中英资料-电加热锅炉系统

电加热锅炉系统该锅炉以电力为能源，通过电加热管加热供暖、空 调或卫生用热水， 该机加热快、热 效率高、体积小、无噪音、模块式供热、节约能源、安装使用方便、 综合了国内外各方面先进技术而成的最新一代产品。一、控制原理采用 YLZK 系列 锅炉电脑控制器。我公司吸收国外先进技术，结合国内锅炉控制自动化的各种需要和具体应用现状，采用现代电脑控制技术，而推出的新一代锅炉控制器。适用于蒸汽 锅炉、 热水锅炉和导热油炉的自动控制，具有可靠性高、自动 化程度高、使用方便、操作 简单、功能丰富、控制灵活、造型美观、性能价格比高等优点。本机采用智能模块式工控机（IPC）作为控制系统的核心。智能模块式工控机（IPC）是一种基于串行 总线 的多种模块组成的工业 控制计算机系统。由于采用了串行总线，它比以往采用的并行总线（如 STD、PC104，ISA 等）具有更多的优点。它的每一个模块就是一个带有微处理器(CPU)的智能单元，本身具有强大的可编程功能，可独立完成各种复杂的单元功能，是国内 锅 炉电脑控制器中最先进的产品。具有锅炉水温控制、锅炉水位控制、回水温度检测、二次回水电动调节阀控制、缺水保护、超温保护、定 时控制等自动控制功能。管束式电热锅炉是该厂综合了国内外各方面技术而形成的新一代产品。它采用模糊控制原理，结合 PLC 控制器，通 过温度传 感器，构成闭环调节系统。按恒温、节 能的优化运行原则 ，随着水温的 变化，控制系统不断进行温度采样、逻辑运算和人工神经元控制算法调节运算，从而实现自动恒温之目的。二、产品特点（1）利用触摸屏作操作界面，实现人机对话，易懂、易学、易记，操作简单方便。通过显 示屏上的功能键 可查核、 设定和修改各种 调节参数。（2）系统控制核心 PLC，其可编程序灵活性大、 逻辑处 理能力强，具有较高的运行速度及可靠性。（3）执行机构采用国际先进电器元件。（4）控制器带内藏式实时日历时钟。系统可按用户要求，在任意时间设定多个不同的温度设定值，达到最佳节能效果。（5）锅炉控制柜设有断流、超温、超压、短路、漏电、缺相、过流等保护功能，锅炉运行更加稳定、安全。（6）锅炉可外设蓄热水箱，利用夜间低谷电加热热水至 95，进行蓄热水箱储存，白天利用换热器换热 后进行供暖， 对电网起动 削峰添谷的作用运行更加经济。（7）锅炉可实现变负荷功能，卫生热水和空调热水可单独提供或交叉提供，起到一机多用或多机同用的目的。（8）锅炉采用最清洁能源电能，真正实现绿色环保、零污染，最大限度地保护人类生存环境。三、机组性能参数说明：采暖热水额定出口/进口温度：85/65 （承压电热水出回水温度为：95/70）工作压力：常压（承压电热水锅炉压力 0.7MPa/1.0MPa)供热量自动调节范围（无级自动调温）：10-100使用电源：38050Hz允许出口温度：85(规范要求 90)锅炉水质应附合 GB1576-2001工业锅炉水质要求。四、锅炉的结构整体的结构包括锅炉本体和辅助设备两大部分。锅炉中的炉膛、锅筒、燃 烧器、水冷壁过热器、省煤器、空气 预热器、构架和炉墙等主要部件构成生产蒸汽的核心部分，称为锅炉本体。锅炉本体中两个最主要的部件是炉膛和锅筒。炉膛又称燃烧室，是供燃料燃烧的空间。将固体燃料放在炉排上， 进行火床燃烧的炉膛称为层燃炉，又称火床炉；将液体、气体或磨成粉状的固体燃料，喷入火室燃烧的炉膛称为室燃炉，又称火室炉；空气将煤粒托起使其呈沸腾状态燃烧，并适于燃烧劣质燃料的炉膛称为沸腾炉，又称流化床炉；利用空气流使煤粒高速旋转，并 强烈火烧的圆筒形炉膛称为旋风炉。炉膛的横截面一般为正方形或矩形。燃料在炉膛内燃烧形成火焰和高温烟气，所以炉膛四周的炉墙由耐高温材料和保温材料构成。在炉墙的内表面上常敷设水冷壁管，它既保护炉墙 不致烧坏，又吸收火焰和高温烟气的大量辐射热。炉膛设计需要充分考虑使用燃料的特性。每台锅炉应尽量燃用原设计的燃料。燃用特性差别较大的燃料 时锅炉运行的经济性和可靠性都可能降低。锅筒是自然循环和多次强制循环锅炉中，接受省煤器来的给水、联接循环回路，并向过热器输送饱和蒸汽的圆筒形容器。 锅筒简 体由优质厚钢板制成，是 锅炉中最重的部件之一。锅筒的主要功能是储水，进行汽水分离，在运行中排除锅水中的盐水和泥渣，避免含有高浓度盐分和杂质的锅水随蒸汽进入过热器和汽轮机中。锅筒内部装置包括汽水分离和蒸汽清洗装置、给水分配管、排污和加药设备等。其中汽水分离装置的作用是将从水冷壁来的饱和蒸汽与水分离开来，并尽量减少蒸汽中携带的细小水滴。中、低压锅炉常用挡板和 缝隙挡板作为粗分离元件；中压以上的锅炉除广泛采用多种型式的旋风分离器进行粗分离外，还用百页窗、钢丝网或均汽板等进行进一步分离。锅筒上还装有水位表、安全阀等监测和保护设施。为了考核性能和改进设计，锅炉常要经过热平衡试验。直接从有效利用能量来计算锅炉热效率的方法叫正平衡，从各种热损失来反算效率的方法叫反平衡。考虑锅炉房的实际效益时，不 仅要看锅炉热效率， 还 要计及锅炉辅机所消耗的能量。单位质量或单位容积的燃料完全燃烧时，按化学反应计算出的空气需求量称为理论空气量。为了使燃料在炉膛内有更多的机会与氧气接触而燃烧，实际送入炉内的空气量总要大于理论空气量。虽然多送入空气可以减少不完全燃烧热损失，但排烟热损失会增大，还会加剧硫氧化物腐蚀 和氮氧化物生成。因此 应设法改进燃烧技术，争取以尽量小的过量空气系数使炉膛内燃烧完全。锅炉烟气中所含粉尘(包括飞灰和炭黑)、硫和氮的氧化物都是污染大气的物质，未经净 化时其排放指标 可达到环境保护规定指标的几倍到数十倍。控制这些物质排放的措施有燃烧前处理、改进燃烧技术、除 尘 、脱硫和脱硝等。借助高烟囱只能降低烟囱附近地区大气中污染物的浓度。烟气除尘所使用的作用力有重力、离心力、惯性力附着力以及声波、静电等。对粗颗粒一般采用重力沉降和惯性力的分离，在较高容量下常采用离心力分离除尘静电除尘器和布袋过滤器具有较高的除尘效率。湿式和文氏水膜除尘器中水滴水膜能粘附飞灰，除 尘效率很高还能吸收气态污染物。二十世纪 50 年代以来，人们努力发展灰渣综合利用，化害为利。如用灰渣制造水泥、砖和混凝土骨料等建筑材料。 70 年代起又从粉煤灰中提取空心微珠，作为耐火保温等材料。锅炉未来的发展将进一步提高锅炉和电站热效率；降低锅炉和电站的单位功率的设备造价；提高锅炉机组的运行灵活性和自动化水平；发展更多锅炉品种以适应不同的燃料；提高锅炉机组及其辅助设备的运行可靠性；减少对环境的污染。Electric boiler systemThe boiler to electric power for energy, heating through the electric heating tube heating, air conditioning or sanitation with hot water, heating it faster, high thermal efficiency, small size, no noise, modular heating, energy conservation, the installation of easy to use, a combination of all aspects of domestic and foreign advanced technology from the latest generation of products. NO.1 Control Principle Boiler YLZK series used computer controller. I absorb advanced foreign technology companies, combined with domestic boiler control automation applications and specific needs of the status quo, the use of modern computer-controlled technology, and the introduction of a new generation of boiler controller. Apply to steam boilers, hot water boilers and automatic control of heat-conducting oil furnace, high reliability, high degree of automation, easy to use, easy to operate, feature-rich, flexible control, beautiful model, high cost performance. This machine adopts intelligent modular IPC (iPC) as the core control system. Smart Modular Industrial Computer (iPC) is a serial bus based on a variety of industrial control modules computer systems. As a result of the serial bus, which used