由于是第一次接触矿用绞车制动及控制系统设计，以前接触这方面的知识较少，所以在刚开始时不是很顺利，甚至感到有些无从下手，但是经过指导老师的提示以及大量阅读相关资料之后，我逐渐找到了设计的切入点，顺利的完成了开题报告。并有了一定的成果和进行了一些前期的工作，使本次设计有了一个良好的开始。现在我已经进入了计算设计过程，我将在以后工作中继续努力，认真完成这次毕业设计。

三、阶段性成果：

1设计说明书已经基本完成，剩余调整部分的工作；

2.绘图工作进行了部分，还有一部分结构没有绘出。

3.英语著作翻译已经完成。

四、存在主要问题：

由于我对矿用绞车不是十分熟悉，以前接触的相关知识又少，所以导致在刚开始不是很顺利。对该毕业设计的基本知识都没有认识，后来我找了老师，老师针对我们以往本科生毕业设计存在的问题，给我们进行了仔细的讲解，使我慢慢的找到了设计的切入点，我觉得这个探索过程对我以后将有很大的作用。

但是随着设计的逐渐进行我又遇到了许多的新的和更加复杂的问题，这些问题使我充分认识到了自己在以前学习中的不足，所以我要以本次设计为契机，要多看书，加强自己在过去学习上薄弱环节，也要查阅更多的资料，扩大自己的知识面，提高自己的知识水平。最终争取使我的毕业设计能够取得好的成绩，也能够使我所学的知识能够在以后的工作中发挥更好、更大的作用。

五、指导教师对学生在毕业实习中，劳动、学习纪律及毕业设计（论文）进展等方面的评语

摘要

矿山提升设备是矿山运输中的咽喉设备，占有特殊地位，是井下与地面联系的主要工具。

矿山提升设备的用途是沿井筒提运矿石和废石，升降人员，下放材料、工具和设备。矿山提升设备在工作中如果一旦发生机械和电气故障就会造成停产，甚至人身伤亡。为了保证生产和人员的安全要求矿山提升设备运行准确，安全可靠，井必须配有性能良好的控制设备和保护装置。

矿山提升设备的耗电量一般占矿井总耗电量的30%一40%，所以为了降低矿石的成本，必须经济合理地选择和使用矿山提升设备。矿山提升设备又是矿井最大固定设备之一，是—套较复杂的机械-电气机组。

这篇毕业设计的论文主要阐述的是一套系统的关于环面蜗轮蜗杆减速器的设计方法。环面蜗轮蜗杆减速器是蜗轮蜗杆减速器的一种形式.这个方法是以加工过程和蜗轮减速器的使用条件的数学和物理公式为基础的。

目前，在环面蜗轮蜗杆减速器的设计、制造以及应用上，国内与国外先进水平相比仍有较大差距。国内在设计制造环面蜗轮蜗杆减速器过程中存在着很大程度上的缺点，正如论文中揭示的那样，重要的问题如：轮齿的根切；蜗杆毛坯的正确设计；蜗轮蜗杆的校核。

关键词：绞车；减速器；蜗轮；蜗杆

ABSTRACT

The mine lift technique is in the mine haulage pharynx and larynx equipment, holds the special status, and is the mine shaft and the ground relation main tool.

The mine lift technique use is picks up and ships the ore and the scrap rock along the well chamber, the fluctuation personnel, the release material, the tool and the equipment. Mine lift technique in work once if has the machinery and the electrical failure can create the production suspension, even person casualties. In order to guarantee the production and personnel's safety requirements mine lift technique movement is accurate, safe reliable, the well must have the performance good control device and the protective device.

The mine lift technique power consumption occupies the mine pit total power consumption generally 170%, therefore in order to reduce the ore the cost, must the economical reasonably choice and the use mine lift technique. The mine lift technique also is one of mine pit most greatly fixed equipments, is the complex machinery - electricity unit.

