计规范，符合制图标准

　　　5.要求毕业设计论文叙述清楚，设计计算准确，论文格式规范

　　　研究内容如下：

　　　1.轴端盖罩零件的工艺性分析及工艺方案制定

　　　2.选择模具的结构形式

　　　3.主要工艺参数计算

　　　4.选择与确定模具主要零部件的结构与尺寸

　　　5.模具总体装配及主要工作零件的工艺规程编制

　　　6.编写设计说明

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内容简介：: 无锡太湖学院信机系机械工程及自动化专业毕业设计论文任务书一、题目及专题：1、题目轴端盖罩冷冲压工艺及模具设计 2、专题二、课题来源及选题依据来源于无锡锡达机电有限公司，是电器产品上的一个零件。模具是机械工程及其自动化专业的一个专业方向，选择模具方向的毕业设计题目完全符合本专业的要求，从应用性方面来说，模具又是生产效率极高的工具之一，能有效保证产品一致性和可更换性，具有很好的发展前途和应用前景。该产品外形较大，但冲压工艺设计较复杂，计算过程很繁，其正确性非常重要，要求学生要有良好的心理素质和仔细认真的作风，因此对本课题的研究对学生也是一次很好的煅练机会。三、本设计（论文或其他）应达到的要求：综合应用各种所学的专业知识，在规定的时间内对产品进行冷冲压工艺分析，制订完整的冲压工艺方案，并完成整副模具设计、数据计算和图纸（所有图纸折合A0不少于2.5张）绘制，具体内容如下：1完成模具装配图：2张（A0或A1）； 2零件图：主要是非标准件零件图（不少于5张）； 3冷冲压工艺卡片：1张； 4设计说明书：1份（15000字以上，其中参考文献不少于10篇，外文不少于5篇）； 5翻译8000以上外文印刷字符，折合中文字数约5000字的有关技术资料或专业文献，内容要尽量结合课题。四、接受任务学生：机械96 班姓名谭宇斌五、开始及完成日期：自2012年11月12日至2013年5月25日六、设计（论文）指导（或顾问）：指导教师签名签名签名教研室主任学科组组长研究所所长签名系主任签名2012年11月12日无锡太湖学院冷冲压工艺卡片零件名称轴端罩盖零件图号113214材料牌号及规格08钢0.510002500毛坯种类条料毛坯尺寸65.62500每毛坯可制件数39工序号工序名称工序内容冲压设备工艺装备一次加工数工序附图10冲压落料拉深J23-16落料拉深模具120拉深2次拉深J23-6.3拉深模具130拉深3次拉深J23-6.3拉深模具140冲压整形J23-16整形模具150冲裁切边J23-16切边模具160检验检验班级机械96姓名谭宇斌学号0923265日期2013.5.16批改日期英文原文 Mold design and manufacture1 The domestic and foreign development status The mold is the manufacturing industry important craft foundation, in our country, the mold manufacture belongs to the special purpose equipment manufacturing industry. China although very already starts to make the mold and the use mold, but long-term has not formed the industry. Straight stabs 0 centuries 80s later periods, the Chinese mold industry only then drives into the development speedway. Recent years, not only the state-owned mold enterprise had the very big development, the three investments enterprise, the villages and towns (individual) the mold enterprises development also quite rapid .Although the Chinese mold industrial development rapid, but compares with the demand, obviously falls short of demand, its main gap concentrates precisely to, large-scale, is complex, the long life mold domain. As a result of in aspect and so on mold precision, life, manufacture cycle and productivity, China and the international average horizontal and the developed country still had a bigger disparity, therefore, needed massively to import the mold every year .The Chinese mold industry except must continue to sharpen the productivity, from now on will have emphatically to the profession internal structure adjustment and the state-of-art enhancement. The structure adjustment aspect, mainly is the enterprise structure to the specialized adjustment, the product structure to center the upscale mold development, to the import and export structure improvement, center the upscale automobile cover mold forming analysis and the structure improvement, the multi-purpose compound mold and the compound processing and the laser technology in the mold design manufacture application, the high-speed cutting, the superfinishing and polished the technology, the information direction develops .The recent years, the mold profession structure adjustment and the organizational reform step enlarges, mainly displayed in, large-scale, precise, was complex, the long life, center the upscale mold and the mold standard letter development speed is higher than the common mold product; The plastic mold and the compression casting mold proportion increases; Specialized mold factory quantity and its productivity increase; The three investments and the private enterprise develops rapidly; The joint stock system transformation step speeds up and so on. Distributes from the area looked, take Zhujiang Delta and Yangtze River delta as central southeast coastal area development quickly to mid-west area, south development quickly to north. At present develops quickest, the mold produces the most centralized province is Guangdong and Zhejiang, places such as Jiangsu, Shanghai, Anhui and Shandong also has a bigger development in recent years . 1.1 Domestic problems Although our country mold total quantity had at present achieved the suitable scale, the mold level also has the very big enhancement, after but design manufacture horizontal overall rise and fall industry developed country and so on Yu De, America, date, France, Italy many. The current existence question and the disparity mainly display in following several aspects:(1) The total quantity falls short of demand Domestic mold assembling oneself rate only ,about 70%. Low-grade mold , center upscale mold assembling oneself rate only has 50% about .