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THEDESIGNOFTHELITHIUMBATTERYCHARGERINTRODUCTIONLIIONRECHARGEABLEBATTERIESAREFINDINGTHEIRWAYINTOMANYAPPLICATIONSDUETOTHEIRSIZE,WEIGHTANDENERGYSTORAGEADVANTAGESTHESEBATTERIESAREALREADYCONSIDEREDTHEPREFERREDBATTERYINPORTABLECOMPUTERAPPLICATIONS,DISPLACINGNIMHANDNICADBATTERIES,ANDCELLULARPHONESAREQUICKLYBECOMINGTHESECONDMAJORMARKETPLACEFORLIIONTHEREASONISCLEARLIIONBATTERIESOFFERMANYADVANTAGESTOTHEENDCONSUMERINPORTABLECOMPUTERS,LIIONBATTERYPACKSOFFERLONGERRUNTIMESOVERNICADANDNIMHPACKSFORTHESAMEFORMFACTORANDSIZE,WHILEREDUCINGWEIGHTTHESAMEADVANTAGESARETRUEFORCELLULARPHONESAPHONECANBEMADESMALLERANDLIGHTERUSINGLIIONBATTERIESWITHOUTSACRIFICINGRUNTIMEASLIIONBATTERYCOSTSCOMEDOWN,EVENMOREAPPLICATIONSWILLSWITCHTOTHISLIGHTERANDSMALLERTECHNOLOGYMARKETTRENDSSHOWACONTINUALGROWTHINALLRECHARGEABLEBATTERYTYPESASCONSUMERSCONTINUETODEMANDTHECONVENIENCEOFPORTABILITYMARKETDATAFOR1997SHOWSTHATAPPROXIMATELY200MILLIONCELLSOFLIIONWILLBESHIPPED,COMPAREDTO600MILLIONCELLSOFNIMHHOWEVER,ITISIMPORTANTTONOTETHATTHREECELLSOFNIMHAREEQUIVALENTTOONELIIONCELLWHENPACKAGEDINTOABATTERYPACKTHUS,THEACTUALVOLUMEISVERYCLOSETOTHESAMEFORBOTH1997ALSOMARKEDTHEFIRSTYEARLIIONWASTHEBATTERYTYPEUSEDINTHEMAJORITYOFPORTABLECOMPUTERS,DISPLACINGNIMHFORTHETOPSPOTDATAFORTHECELLULARMARKETSHOWEDASHIFTTOLIIONINTHEMAJORITYOFPHONESSOLDIN1997INEUROPEANDJAPANLIIONBATTERIESAREANEXCITINGBATTERYTECHNOLOGYTHATMUSTBEWATCHEDTOMAKESENSEOFTHESENEWBATTERIES,THISDESIGNGUIDEEXPLAINSTHEFUNDAMENTALS,THECHARGINGREQUIREMENTSANDTHECIRCUITSTOMEETTHESEREQUIREMENTSALONGWITHMOREANDMORETHEEMERGENCEOFTHEHANDHELDELECTRICAPPLIANCES,TOTHEHIGHPERFORMANCE,BABYSIZE,WEIGHTNEEDOFTHELIGHTBATTERYCHARGERALSOMORECOMEMOREBIGTHEBATTERYISTECHNICALTOPROGRESSTOALSOREQUESTCONTINUOUSLYTOREFRESHTHECALCULATEWAYMORECOMPLICATEDLYISFASTWITHTHEREALIZATION,SAFETYOFREFRESHTHEREFORENEEDWANTTOCARRYONTHEMOREACCURATESUPERVISIONTOWARDSREFRESHINGTHEPROCESS,TOSHORTENTOREFRESHTIMEANDATTAINTHEBIGGESTBATTERYCAPACITY,ANDPREVENTFROMTHEBATTERYBADTHEAVRHASALREADYLEDTHEONESTEPINTHECOMPETITION,ISPROVEISPERFECTCONTROLCHIPOFTHENEXTGENERATIONCHARGERTHEMICROPROCESSOROFATMELAVRISCURRENTANDCANPROVIDEFLASH,EEPROMAND10ADCSESBYSINGLESLICEONTHEMARKETOF8RISCMICROPROCESSORSOFTHETALLESTEFFECTBECAUSETHESAVINGMACHINEOFPROCEDUREISAFLASH,THEREFORECANNEEDNOTELEPHANTMASKROMSIMILAR,HAVEAFEWSOFTWAREEDITIONSAFEWMODELNUMBERSOFSTOCKTHEFLASHCANCARRYONAGAINTOWEAVETHEDISTANCEBEFOREDELIVERGOODS,ORINTHEPCBSTICKAFTERPACKCARRYONWEAVINGTHEDISTANCETHROUGHANISPAGAIN,THUSALLOWTOCARRYONTHESOFTWARERENEWALINTHELASTONEMINUTETHEEEPROMCANUSEDFORCONSERVANCYMARKCERTAINLYCOEFFICIENTANDTHEBATTERYCHARACTERISTICPARAMETER,SUCHASTHECONSERVANCYREFRESHESRECORDWITHTHEBATTERYTHATRAISETHEACTUALUSAGECAPACITY10A/DSCONVERSIONMACHINECANPROVIDETHEENOUGHDIAGRAPHACCURACY,MAKINGTHECAPACITYOFTHEGOODEMPRESSEVENNEARTOITSBIGGESTCAPACITYANDOTHERPROJECTFORATTAININGTHISPURPOSE,POSSIBLEDEMANDTHEADCOFTHEEXTERIOR,NOTONLYTAKEUPTHESPACEOFPCB,BUTALSORAISEDTHESYSTEMCOSTTHEAVRISTHUSDELUXELANGUAGEBUT8MICROPROCESSORSOFTHEDESIGNSOFUNIQUENEEDLEOBJECTCCURRENTLYTHEAT90S4433REFERENCETHEDESIGNISWITHCTOWRITE,THEELUCIDATIONCARRIESONTHESOFTWAREDESIGNSISWHATANDSIMPLEWITHTHEDELUXELANGUAGECODEOFCTHISDESIGNISVERYCARRYONADJUSTEASILYTOSUITCURRENTANDFUTUREBATTERYBUTTHEATTINY15REFERENCEDESIGNTHENUSEEDITCOLLECTEDMATERIALSTHELANGUAGETOWRITEOF,WITHACQUIRETHEBIGGESTCODEDENSITYANELECTRICAPPLIANCESOFTHEMODERNCONSUMPTIONMAINLYUSESASFOLLOWSFOURKINDSOFBATTERIES1SEALCOMPLETELYTHESOURBATTERYOFLEADSLA2THEBATTERYOFNICD3THENIMHHYDROGENBATTERYNIMH4LITHIUMBATTERYLIIONATRIGHTCHOICEBATTERYANDREFRESHTHECALCULATEWAYNEEDTOUNDERSTANDTHEBACKGROUNDKNOWLEDGEOFTHESEBATTERIESSEALCOMPLETELYTHESOURBATTERYSLAOFLEADSEALSCOMPLETELYTHESOURBATTERYOFLEADTOMAINLYUSEDFORTHEMOREIMPORTANTSITUATIONOFTHECOSTRATIOSPACEANDWEIGHTS,SUCHASTHEUPSANDREPORTTOTHEPOLICETHEBACKUPBATTERYOFTHESYSTEMTHEBATTERYOFSLASETTLESTHEELECTRICVOLTAGETOCARRYON,ASSISTLIMITSTOAVOIDWITHTHEELECTRICCURRENTATREFRESHTHEPROCESSOFEARLYBATTERYLEADTHEHEATWANT～ONLYTHEELECTRICITYTHEPONDUNITELECTRICVOLTAGEDOESNOTEXCEEDTHEPROVISIONTHETYPICALMODELISWORTHFORTHE22VSOFPRODUCETHECOMPANY,THEBATTERYOFSLACANREFRESHWITHOUTLIMITTHEBATTERYOFNICDBATTERYOFNICDUSEVERYWIDESPREADCURRENTLYITSADVANTAGEISANOPPOSITECHEAPNESS,BEINGEASYTOTHEUSAGE；WEAKNESSISFROMTURNONELECTRICITYTHERATEHIGHERTHEBATTERYOFNICDOFTHETYPICALMODELCANREFRESH1,000TIMESTHEEXPIREDMECHANISMMAINLYISAPOLETOTURNOVERTHEFIRSTINTHEBATTERYPACKDRIVEOVERTHEUNITTHATALLTURNONELECTRICITYWILLTAKEPLACETHEREVERSALFORPREVENTFROMINGDAMAGETHEBATTERYWRAP,NEEDINGTOSUPERVISEANDCONTROLTHEELECTRICVOLTAGEWITHOUTABREAKONCEUNITELECTRICVOLTAGEDESCENDTHE10VSMUSTSHUTDOWNTHEBATTERYOFNICDCARRIESONREFRESHINSETTLINGTHEELECTRICCURRENTBYFOREVERTHENIMHHYDROGENBATTERYNIMHHOLDSTOSHOOTTHEELEPHANTMACHINESUCHASTHECELLULARPHONE,HANDINTHEHANDTHATTHEIMPORTANCEMEASUREHOLDEQUIPMENTS,THEETCNIMHHYDROGENBATTERYISANUSAGETHEMOSTWIDETHISKINDOFBATTERYPERMITTHEQUANTITYISBIGGERTHANNICDSBECAUSELEADTOREFRESHANDWILLRESULTINBATTERYOFNIMHLOSEEFFICACY,CARRYONMEASURINGBYTHESQUAREINREFRESHPROCESSWITHSTOPISCOUNTFORMUCHINFITTIMESIMILARTOBATTERYOFNICD,THEPOLETURNOVERTHEBATTERYALSOWILLDAMAGEBATTERYOFNIMHOFFROMTURNONELECTRICITYTHERATEANDISPROBABLY20/MONTHSIMILARTOBATTERYOFNICD,THEBATTERYOFNIMHALSOSETTLESTHEELECTRICCURRENTTOREFRESHOTHERBATTERIESSAYSCOMPAREINLITHIUMBATTERYLIIONANDTHISTEXTS,THELITHIUMBATTERYHASTHETALLESTENERGY/WEIGHTTOCOMPARETOCOMPAREWITHENERGY/PHYSICALVOLUMELITHIUMBATTERYSETTLETHEELECTRICVOLTAGETOCARRYONREFRESHWITH,WANTTOHAVETHEELECTRICCURRENTRESTRICTTOLEADTHEHEATINTHEEARLYBATTERYOFREFRESHTHEPROCESSBYAVOIDATTHESAMETIMEWHENREFRESHTHEELECTRICCURRENTDESCENDTOPRODUCETHEMINIMUMELECTRICCURRENTOFTHEENACTMENTOFCOMPANYWILLSTOPREFRESHLEADINGTOREFRESHWILLRESULTINBATTERYDAMAGE,EVENEXPLODINGTHESAFETYOFTHEBATTERYREFRESHESTHEFASTCHARGEMACHINENAMELYBATTERYCANATSMALLBEFILLEDWITHTHEELECTRICITYIN3HOURS,ISUSUALLYAHOURDEMANDOFTHEMODERNCANTOTHEUNITELECTRICVOLTAGE,REFRESHTHEELECTRICCURRENTANDTHEBATTERYTEMPERATURESTOCARRYONTOMEASUREBYTHESQUARE,AVOIDATTHETIMEOFBEINGFILLEDWITHTHEELECTRICITYBECAUSEOFLEADINGTOREFRESHRESULTINOFDAMAGEREFRESHTHEMETHODSLABATTERYANDLITHIUMBATTERIESREFRESHESTHEMETHODTOSETTLETHEELECTRICVOLTAGEMETHODTOWANTTOLIMITTOFLOWFORTHEEVER；THEBATTERYOFNICDANDBATTERYOFNIMHSREFRESHTHEMETHODSETTLETHEELECTRICCURRENTMETHODFORTHEEVER,ANDHAVESEVERALSTOSTOPTHEJUDGMENTMETHODFORREFRESHDIFFERENTLYBIGGESTREFRESHTHEELECTRICCURRENTBIGGESTREFRESHTHEELECTRICCURRENTTOHAVERELATIONWITHBATTERYCAPACITYCBIGGESTUSUALLYREFRESHTHEELECTRICCURRENTTOMEANWITHTHENUMBEROFTHEBATTERYCAPACITYFOREXAMPLE,THECAPACITYOFTHEBATTERYFOR750MAHS,REFRESHTHEELECTRICCURRENTAS750MAS,THENREFRESHTHEELECTRICCURRENTAS1C1TIMESBATTERYCAPACITYIFTHEELECTRICCURRENTTOFLOWREFRESHISAC/40,THENREFRESHINGTHEELECTRICCURRENTFORTHEBATTERYCAPACITYINADDITIONTOWITH40LEADTHEHOTBATTERYREFRESHISTHEPROCESSTHATTHEELECTRICPOWERDELIVERSTHEBATTERYENERGYBYCHEMICALREACTIONCONSERVANCYCOMEDOWNBUTISNOTALLTHEELECTRICPOWERSALLCONVERTFORTHESAKEOFTHECHEMISTRYINTHEBATTERYABILITYSOMEELECTRICPOWERCONVERSIONSBECAMETHETHERMALENERGY,HAVINGTHEFUNCTIONOFTHEHEATINGTOTHEBATTERYWHENELECTRICITYAFTERPONDBEFILLEDWITH,IFCONTINUETOREFRESH,THENALLELECTRICPOWERSCONVERSIONISTHETHERMALENERGYOFTHEBATTERYATFASTCHARGETHISWILLMAKETHEBATTERYHEATQUICKLY,IFTHEHOUROFCANNOTCOMPAREWITHSTOPREFRESHANDTHENWILLRESULTINBATTERYDAMAGETHEREFORE,WHILEDESIGNTHEBATTERYCHARGER,TOTHETEMPERATUREITISCOUNTFORMUCHTHATCARRYONTHESUPERVISIONCOMBINETOSTOPREFRESHINTIMETHEDISCRETIONMETHODBATTERYSTOPPEDREFRESHOFDIFFERENTANDAPPLIEDSITUATIONANDWORKENVIRONMENTLIMITTEDTOTHECHOICEOFTHEMETHODTHATTHEJUDGMENTSTOPREFRESHTHESOMETIMESTEMPERATUREALLOWOFNOMEASUREEASILY,BUTCANMEASUREELECTRICVOLTAGE,ORISOTHERCIRCUMSTANCESTHISTEXTTAKESTHEELECTRICVOLTAGEVARIETYRATEDV/DTASTHEBASICJUDGMENTTOSTOPTHEMETHODFORREFRESH,BUTWITHTHETEMPERATUREANDABSOLUTEELECTRICVOLTAGEBEWORTHFORASSISTANCEANDBACKUPBUTTHEHARDWARESUPPORTTHATTHISTEXTDESCRIBESPEAKSASFOLLOWSTHEMETHODOFTHEHAVINGSOFSAYTIMEOFT–THISMETHODTHATISTHEDECISIONWHENSTOPREFRESHMOSTINBRIEFUSUALLYUSEDFORSPAREPROJECTOFTHEHOUROFFASTCHARGESOMETIMESALSOBEREFRESH1416HOURBASICPROJECTOFTHEMETHODBEAPPLICABLETOVARIOUSBATTERYSTOPREFRESHWHENTHEELECTRICVOLTAGEOFV–BETHEELECTRICVOLTAGETOOUTRUNTHEUPPERLIMITUSUALLYWITHTHEFOREVERSETTLETHEELECTRICCURRENTREFRESHESTHEMATCHUSAGETHEBIGGESTELECTRICCURRENTISDECIDEBYTHEBATTERY,USUALLYFORTHE1CFORPREVENTFROMINGREFRESHTHEELECTRICCURRENTLEADSTOCAUSESBATTERYLEADGREATLYHOT,THERESTRICTOFTHEELECTRICCURRENTATTHISTIMEVERYKEYTHISMETHODISALITHIUMBATTERYBASICTOREFRESHANDSTOPPROJECTTHEACTUALLITHIUMBATTERYCHARGERUSUALLYSTILLCONTINUESINTOAFTERATTAINBIGGESTELECTRICVOLTAGEGOTHESECONDSTAGEREFRESH,TOATTAIN100BATTERYCAPACITYFORBATTERYOFNICDANDBATTERYOFNIMHSAREORIGINALLYMETHODCANBETHESPAREJUDGMENTSTOPSREFRESHINGTHEPROJECTTHEMETHODEXPLOITATIONTHATTHISJUDGMENTOFTHEDV/DT–ELECTRICVOLTAGEVARIETYRATESTOPSREFRESHNEGATIVEELECTRICVOLTAGEVARIETYRATEFORTHEBATTERYOFSOMETYPES,BETHEBATTERYTOBEFILLEDWITHTHESUBSEQUENCEREFRESHINGCONTINUOUSLYWILLCAUSEELECTRICVOLTAGEDESCENDATTHISTIMETHISPROJECTWASVERYFITTHISMETHODUSUALLYUSEDSFORTHEEVERTOSETTLETHEELECTRICCURRENTTOREFRESH,BEAPPLICABLETOTOTHEFASTCHARGEOFTHEBATTERYOFNICDANDBATTERYOFNIMHTHEELECTRICCURRENTOFI–ISTOREFRESHTHEELECTRICCURRENTSMALLINACERTAINTHENUMBERTHATSETINADVANCESTOPREFRESHUSUALLYUSEDFORTHEEVERTOSETTLETHEELECTRICVOLTAGETOREFRESHTHEMETHODBEAPPLICABLETOTHESLABATTERYANDLITHIUMBATTERYTHET–TEMPERATUREABSOLUTEZEROCANBETHEBASISTHATBATTERYOFNICDANDBATTERYOFNIMHSSTOPREFRESH,BUTEVENSUITEDFORTOBETHEBACKUPPROJECTANYBATTERYFORTEMPERATURETOOUTRUNINITIALVALUEHAVETOSTOPREFRESHTHEBASISTHATTHEDT/DT–TEMPERATURERISINGVELOCITYFASTCHARGEVARIETYRATEOFTHETEMPERATUREOFHOURCANBETOSTOPREFRESHPLEASECONSULTTHENORMTHATTHEBATTERYPRODUCESTHECOMPANYBATTERYOFNICDOFTYPICALMODELBEWORTHFORTHE1OC/MINTHE–BEAPPLICABLETOTHEBATTERYOFNICDANDBATTERYOFNIMHSNEEDTOSTOPREFRESHWHENTHEDT–OUTRUNTHETEMPERATUREVALUEOFTHEENVIRONMENTTEMPERATURETOBETHEBADBATTERYTEMPERATUREANDTHEENVIRONMENTTEMPERATURETOEXCEEDTHECERTAINTHRESHOLDTHISMETHODCANBETHEBATTERYOFNICDANDTHEPROJECTTHATBATTERYOFSLASTOPSREFRESHWHILEREFRESHINGINTHECOLDENVIRONMENTTHISMETHODCOMPARESTHEABSOLUT