This paper of graduation project mainly presents a systematic approach for the design of circular worm gear reducer . circular worm gear reducer is one of the members in the worm gear reducer family . the approach is based on the mathematical formulations and physical formulation on the generation process and conditions for the type of worm reducer .

At present, we still fall far short of abroad advanced technology in design, manufacture and using. There are a lot of fault in the design of circular worm gear reduce. As can be revealed from the literature search , important problem such as： tooth undercutting ；proper design of worm gear blank；computations of worm and label gear.

Key words: Lifting hoist ；reducer ；worm ；ge

前言2

第一章回柱绞车的概况与方案的初步拟定6

1.1、国内外回柱小绞车的概况6

1.2、回柱绞车的主要传动方式类型9

第二章总体设计任务与方案的拟定10

2.1总体方案的初步拟定11

2.2主要组成部分11

第三章机械传动系统方案设计13

3.1 电动机选择15

3.2计算传动装置总传动比和分级传动比16

3.3 传动装置的运动和动力参数16

3.4 高速级传动件设计17

3.5 低速级传动件设计21

3.6高速轴设计(蜗杆轴)25

3.7中间轴的设计(蜗轮齿轮轴)30

3.8 低速轴的设计33

3.9 蜗杆轴上的轴承寿命校核36

第四章箱体及附件设计与减速器的润滑37

4.1 箱体主要基本结构尺寸37

4.2减速器的润滑38

第五章回柱绞车制动器的设计39

5.1常用绞车制动闸的形式39

5.2绞车上应有的安全装置39

5.3回柱绞车制动器的作用40

5.4制动器的选用和设计41

第六章回柱绞车的操作要求及钢丝绳断裂原因分析43

6.1回柱绞车的操作要求43

6.2开车前必须认真检查43

6.3运行中必须注意44

6.4钢丝绳断丝原因分析44

第七章使用与维护45

7.1绞车的安装操作45

7.2后移46

7.3维护与检修47

小结47

参考文献49

致谢50

前言

矿用回柱绞车，又称慢速绞车,是用来拆除和回收矿山回采工作面顶柱的机械设备。回柱作业属危险性工作，工作人员不能直接进入回柱空顶区，此时可把回柱绞车布置在距回柱空顶危险区段较远的安全地段，用钢丝绳钩头来拉倒和回收顶柱。由于它的高度较低重量又好，持别适用于薄煤层、和急倾斜煤层采煤工作面，以及各种采煤工作面回收沉入底板或被矸石压埋的金属支杖。牵引力大和牵引速度慢是回柱绞车的主要性能要求。随着机械化采煤程度的提高，它越来越多地被广泛用于机械化采煤工作面，作为安装、回收牵引各种设备称备件之用。回柱绞车除用来回柱放顶工作外，也可用来拖运更韧和调运车辆

下面让我们熟悉一下回柱绞车的特点以及它在井下回采面的布置方式.

1.回柱绞车(含慢速绞车)的结构有如下特点：

(1)传动系统都有一级减速比很大的蜗轮蜗杆传动，皆具备自锁功能，不会发生下故重物拉动滚筒旋转情况。

(2)具有整体结构，便于移动和安装，甚至可以用回柱绞车牵引力来牵引绞车本身移动。

(3)总传动比大(i＝150～230)，能在电动机功率较小时，获得较大的牵引力。

(4)因蜗轮蜗杆传动效率低，易造成发热和温升过高,所以必须重视润滑和维护。

(5)有的在电动机联轴器上装有手动制动闸，有的在蜗轮减速器输出轴上装有活动齿轮和锥形摩擦制动器，使回柱绞车可以按信号准确停位，并能从滚筒上自由放绳(不受蜗杆传动自锁影响)，且可控制放绳速度，防止松绳和乱绳。

(6)电气控制装置较简单，皆具备隔爆性能，可用于有瓦斯、煤尘的环境场所。

参考文献

[1] 濮良贵，纪名刚.机械设计(第七版).高等教育出版社，2001.6

[2] 李仪钰.矿山机械(提升运输机械部分).冶金工业出版社,1980.7

[3] 东北工学院机械设计机械制图教研室.机械设计手册.冶金工业出版社 ,1974.4

[4] 王昆,何小柏,汪信远.机械设计指导手册.高等教育出版社,1995.12

[5] 交通大学起重运输机械教研组.起重运输机械.机械工业出版社,1958.10

[6] 陈维健,齐秀丽.矿井提升机械.中国矿业大学出版社,1989.2

[7] 劳动部煤炭工业部颁发.绞车工手册. 煤炭工业出版社,1998.5

[8] 肖凋燕,余纪生,崔居普.绞车工手册.煤炭工业出版社,1995.1

[9] 东北工学院矿山运输提升教研室.建井提升运输.冶金工业出版社,1961.1

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内容简介：: 河南理工大学万方科技学院本科毕业设计（论文）中期检查表指导教师：王得胜职称：教授所在院（系）：机械与动力工程系教研室（研究室）：机械设计研究室题目矿用绞车传动系统设计学生姓名罗相征专业班级机设2班学号0828070043一、选题质量：（主要从以下四个方面填写：1、选题是否符合专业培养目标，能否体现综合训练要求；2、题目难易程度；3、题目工作量；4、题目与生产、科研、经济、社会、文化及实验室建设等实际的结合程度）1、选题为“矿用绞车传动系统设计” ，将大学里学到的专业知识与设计理论有机的结合起来，将所学的各门课程横向的串联起来，既让学生有设计的基本知识依据，又给学生进行发挥深化的空间。选题符合专业培养目标，能体现综合训练要求；2、选题主要从传动装置、减速器装置、制动装置等几方面展开，均为在校期间要求和必须掌握的知识，但又要求学生能够将这些知识综合运用，并通过查询和阅读资料进行一定的提高，所以，题目难易程度适中；3、选题主要围绕传动装置和减速器装置展开计算，共计约三张A0图纸，题目工作量适中；4、矿用回柱绞车，又称慢速绞车,是用来拆除和回收矿山回采工作面顶柱的机械设备。随着机械化采煤程度的提高，它越来越多地被广泛用于机械化采煤工作面，作为安装、回收牵引各种设备称备件之用。因此，题目与生产、科研、经济、社会、文化及实验室建设等实际结合紧密。二、开题报告完成情况：在老师指导和同学们的帮助之下，我顺利地开始我本次毕业设计。我在自己经过一些查阅资料的前提下，慢慢地摸索出了一些门道。由于是第一次接触矿用绞车制动及控制系统设计，以前接触这方面的知识较少，所以在刚开始时不是很顺利，甚至感到有些无从下手，但是经过指导老师的提示以及大量阅读相关资料之后，我逐渐找到了设计的切入点，顺利的完成了开题报告。并有了一定的成果和进行了一些前期的工作，使本次设计有了一个良好的开始。现在我已经进入了计算设计过程，我将在以后工作中继续努力，认真完成这次毕业设计。三、阶段性成果：1设计说明书已经基本完成，剩余调整部分的工作；2.绘图工作进行了部分，还有一部分结构没有绘出。3.英语著作翻译已经完成。四、存在主要问题：由于我对矿用绞车不是十分熟悉，以前接触的相关知识又少，所以导致在刚开始不是很顺利。对该毕业设计的基本知识都没有认识，后来我找了老师，老师针对我们以往本科生毕业设计存在的问题，给我们进行了仔细的讲解，使我慢慢的找到了设计的切入点，我觉得这个探索过程对我以后将有很大的作用。但是随着设计的逐渐进行我又遇到了许多的新的和更加复杂的问题，这些问题使我充分认识到了自己在以前学习中的不足，所以我要以本次设计为契机，要多看书，加强自己在过去学习上薄弱环节，也要查阅更多的资料，扩大自己的知识面，提高自己的知识水平。最终争取使我的毕业设计能够取得好的成绩，也能够使我所学的知识能够在以后的工作中发挥更好、更大的作用。五、指导教师对学生在毕业实习中，劳动、学习纪律及毕业设计（论文）进展等方面的评语指导教师：（签名）年月日附录：外文资料与中文翻译外文资料：NC Technology1、Research current situation of NC lathe in our timesResearch and development process to such various kinds of new technologies as numerical control lathe , machining center , FMS , CIMS ,etc. of countries all over the world, linked to with the international economic situation closely. The machine tool industry has international economy to mutually promote and develop, enter 21 alert eras of World Affairs, the function that peoples knowledge plays is more outstanding, and the machine tool industry is regarded as the foundation of the manufacturing industry of the machine, its key position and strategic meaning are more obvious. Within 1991-1994 years, the economic recession of the world, expensive FMS, CIMS lowers the temperature, among 1995-2000 years, the international economy increases at a low speed, according to requisition for NC lathe and the world four major international lathes exhibition in order to boost productivity of users of various fields of present world market (EMO , IMTS , JIMTOF , China CIMT of Japan of U.S.A. of Europe), have the analysis of the exhibit, there are the following several points mainly in the technical research of NC lathe in our times:1.1、Pay more attention to new technology and innovationWorldwide , are launching the new craft , new material , new structure , new unit , research and development of the new component in a more cost-effective manner, developmental research of for instance new cutter material , the new electric main shaft of main shaft structure , high speed , high-speed straight line electrical machinery ,etc. Regard innovating in improvement of the processing technology as the foundation, for process ultra and hard difficult to cut material and special composite and complicated part , irregular curved surface ,etc. research and develop new lathe variety constantly.1.2、Improve the precision and research of machine toolingIn order to improve the machining accuracy of the machining center , are improving rigidity of the lathe , reduction