(2) The enterprise organizational structure, the product structure, the technical structure and the import and export structure does not gatherIin our country mold production factory to be most is from the labor mold workshop which produces assembles oneself (branch factory), from produces assembles oneself the proportion to reach as high as about 60%, but the overseas mold ultra 70% is the commodity mold. The specialized mold factory mostly is large and complete, small and entire organization form, but overseas mostly is small but, is specially small and fine. Domestic large-scale, precise, complex, the long life mold accounts for the total quantity proportion to be insufficient 30%, but overseas in 50% above 2004 years, ratio of the mold import and export is 3.7:1, the import and export balances the after net import volume to amount to 1.32 billion US dollars, is world mold net import quantity biggest country .(3) The mold product level greatly is lower than the international standardThe production cycle actually is higher than the international water broad product level low mainly to display in the mold precision, cavity aspect and so on surface roughness, life and structure .(4) Develops the ability badly, economic efficiency unsatisfactory our country mold enterprise technical personnel proportion lowThe level is lower, also does not take the product development, frequently is in the passive position in the market. Our country each mold staff average year creation output value approximately ,ten thousand US dollars, overseas mold industry developed country mostly 15 to10,000 US dollars, some reach as high as 25 to10,000 US dollars, relative is our country quite part of molds enterprises also continues to use the workshop type management with it, truly realizes the enterprise which the modernized enterprise manages few To create the above disparity the reason to be very many, the mold long-term has not obtained the value besides the history in as the product which should have, as well as the most state-owned enterprises mechanism cannot adapt the market economy, but also has the following several reasons: .(1) Country to mold industry policy support dynamics also insufficientlyAlthough the country already was clear about has promulgated the mold profession industrial policy, but necessary policy few, carried out dynamics to be weak. At present enjoyed the mold product increment duty enterprise nation 185, the majority enterprise still the tax burden is only overweight. The mold enterprise carries on the technological transformations introduction equipment to have to pay the considerable amount the tax money, affects the technology advancement, moreover privately operated enterprise loan extremely difficult .(2) Talented person serious insufficient, the scientific research development and the technical attack investment too urine Mold profession is the technology, the fund, the work crowded industry, along with the time progress and the technical development, grasps the talented person which and skilled utilizes the new technology exceptionally short, the high-quality mold fitter and the enterprise management talent extremely is also anxious. Because the mold enterprise benefit unsatisfactory and takes insufficiently the scientific research development and the technical attack, the scientific research unit and the universities, colleges and institutes eye stares at is creating income, causes the mold profession invests too few in the scientific research development and the technical attack aspect, causes the mold technological development step not to be big, progresses not quick .(3) The craft equipment level to be low, also necessary is not good, the use factor low recent years our country engine bed profession progressed quickly, has been able to provide the quite complete precision work equipment, but compared with the overseas equipment, still had a bigger disparity. Although the domestic many enterprises have introduced many overseas advanced equipment, but the overall equipment level low are very more than the overseas many enterprises. As a result of aspect the and so on system and fund reason, introduces the equipment not not necessary, the equipment and the appendix not necessary phenomenon are extremely common, the equipment utilization rate low question cannot obtain the comparatively properly solution for a long time .(4) Specialization, standardization, commercialized degree low, the cooperation ability Because receives large and complete small and entire the influence since long ago, mold specialization level low, the specialized labor division is not careful, the commercialized degree is low. At present domestic every year produces mold, commodity mold minister 40% About, other for from produce uses for oneself. Between the mold enterprise cooperates impeded, completes the comparatively large-scale mold complete task with difficulty. Mold standardization level low, mold standard letter use cave rare is low also to the mold quality, the cost has a more tremendous influence, specially has very tremendous influence .