more than ever parallel bus (such as STD, PC104, ISA, etc.) have more advantages. It is each module with a microprocessor (CPU) of the intelligent unit, itself a powerful programmable function independently of the unit features a variety of complex, computer controller boiler is the most advanced products. With the boiler water temperature control, boiler water level control, backwater temperature detection, the second backwater valve electric control, water protection, over-temperature protection, automatic control functions such as timing control. Control the plant-type electric boiler is a combination of various aspects of technology at home and abroad to form a new generation of products. It uses the principle of fuzzy control, combined with PLC controllers, temperature sensors, the system constitutes a closed-loop regulation. By temperature and the optimal operation of the principle of energy conservation, with changes in temperature, the temperature control system for continuous sampling, logic and artificial neural computing control algorithms adjust operations in order to achieve the purpose of automatic thermostat. NO.2 Features (1) for the use of touch-screen interface, the realization of human-computer dialogue, easy-to-understand, easy to learn, easy to remember, easy to operate. Through the screen to check the function keys can be set and modify a variety of adjustment parameters. (2) the core system control PLC, great flexibility of its programmable logic processing capability with high speed and reliability. (3) organizations to adopt the international advanced the implementation of electrical components. (4) Controller with Built-in real-time clock calendar. System users can request, at any time to set up a number of different temperature settings to achieve the best energy-saving effect. (5) boiler control cabinet has a stop, over-temperature, over-pressure, short circuit, leakage, lack of phase, such as over-current protection, the boiler is running more stable and safe. (6) to peripheral storage boiler water storage tanks, the use of night-time trough of hot water heating to 95 , storage tanks for storage, the day after the use of heat exchangers for heat exchangers for power grid Valley start-up the role of Tim Clipping run more economy. (7) boiler load function can be changed, health water and air-conditioning or hot water can be provided separately to provide cross-play of a machine or machines with multi-purpose use. (8) boilers to use the most clean energy - electricity, true green, zero emission, to maximize the protection of human life. NO.3 Unit performance parameters Description: Rated hot water heating export / import Temperature: 85 / 65 (a backwater pressure electric water temperature: 95 / 70 ) Working pressure: atmospheric pressure (pressure electric water boiler and pressure 0.7MPa/1.0MPa) The scope for automatic adjustment of heat (no thermostat level) :10-100% Power: 380 50Hz Allowed outlet temperature: 85 (specification 90 ) All boiler water should be attached to GB1576-2001 industrial boiler water requirement. NO.4 Boiler structure: The overall structure of the boiler and auxiliary equipment of two major parts. Boiler in the furnace, drum, burner, wall superheater, economizer, air preheater, furnace wall structure and composition of major components of the core of the production of steam, known as the boiler. Boiler in the two most important components are the furnace and the drum. Also known as furnace combustion chamber, fuel combustion for space. Will be on solid fuel on the grate for the fire-bed combustion furnace known as the layer burning stoves, also known as the fire-bed furnace; will be liquid, gas or ground into a powder of the solid fuel, is injected into the combustion chamber of the furnace of fire known as the Room burning furnace, furnace room, also known as the fire; air will hold its coal combustion was boiling and