vibration constantly, dispel hotly and out of shape, reduce the noise , improve the precision of localization of NC lathe , repeat precision , working dependability , stability , precision keeping, world a lot of country carry on lathe hot error , lathe sport and load out of shape software of error compensate technical research, take precision compensate , software compensate measure improve , some may make this kind of error dispel 60% already. And is developing retrofit constantly, nanometer is being processed.1.3、Improve the research of the machine tooling productivityWorld NC lathe, machining center and corresponding some development of main shaft, electrical machinery of straight line, measuring system, NC system of high speed, under the prerequisite of boosting productivity.1.4、What a lot of countries have already begun to the numerical control system melt intelligently, openly, study networkedlyA、 Elegant research of the numerical control systemMainly showing in the following aspects: It is intelligent in order to pursue the efficiency of processing and process quality, the self-adaptation to the processing course is controlled, the craft parameter produces research automatically; Join the convenient one in order to improve the performance of urging and use intelligently, to the feedback control , adaptive operation , discerning automatically load selects models automatically , since carries on research whole definitely ,etc. of the electrical machinery parameter; There are such research of the respect as intelligent automatic programming , intelligent man-machine interface , intelligence diagnosing , intelligent monitoring ,etc.B、 The numerical control system melts and studies openMainly showing in the following aspects: The development of the numerical control system is on unified operation platform, face the lathe producer and support finally, through changing, increasing or cutting out the structure target(numerical control target ), form the seriation, and can use users specially conveniently and the technical know-how is integrated in the control system, realize the open numerical control system of different variety , different grade fast, form leading brand products with distinct distinction. System structure norm of the open numerical control system at present, norm, disposing the norm, operation platform, numerical control systematic function storehouse and numerical control systematic function software developing instrument, etc. are the core of present research to pass through.C、Meeting the manufacture system of the production line , demand for the information integration of the manufacturing company networkedly greatly of numerical control equipment, it is a basic unit of realizing the new manufacture mode too.2、Classification of the machining center2.1、Process according to main shaft space position when it classifies to be as follows, horizontal and vertical machining center.Horizontal machining center, refer to the machining center that the axis level of the main shaft is set up. Horizontal machining center for 3-5 sport coordinate axis, a common one three rectilinear motion coordinate axis and one turn the coordinate axis of sports round (turn the working bench round), it can one is it is it finish other 4 Taxi processing besides installing surfaces and top surfaces to insert to install in work piece, most suitable for processing the case body work piece. Compared with strength type machining center it, the structure is complicated, the floor space is large, quality is large, and the price is high.Vertical machining center, the axis of the main shaft of the vertical machining center, in order to set up vertically, its structure is mostly the regular post type, the working bench