(5) To the mold manufacture cycle) the mold material and the mold correlation technology falls The mold material performance, the quality and the variety question often can affect the mold quality, the life and the cost, the domestically produced molding tool steel and overseas imports the steel products to compare has a bigger disparity. Plastic, plate, equipment energy balance, also direct influence mold level enhancement . 1.2 Mold development situation in the future At present, our country economy still was at the high speed development phase, on the international economical globalization development tendency is day by day obvious, this has provided the good condition and the opportunity for the our country mold industry high speed development. On the one hand, the domestic mold market will continue high speed to develop, on the other hand, the mold manufacture also gradually will shift as well as the transnational group to our country carries on the mold purchase trend to our country extremely to be also obvious. Therefore, will take a broad view the future, international, the domestic mold market overall development tendency prospect will favor, estimated the Chinese mold will obtain the high speed development under the good market environment, our country not only can become the mold great nation, moreover certainly gradually will make the powerful nation to the mold the ranks to make great strides forward. 15 period, the Chinese mold industry level not only has the very big enhancement in the quantity and the archery target aspect, moreover the profession structure, the product level, the development innovation ability, enterprises system and the mechanism as well as the technology advancement aspect also can obtain a bigger development .The mold technology has gathered the machinery, the electron, chemistry, optics, the material, the computer, the precise monitor and the information network and so on many disciplines, is a comprehensive nature multi-disciplinary systems engineering. The mold technology development tendency mainly is the mold product to larger-scale, preciser, more complex and a more economical direction develops, the mold product technical content unceasingly enhances, the mold manufacture cycle unceasingly reduces, the mold production faces the information, is not having the chart, is fine, the automated direction develops, the mold enterprise to the technical integration, the equipment excellent, is producing approves the brand, the management information, the management internationalization direction develops. Our country mold profession still will have to enhance from now on the general character technology had :(1) To establish in the CAD/CAE platform the advanced mold design technology, enhances modernization which the mold designed, information, intellectualization, standardized level .(2) Establishes in the CAM/CAPP foundation the advanced mold processing technology and the advanced manufacture technology unifies, raises the automated level and the production efficiency which the mold processes .(3) The mold production enterprises information management technology. For example PDM (product data management), ERP (enterprise resource management), MIS (mold manufacture management information system) and information network technology the and so on INTERMET platform application, the promotion and the development .(4) Are high speed, Gao Jing, the compound mold processing technology research and the application. For example the ultra fine ramming mold manufacture technology, the precise plastic and the compression casting mold manufacture technology and so on .(5) Enhances the mold production efficiency, reduces the cost and reduces the mold production cycle each kind of fast economical mold manufacture technology .(6) The advanced manufacture technology application. For example hot technology and so on flow channel technology, gas auxiliary technology, hypothesized technology, nanotechnology, rapid scanning technology, reversion project, parallel project in the mold research, the development, the processing process application .(7) The raw material the simulation technology which forms in the mold .(8) The advanced mold processing and the appropriation equipment research and the development .