low-grade fuel for combustion furnace known as the boiling furnace, also known as the fluidized bed furnace; the use of coal particles of air flow so that high-speed rotation, and strongly burning furnace of cylindrical furnace known as the Tornado. Furnace cross-section of generally square or rectangular. Fuel combustion in the furnace flame and high temperature flue gas to form, so the stove around the furnace wall by the high temperature materials and thermal insulation materials. In the furnace wall on the inner surface of the regular laying of water-wall tube, it will not burn the protection of furnace wall and the flame and high temperature flue gas to absorb the large number of radiant heat. Furnace designed to take full account of the characteristics of the use of fuel. Each boiler shall be fueled with the original design as much as possible fuel. Burning characteristics of the larger difference in fuel economy when the boiler operation and reliability can be reduced. Drum is a natural cycle and multiple forced circulation boiler, the economizer to accept the water supply, circuit connection to the steam superheater cylinder delivery device described. Traditional drum made from high quality thick steel plate is a boiler in one of the most important components. Drums main function is water, soft drinks to the separation of pot ruled out running in the saline water and mud residue, to avoid high concentrations of salt and impurities in the boiler water with the steam entering the superheater and the steam turbine in. Device includes an internal drum separator and steam cleaning equipment, water distribution pipes, sewage processing equipment such as drugs. Separator device which is to come from the wall and the saturated steam from the water and to minimize the steam in small water droplets carried. , The low-pressure boilers used as a baffle and baffle gap separating coarse components; over medium-pressure boiler in addition to a variety of widely used types of cyclone for the separation of rough, but also with 100 windows, steel mesh or steam, etc. are carried out further separated. Drum water level is also equipped with a table, a safety valve, such as monitoring and protection facilities. To assess performance and to improve the design, often have to go through the boiler heat balance test. Directly from the efficient use of energy to calculate the thermal efficiency of boiler is a balanced approach is called, from a variety of heat loss to the efficiency of counter-balance method is called counter-balance. Consider the practical benefits of the boiler room not only depends on the thermal efficiency of boilers, but also taking into account the auxiliary boiler and the amount of energy. Unit mass or unit volume of fuel combustion, the chemical reaction is calculated according to the theory of air known as air traffic demand. In order to make the fuel in the furnace, there are more opportunities for contact with oxygen combustion, the actual volume of air into the furnace is greater than the total theoretical air. Although more air into the incomplete combustion can reduce heat loss, but the smoke will increase heat loss, but also exacerbate corrosion of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides generated. Therefore efforts should be made to improve the combustion technology for small to minimize the excess air ratio so that the combustion chamber completely. Boiler flue gas contained dust (including fly ash and carbon black), oxides of sulfur and nitrogen pollution in the atmosphere are the material, without purification of their emission targets can be achieved several times indicators of environmental protection provisions of the several dozen times. Emissions control measures of these substances have a pre-combustion, improved combustion technology, dedusting, desulfurization and denitrification, such as. High chimney with only the area around the chimn