is suitable for processing parts for the slippery one of cross, have 3 rectilinear motion coordinate axis generally, can find a room for one horizontal numerical control revolving stage (the 4th axle) of axle process the spiral part at working bench. The vertical machining center is of simple structure, the floor space is small, the price is low, after allocating various kinds of enclosures, can carry on the processing of most work pieces.Large-scale gantry machining center, the main shafts are mostly set up vertically, is especially used in the large-scale or with complicated form work piece , is it spend the many coordinate gantry machining center to need like aviation , aerospace industry , some processing of part of large-scale steam turbine.Five machining centers, this kind of machining center has function of the vertical and horizontal machining center, one is it after inserting, can finish all five Taxi processing besides installing the surface to install in work piece, the processing way can make form of work piece error lowest, save 2 times install and insert working, thus improve production efficiency, reduce the process cost.2.2、Classify by craft useIs it mill machining center to bore, is it mill for vertical door frame machining center, horizontal door frame mill the machining center and Longman door frame mill the machining center to divide into. Processing technology its rely mainly on the fact that the door frame is milled, used in case body, shell and various kinds of complicated part special curve and large processes , curved surface of outline process, suitable for many varieties to produce in batches small.Complex machining center, point five times and compound and process mainly, the main shaft head can be turned round automatically, stand, lie and process, after the main shaft is turned round automatically, realize knowing that varies in the horizontal and vertical direction.2.3、Classify by special functionSingle workingbench, a pair of working bench machining center;Single axle, dual axle, three axle can change machining center, main shaft of case;Transfer vertically to the tower machining center and transfer;One hundred sheets of storehouses add the main shaft and changes one one hundred sheets of machining centers;One hundred sheets of storehouses connects and writes hands to add the main shaft and change one hundred sheets of machining centers; One hundred sheets of storehouses adds the manipulator and adds one pair of main shafts to transfer to the tower machining center.3、Development trend of the current numerical control latheAt present, the advanced manufacturing technology in the world is rising constantly, such application of technology as ultra fast cutting , ultra precision processing ,etc., the rapid development of the flexible manufacturing system and integrated system of the computer one is constant and ripe, have put forward higher demand to the process technology of numerical control. Nowadays the numerical control lathe is being developed in several following directions.（1）.The speed and precision at a high speed , high accuracy are two important indexes of the numerical control lathe , it concerns directly that processes efficiency and product quality. At present, numerical control system adopt-figure number, frequency high processor, in order to raise basic operation speed of system. Meanwhile , adopt the super large-scale integrated circuit and many microprocessors structure, in order to improve systematic data processing ability , namely improve and insert the speed and precision of mending operation. Adopt the straight line motor and urge the straight line of the lathe working bench to be servo to enter to the way directly, it is quite superior that its