(9) The mold and the mold standard letter, the important auxiliary standardized technology .(10) The mold and its the product examination technology.(11) High quality, the new mold material research and the development and its the correct application .(12) The mold production enterprises modern management technology Mold profession in 十15 period needs to solve the key essential technology should be the mold information, the digitized technology and precise, ultra fine, high speed, the highly effective manufacture technology aspect breakthrough Along with the national economy total quantity and the industry product technology unceasing development, all the various trades and occupations to the mold demand quantity more and more big, the specification more and more is also high.Although mold type many, but its development should be with emphasis both can meet the massive needs, and has the comparatively high-tech content, specially at present domestic still could not be self-sufficient, needs the massive imports the mold and can represent the development direction large-scale, precise, is complex, the long life mold. The mold standard letter type, the quantity, the level, the production a and so on have the significant influence to the entire mold profession development. Therefore, some important mold standard letters also must the prioritize, moreover its development speed should quickly to the mold development speed, like this be able unceasingly to raise our country mold standardization level, thus improves the mold quality, reduces the mold production cycle, reduces the cost. Because our country mold product holds the bigger price superiority in the international market, therefore regarding the exportation prospect good mold product also should take key develops. According to the above required quantity big, the technical content is high, represents the development direction, the export prospect good principle choice prioritize product, moreover chooses the product to have at present to have the certain technology base, belongs has the condition, has the product which the possibility develops .According to 十15 the mold profession development plan, 十15 the period mold product development mainly has following several kind of the automobile cover mold (1)Ramming mold to occupy The mold total quantity dish with emphasis above 40%. Automobile cover mold mainly for automobile necessary, also includes for the agriculture with the vehicle, the project machinery and the farm machinery necessary cover mold, it has the very big representation in the ramming mold, the mold mostly is large and middle scale, structure complex, the specification is high. For the passenger vehicle necessary cover mold, the request is in particular higher, may represent the ramming mold the level. This kind of mold our country had the certain technology base, already for middle-grade passenger vehicle necessary, but the level is not high, the ability is insufficient, at present satisfying rate only has one about the half. Center the upscale passenger vehicle cover mold main dependence import, has become the bottleneck which the automobile develops, enormous influence vehicle type development .(2)The precise ramming mold Multi- locations level was entering the mold and fine represents the ramming mold development direction, the precision request life request has been extremely high, mainly for the electronics industry, the automobile, the instrument measuring appliance, the electrical machinery electric appliance and so on formed a complete set. These two kind of molds, domestic had the suitable foundation, and has introduced the overseas technology and the equipment, the individual enterprise produces the product has achieved the world level, but the majority of enterprises still had a bigger disparity, the supply total quantity insufficient, the import were very many (3) The large-scale precise plastic mold Plastic mold accounts for the mold total quantity 10%, moreover this proportion also is rising. In the plastic mold necessary large-scale casts the mold for the automobile and the electrical appliances, necessary models for the integrated circuit seals the mold, for the electronic information industry and the machinery and the packing necessary multilayer, the multi- cavities, the multi- material qualities, the multicolor precise note , and saves water the agricultural necessary plastic different molding for the new building materials to squeeze out the mold and the pipeline and the nozzle mold and so on, at present although had the suitable technology base and fast is developing, but the technical level and overseas still had a bigger disparity, the total quantity falls short of demand, Every year import amount reaches several hundred million US dollar.(4) The main mold standard to imitatee At present domestically to have an greater output the mold standard letter mainly is the mold frame, the guidance, the throwout lever pushes the tube, the elastic part and so on. These products not only the domestic necessary massive need, the exportation prospect very is also good, should continue vigorously to develop. The nitrogen cylinder and the hot flow channel part main dependence import, should raise the level in the existing foundation, forms the standard and organization scale production.(5) The other high-tech content molds Occupiesin the mold total quantity green 8% compression casting mold, large-scale thin wall precise compression casting technology content high, the difficulty is big. The magnesium alloy compression casting mold at present although just started, but the prospects for development were good, have the representation. The meridian rubber tire mold also is the development direction, detachable mold technology difficulty is biggest. With fast takes shape some fast pattern making technologies and the corresponding fast economical mold which the technology unifies has the very good prospects for development. These high-tech content molds in 十15 period also should the prioritize .2 Modern rapid economic mold manufacturing technology 2.1 Modern rapid economic mold manufacturing technology development Along with the global economy development, the new technological revolution made the new progress and the breakthrough unceasingly, the technical leap development already becomes the important attribute which the impetus world economics grew. The market economy unceasing development, urges the industry product more and more to the multi- varieties, high grade, the low cost direction to develop, in order to maintain and strengthens the product in market competitive power, product development cycle, production cycle more and more short, thereupon to makes each kind of product the essential craft equipment mold request to be more and more harsh. On the one hand the enterprise for the pursue scale benefit, causes the mold to turn towards high speed, is precise, the long life direction develops; On the other hand enterprise in order to satisfy the multi- varieties, the product renewal quickly, wins the market the need, requests the mold to turn towards the manufacture cycle to be short, the cost low fast economy direction develops. The computer, the laser, electronic, the new material, the new technical development, causes the fast economical pattern making technology even more powerful, the application scope expands unceasingly, the type increases unceasingly, the creation economic efficiency and the social efficiency are more and more remarkable. The fast economical pattern making technology and the traditional machine-finishing compares, has the pattern making cycle short, the cost is low, the precision and the life can satisfy in the production the operation requirements, is synthesizes an economic efficiency quite remarkable kind to make the mold the technology, summarizes below, has several types to leave. 1 fast prototypes manufactures technology:The fast prototype manufacture technology is called RPM, is one kind of new manufacture technology which the 80s later period develops. US, Japan, England, Israel, Germany, China have all promoted own commercialization product, and has formed the new industry gradually.RPM is the computer, the laser, the optical scanning, the advanced new material, the computer-aided design (CAD), the computer assistance processing (CAM), the numerical control (CNC) synthesizes the application the high technology and new technology. In takes shape in the concept take the plane separate, piles up as the instruction, in the control take the computer and the numerical control as the foundation, take biggest flexibility as general goals. It has abandoned the traditional machine-finishing method, to the manufacturing industry transformation is a significant breakthrough, uses the RPM technology to be possible directly or indirectly the fast pattern making, this technology already by profession widespread application and so on automobile, aviation, electrical appliances, ships, medical service, mold. 2 surfaces take shape the pattern making technology:The surface takes shape the pattern making technology, mainly is the use spurts spreads, the electrolytic casting, chemistry corrosion and so on the new technique formation cavity surface and the fine pattern one kind of craft technology, in the