responds the characteristic at a high speed and dynamically. Adopt feed forward control technology, make it lag behind error reduce greatly , thus improve the machining accuracy cut in corner not to track. For meet ultra fast demand that process, numerical control lathe adopt main shaft motor and lathe structure form that main shaft unite two into one, realize frequency conversion motor and lathe main shaft integrate , bearing , main shaft of electrical machinery adopt magnetism float the bearing , liquid sound pigeonhole such forms as the bearing or the ceramic rolling bearing ,etc. At present, ceramic cutter and diamond coating cutter have already begun to get application.(2). Multi-functional to is it change all kinds of machining centers of organization (a of capacity of storehouse can up to 100 of the above ) automatically to furnished with, can realize milling paring , boring and pares , bores such many kinds of processes as paring , turning , reaming , reaming , attacking whorl ,etc. to process at the same time on the same lathe , modern numerical control lathe adopt many main shaft , polyhedron cut also , carry on different cutting of way process to one different position of part at the same time. The numerical control system has because adopted many CPU structure and cuts off the control method in grades, can work out part processing and procedure at the same time on a lathe, realize so-called “the front desk processes, the backstage supporter is an editor . In order to meet the needs of integrating the systematic one in flexible manufacturing system and computer, numerical control system have remote serial interface , can network , realize data communication , numerical control of lathe, can control many numerical control lathes directly too.(3).Intelligent modern numerical control lathe introduce the adaptive control technology, according to cutting the change of the condition, automatic working parameter, make the processing course can keep the best working state, thus get the higher machining accuracy and roughness of smaller surface, can improve the service life of the cutter and production efficiency of the equipment at the same time. Diagnose by oneself, repair the function by oneself, among the whole working state, the system is diagnosed, checked by oneself to CNC system and various kinds of equipment linking to each other with it at any time. While breaking down, adopt the measure of shutting down etc. immediately, carry on the fault alarm, brief on position, reason to break down, etc. Can also make trouble module person who take off automatically, put through reserve module, so as to ensure nobody demand of working environment. For realize high trouble diagnose that requires , its development trend adopts the artificial intelligence expert to diagnose the system.(4).Numerical control programming automation with the development of application technology of the computer, CAD/CAM figure interactive automatic programming has already get more application at present, it is a new trend of the technical development of numerical control. It utilize part that CAD draw process pattern , is it calculate the trailing punishing to go on by cutter orbit data of computer and then, thus produce NC part and process the procedure automatically, in order to realize the integration of CAD and CAM. With the development of CIMS technology , the full-automatic programming way in which CAD/CAPP/CAM integrates has appeared again at present, it, and CAD/CAM systematic programming great difference their programming necessary processing technology parameter neednt by artificial to participate in most, get from CAPP database in system directly.