practical application including following several kind of types. electric arcs spurt spread take shape the pattern making technology:The electric arc spurts spreads takes shape the technical principle is: Has the electric arc quantity of heat using between 2 circular telegrams tinsel to melt the tinsel, depends upon the compressed gas its full atomization, and gives the certain kinetic energy, high speed sprays in the type mold surface, layer upon layer mounts, forms a metal shell, namely the cavity internal surface, uses to fill the substrate material again (generally for metal silt and resin compound materials) performs to support the reinforcement, enhances its intensity and the rigidity, combines the mold together with the metal pattern frame. This kind of pattern making technology craft simple, cost low, manufacture cycle extremely short, the cavity surface takes shape only needs for several hours, saves the energy and the metal material, general cavity surface 2-3mm is only thick, simulation greatly strengthened, the pattern precision may achieve 0.5 mu m. At present this technology widely uses in superficial shape and so on airplane, automobile mold, electrical appliances, furniture, shoemaking, fine arts handicraft is complex and the pattern fine each kind of polyurethane product blow molding, attracts models, the PVC injection, PU becomes spongy and each kind of injection takes shape in the mold. 3 sprinkle to cast into the type system mold technique:Sprinkling to cast into technical and common characteristics of the type system mold is according to the kind piece for basis, sprinkle a convex and cave mold, a surface do not need the machine to process.Make physically to mainly have following several categories type in the mold. 4 extrusions takes shape the technology:Using the berylliuim copper alloy good thermal conductivity and the stability, after the solid melt aging treatment of metal, use the swaging pressure to make the mold concave model cavity. Its characteristic is makes the cycle short, the cavity precision is high (the IT7 level), surface roughness Ra=0.025 mu m, The intensity is high, the life may reach 500,000 times, does not have the environmental pollution. This technology is using the metal material in the thin crystal grain, certainly takes shape the temperature, under the low distortion speed condition, when the material has the best superplasticity, toes attend to carry out raised mold which the initiative finishes, then may extrude the concave mold with the small strength one kind of fast economical pattern making technology. Ultra models takes shape material typical representative is Zn-22%AL. 5 does not have the mold multi- spots forming technology:Does not have the mold multi- spots fast forming technology is by CAD/CAM/CAT The technology is the main method about, may adjust the base main body group highly using the computer control to form forms the surface, replaces the traditional mold to carry on the three dimensional curved surface forming to the sheet an modern advanced manufacture technology. This technology may change the distortion way and the stressful condition at will, enhances the material the formed limit, may form repeatedly, by this elimination material interior remaining stress, the realization does not have the snapping back forming 6 triumphant Uygur bright steel belt blanking falls the material pattern making technology The new steel belt blanking falls the material pattern making technology is one kind is different with has raised, the concave mold structure steel belt mold generally, it is with specially makes the new fast economical pattern making technology by the single edge steel belt which the backing strip is composed. This kind of mold weight is light, only then 200kg, the processing precision for 0.35-0.50mm, may suit each kind of black and the non-ferrous metal 0.5-0.65mm thick sheet processing generally. The life may achieve 5-25 ten thousand, the production cost is low. 7 molds semifinished materials fast manufacture technology solid casting:Because the massive molds are belong to the single unit or the production, the mold semifinished materials manufacture quality and the cycle and the cost to the final mold quality and cyclical and the cost influence are very important. The modern mold semifinished materials widely have used the seeds casting technology, the so-called solid casting is (polystyrene PS either polymethacrylate PMMA) manufactures using the foam plastics replaces traditional the wooden mold or the metal pattern, after the modelling does not have to take out the model, then may the casting, under the foam plastics model high temperature liquid metal function, deflagrate the gasification but to vanish, the molten metal substitution original foam plastics model holds the position, after the condensation forms the casting. 8 other aspects technologies in order to simplify the mold the structural design, reduces the mold cost, reduces the mold manufacture cycle, in domestic and foreign also successively appeared some other aspects new technology application, like trades the mold frame, the ramming unit, the cutting edge built-up welding quickly, inlays the block casting, the nitrogen spring and so on. Nitrogen springs on mold application:The nitrogen spring is one kind of new elastic function part, replaces the spring, the rubber, the polyurethane or the air cushion with it side, it can accurately provide presses the strength, then may have the greatly initial ball pressure in the small space, does not need pre- tightly, is basically hit the pressure basically in the mold entire work process to be constant. The ball pressure size and the working point position may, accurate, conveniently adjust as necessary, simplifies the mold to stretch, nearby the pressure, ex-denning isostructuralism, simplifies the mold design, reduces the pattern making cycle, debugs the mold to be convenient, reduces the replacement mold time, enhances the production efficiency. Fast trades the mold technology:Because product variety increasing, causes the mold in the production the transmutation extremely frequently, how thereupon reduces the ramming equipment the down time, enhances the production efficiency, fast traded the mold technology to receive peoples attention. At present developed industrial nation some big companies traded the mold speed to achieve astonishing degree, whether had fast trades the mold technology to become for an enterprise technology advancement sign. The always tendency is reduces the mold to install on the equipment, to be fixed, the adjustment time, this both must give in the equipment structural design to consider, and must in the mold structural design, the standardized aspect consider, machine on work as far as possible placing machine under will do. Ramming units combination technology:The ramming unit combination technology is dies a resolve into each one simple unit the convention to die, according to the working procedure request, the arrangement combination, completes the many kinds of ramming working procedure when the identical inferior stroke the new craft equipment, the work the ramming unit not with the punch press slide joint, only needs the slide attack then to complete the ramming work. When independent employment it is 1 complete mold. It may use for to process the sheet or the molding punch holes, falls the material, cuts the angle, the grooving, shuts off and the shallow stretch and so on. Has the assembly strongly, the easy to operate, the versatility, the efficiency is quickly good and so on the characteristic, suits the multi- varieties specially, center the production. May process the plastic in mold manufacture application May process the plastic to be common in the developed industrial nation application, specially in manufacturing industry and so on automobile, airplane, mainly replaces the lumber or the metal manufacture automobile body host model, the profile, examines has and the casting model and so on. May process the plastic the main characteristic is has both the lumber and the metal fine workability, the manufacture craft simple and direct (may use compression molding, pour, spells sticks, method well and so on sculpture), the size stability, does not distort, bears moistly, anti-corrosive, is easy to repair, the easy modification, the weight light, the manufacture cycle short, the cost to be low. Fast economical pattern making technology type very many, its has the characteristic, the application scope are various, this article only can broadly make some simple introductions, each kind of technology still had many concrete technological processes, the craft parameter and its the technical characteristic in the concrete application and the implementation process. 