(5). the dependability of the dependability maximization numerical control lathe has been the major indicator that users cared about most all the time. The numerical control system will adopt the circuit chip of higher integrated level, will utilize the extensive or super large-scale special-purpose and composite integrated circuit, in order to reduce the quantity of the components and parts, to improve dependability. Through the function software of the hardware, in order to meet various kinds of demands for controlling the function, adopt the module, standardization, universalization and seriation of the structure lathe noumenonn of the hardware at the same time, make not only improve the production lot of the hardware but also easy to is it produce to organize and quality check on. Still through operating and starting many kinds of diagnostic programs of diagnosing, diagnosing, diagnosing off-line online etc. automatically, realize that diagnoses and reports to the police the trouble to hardware, software and various kinds of outside equipment in the system. Utilize the warning suggestion, fix a breakdown in time; Utilize fault-tolerant technology, adopt and design the important part redundantly , in order to realize the trouble resumes by oneself; Utilize various kinds of test, control technology, exceed Cheng, one one hundred sheets of damages, interfering, cutting out,etc. at the time of various kinds of accidents as production, carry on corresponding protection automatically.(6).Control system miniaturization systematic miniaturization of numerical control benefit and combine the machine , electric device for an organic whole. Adopt the super large-scale integrated component , multi-layer printed circuit board mainly at present, adopt the three-dimensional installation method , make the electronic devices and components must use the high density to install, narrow systematic occupying the space on a larger scale. And utilize the new-type slim display of colored liquid crystal to substitute the traditional cathode ray tube, will make the operating system of numerical control miniaturize further. So can install it on the machine tool conveniently, benefit the operation of the numerical control lathe correctly even more.- 8 - 中文翻译：数控技术1、当前世界NC机床的研究现状世界各国对数控机床、加工中心以至FMS、CIMS等各种新技术的研究与发展进程，是与世界经济形势紧密相连的。机床工业有世界经济相互促进和发展，进入21世界知识机警时代，人们的知识所起的作用更加突出，而机床工业作为机器制造业的基础，其重点地位与战略意义也更加明显。在19911994年间，世界经济衰退，昂贵的FMS，CIMS降温，19952000年间，世界经济在低速增长，根据当前世界市场各方面用户为提高生产率对NC机床的要求以及世界四大国际机床展（欧洲的EMO、美国的IMTS、日本的JIMTOF、中国的CIMT）上展品的分析，当前世界NC机床的技术研究主要有以下几点：1.1、更加重视新技术和创新在世界范围内，对新工艺、新材料、新结构、新单元、新元件的研究开发工作正在大力开展，如新的刀具材料、新的主轴结构、高速电主轴、高速直线电机等的开发研究。以加工工艺的改进创新为基础，为加工超硬、难切削材料及特殊复合材料及复杂零件、不规则曲面等在不断研究开发新机种。1.2、提高机床加工的精度和研究为了提高加工中心的加工精度，不断提高机床的刚度、减少振动，消除热变形，降低噪声，提高NC机床的定位精度、重复精度、工作可靠性、稳定性、精度保持性，世界很多国家都在进行机床热误差、机床运动及负载变形误差的软件补偿技术研究，并采取精度补偿、软件补偿等措施加以改善，有的已经可以使此类误差消除60%。并在不断开发精细加工，纳米加工。1.3、提高机床加工生产率的研究世界NC机床、加工中心及相应的高速点主轴、直线电机、测量系统、NC系统的开发，均以提高生产率为前提。1.4、许多国家都已经开始对数控系统的智能化、开放化、网络化研究A、数控系统的智能化的研究主要表现在：为追求加工效率和加工质量的智能化，对加工过程的自适应控制，工艺参数自动生成进行研究；为提高驱动性能及使用连接方便的智能化，对反馈控制、电机参数的自适应运算、自动识别负载自动选定模型、自整定等进行研究；还有智能化的自动编程、智能化的人机界面、智能诊断、智能监控等方面的研究。B、数控系统开放化研究主要表现在：数控系统的开发在统一的运行平台上，面向机床厂家和最终拥护，通过改变、增加或剪裁结构对象（数控对象），形成系列化，并可方便地将用户的特殊应用和技术诀窍集成到控制系统中，快速实现不同品种、不同档次的开放式数控系统，形成具有鲜明个性的名牌产品。目前开放式数控系统的体系结构规范、通行规范、配置规范、运行平台、数控系统功能库以及数控系统功能软件开发工具等是当前研究的核心。C、数控装备的网络化将极大地满足生产线制造系统、制造企业对信息集成的需求，也是实现新的制造模式的基础单元。2、加工中心的分类2.1、按主轴加工时的空间位置分类有：卧式和立式加工中心。卧式加工中心，是指主轴轴线水平设置的加工中心。卧式加工中心一般具有35个运动坐标轴，常见的是三个直线运动坐标轴和一个回转运动坐标轴（回转工作台），它能在工件一次装夹完成除安装面和顶面以外的其余4个面的加工，最适合加工箱体类工件。它与力式加工中心相比，结构复杂，占地面积大，质量大，价格高。立式加工中心，立式加工中心主轴的轴线为垂直设置，其结构多为固定立柱式，工作台为十字滑台，适合加工盘类零件，一般具有3个直线运动坐标轴，并可在工作台上安置一个水平轴的数控转台（第4轴）来加工螺旋类零件。立式加工中心结构简单，占地面积小，价格低，配备各种附件后，可进行大部分工件的加工。大型龙门式加工中心，主轴多为垂直设置，尤其使用于大型或形状复杂的工件，像航空、航天工业及大型汽轮机上的某些零件的加工

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