2.2 Rapid economic model-making technology characteristics and applications The mold is one of foundation industries, in the globalization market economy and under each kind of high technology and new technology swift and violent development situation, the fast economical mold has entrusted with the new mission and the brand-new connotation, the classification increases unceasingly, the fast economical pattern making material turns towards the multi- varieties seriation to make great strides forward, the craft has the new innovation and the breakthrough unceasingly, is published one after another with it supplementary equipment, the service domain in opens up unceasingly, the creation economic efficiency is more and more remarkable. Along with the commodity economy development, the intense market competition, the product renewal acceleration, is reducing the cycle to the fast economical pattern making technology, reduces the cost, will increase the precision and lengthens the life aspect the request to be able to be more and more high inevitably. Because it can cause the enterprise to win the market, creates the remarkable economic efficiency, more and more receives entrepreneurs favor and the concerned leader departments enormous attention and the policy fund support. Each kind of fast economical pattern making technology also can consummate mature and the development unceasingly in the promoted application process, as a result of the high technology and new technology development, each kind of technical bonding with the seepage, for the adaption production in different demand, surely will be able to form some, the frugal energy, the frugal material fast pattern making technology new from now on. 中文译文模具设计与制造1 国内外发展状况模具是制造业的重要工艺基础，在我国，模具制造属于专用设备制造业。中国虽然很早就开始制造模具和使用模具，但长期未形成产业。直到20世纪80年代后期，中国模具工业才驶入发展的快车道。近年，不仅国有模具企业有了很大发展，三资企业、乡镇（个体）模具企业的发展也相当迅速。虽然中国模具工业发展迅速，但与需求相比，显然供不应求，其主要缺口集中于精密、大型、复杂、长寿命模具领域。由于在模具精度、寿命、制造周期及生产能力等方面，中国与国际平均水平和发达国家仍有较大差距，因此，每年需要大量进口模具。中国模具产业除了要继续提高生产能力，今后更要着重于行业内部结构的调整和技术发展水平的提高。结构调整方面，主要是企业结构向专业化调整，产品结构向着中高档模具发展，向进出口结构的改进，中高档汽车覆盖件模具成形分析及结构改进、多功能复合模具和复合加工及激光技术在模具设计制造上的应用、高速切削、超精加工及抛光技术、信息化方向发展。近年，模具行业结构调整和体制改革步伐加大，主要表现在，大型、精密、复杂、长寿命、中高档模具及模具标准件发展速度高于一般模具产品；塑料模和压铸模比例增大；专业模具厂数量及其生产能力增加；“三资”及私营企业发展迅速；股份制改造步伐加快等。从地区分布来看，以珠江三角洲和长江三角洲为中心的东南沿海地区发展快于中西部地区，南方的发展快于北方。目前发展最快、模具生产最为集中的省份是广东和浙江，江苏、上海、安徽和山东等地近几年也有较大发展。1.1 国内面临的问题虽然我国模具总量目前已达到相当规模，模具水平也有很大提高，但设计制造水平总体上落后于德、美、日、法、意等工业发达国家许多。当前存在的问题和差距主要表现在以下几方面：（1）总量供不应求国内模具自配率只有70%左右。其中低档模具供过于求，中高档模具自配率只有50%左右。（2）企业组织结构、产品结构、技术结构和进出口结构均不合理我国模具生产厂中多数是自产自配的工模具车间（分厂），自产自配比例高达60%左右，而国外模具超过70%属商品模具。专业模具厂大多是“大而全”、“小而全”的组织形式，而国外大多是“小而专”、“小而精”。国内大型、精密、复杂、长寿命的模具占总量比例不足30%，而国外在50%以上。2004年，模具进出口之比为3.7:1，进出口相抵后的净进口额达13.2亿美元，为世界模具净进口量最大的国家。（3）模具产品水平大大低于国际水平，生产周期却高于国际水平产品水平低主要表现在模具的精度、型腔表面粗糙度、寿命及结构等方面。（4）开发能力较差，经济效益欠佳我国模具企业技术人员比例低，水平较低，且不重视产品开发，在市场中经常处于被动地位。我国每个模具职工平均年创造产值约合1万美元，国外模具工业发达国家大多是1520万美元，有的高达2530万美元，与之相对的是我国相当一部分模具企业还沿用过去作坊式管理，真正实现现代化企业管理的企业较少。造成上述差距的原因很多，除了历史上模具作为产品长期未得到应有的重视，以及多数国有企业机制不能适应市场经济之外，还有下列几个原因：（1）国家对模具工业的政策支持力度还不够虽然国家已经明确颁布了模具行业的产业政策，但配套政策少，执行力度弱。目前享受模具产品增值税的企业全国只有185家，大多数企业仍旧税负过重。模具企业进行技术改造引进设备要缴纳相当数量的税金，影响技术进步，而且民营企业贷款十分困难。（2）人才严重不足，科研开发及技术攻关投入太少模具行业是技术、资金、劳动密集的产业，随着时代的进步和技术的发展，掌握并且熟练运用新技术的人才异常短缺，高级模具钳工及企业管理人才也非常紧张。由于模具企业效益欠佳及对科研开发和技术攻关重视不够，科研单位和大专院校的眼睛盯着创收，导致模具行业在科研开发和技术攻关方面投入太少，致使模具技术发展步伐不大，进展不快。（3）工艺装备水平低，且配套性不好，利用率低近年来我国机床行业进步较快，已能提供比较成套的高精度加工设备，但与国外装备相比，仍有较大差距。虽然国内许多企业已引进许多国外先进设备，但总体的装备水平比国外许多企业低很多。由于体制和资金等方面的原因，引进设备不配套，设备与附件不配套现象十分普遍，设备利用率低的问题长期得不到较妥善的解决。（4）专业化、标准化、商品化程度低，协作能力差由于长期以来受“大而全”“小而全”影响，模具专业化水平低，专业分工不细致，商品化程度低。目前国内每年生产的模具，商品模具只占40%左右，其余为自产自用。模具企业之间协作不畅，难以完成较大规模的模具成套任务。模具标准化水平低，模具标准件使用覆盖率低也对模具质量、成本有较大影响，特别是对模具制造周期有很大影响。（5）模具材料及模具相关技术落后模具材料性能、质量和品种问题往往会影响模具质量、寿命及成本，国产模具钢与国外进口钢材相比有较大差距。塑料、板材、设备性能差，也直接影响模具水平的提高。目前，我国经济仍处于高速发展阶段，国际上经济全球化发展趋势日趋明显，这为我国模具工业高速发展提供了良好的条件和机遇。一方面，国内模具市场将继续高速发展，另一方面，模具制造也逐渐向我国转移以及跨国集团到我国进行模具采购趋向也十分明显。因此，放眼未来，国际、国内的模具市场总体发展趋势前景看好，预计中国模具将在良好的市场环境下得到高速发展，我国不但会成为模具大国，而且一定逐步向模具制造强国的行列迈进。“十一五”期间，中国模具工业水平不仅在量和质的方面有很大提高，而且行业结构、产品水平、开发创新能力、企业的体制与机制以及技术进步的方面也会取得较大发展。 1.2模具未来发展状况模具技术集合了机械、电子、化学、光学、材料、计算机、精密监测和信息网络等诸多学科，是一个综合性多学科的系统工程。模具技术的发展趋势主要是模具产品向着更大型、更精密、更复杂及更经济的方向发展，模具产品的技术含量不断提高，模具制造周期不断缩短，模具生产朝着信息化、无图化、精细化、自动化的方向发展，模具企业向着技术集成化、设备精良化、产批品牌化、管理信息化、经营国际化的方向发展。我国模具行业今后仍需提高的共性技术有：（1）建立在CAD/CAE平台上的先进模具设计技术，提高模具设计的现代化、信息化、智能化、标准化水平。（2）建立在CAM/CAPP基础上的先进模具加工技术与先进制造技术相结合，提高模具加工的自动化水平与生产效率。（3）模具生产企业的信息化管理技术。例如PDM（产品数据管理）、ERP（企业资源管理）、MIS（模具制造管理信息系统）及INTERMET平台等信息网络技术的应用、推广及发展。（4）高速、高精、复合模具加工技术的研究与应用。例如超精冲压模具制造技术、精密塑料和压铸模具制造技术等。（5）提高模具生产效率、降低成本和缩短模具生产周期的各种快速经济模具制造技术。（6）先进制造技术的应用。例如热流道技术、气辅技术、虚拟技术、纳米技术、高速扫描技术、逆向工程、并行工程等技术在模具研究、开发、加工过程中的应用（7）原材料在模具中成形的仿真技术。（8）先进的模具加工和专有设备的研究与开发。（9）模具及模具标准件、重要辅件的标准化技术。（10）模具及其制品的检测技术。（11）优质、新型模具材料的研究与开发及其正确应用。（12）模具生产企业的现代化管理技术。模具行业在“十一五”期间需要解决的重点关键技术应是模具信息化、数字化技术和精密、超精、高速、高效制造技术方面的突破。随着国民经济总量和工业产品技术的不断发展，各行各业对模具的需求量越来越大，技术要求也越来越高。虽然模具种类繁多，但其发展重点应该是既能满足大量需要，又有较高技术含量，特别是目前国内尚不能自给，需大量进口的模具和能代表发展方向的大型、精密、复杂、长寿命模具。模具标准件的种类、数量、水平、生产集中度等对整个模具行业的发展有重大影响。因此，一些重要的模具标准件也必须重点发展，而且其发展速度应快于模具的发展速度，这样才能不断提高我国模具标准化水平，从而提高模具质量，缩短模具生产周期，降低成本。由于我国的模具产品在国际市场上占有较大的价格优势，因此对于出口前景好的模具产品也应作为重点来发展。根据上述需要量大、技术含量高、

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