中英翻译--关于第一个太阳能并网发电里程碑的报告.doc

FirstSolarReachesGrid-ParityMilestone,SaysReportFirstSolarReachesGrid-ParityMilestone,SaysReport。AnanalysisofFirstSolarssystemintheNevadadesertarguesthatsolarcosts。lessthancoal.Renewablesrejoice.FirstSolarhasmadeittogridparity,accordingtoatleastoneanalyst。A12.6-megawattsysteminstalledbyFirstSolar(NSDQ:FSLR)forSempraGenerationshowedthatthesystemcanproduceelectricityatbelowthepriceofconventionalpowerintheUnitedStates,saidMarkBachman,anequityanalystatPacificCrest，inaresearchnoteTuesday.Thesystemcangenerate12.6megawattsofpowerindirectcurrent,whichisthenconvertedtoalternatingcurrenttofeedtheelectricgrid.FirstSolarannounced，theprojectasa10-megawatt(AC)powerplantearlierthisyear.Theplant,locatedintheNevadadesertnearBoulderCity,costs$0.075perkilowatthourtoinstallwithoutanysubsidies,Bachmanwrote.Conventionalpowe，fedintothegridcosts$0.09perkilowatthour。Inourview,theindustryleaderswillbethosecompaniesthatcandeliverelectricityatorbelowgridparitypricingwithouttheaidofsubsidieswhilealsodeliveringsuperiorreturntoshareholders,Bachmansaid.Currently,onlyFirstSolarcanclaimtheseachievements,inourview.Bachmanscostcalculations,ofcourse,areimpactedbyanumberoffactorsandotherswilllikelycometodifferentconclusions.Partofthecalculationreliesonwhatothersareachievinginotherlocationswithdifferentkindsofpanels.Nonetheless,itunderscorestheprogresstheindustryismakingtowardtheimportantmilestone.AndFirstSolarisnttheonlynarrowinginonit.Yesterday,CypressSemiconductorCEOT.J.Rodgerstoldagroupofreportersthatpowerfromcrystallinesiliconsolarpanelswillbecheaperthancoalpowerby2012whentransmissionslines,utilitybureaucracyandotherfactorsareaddedin.Wearezeroinginonparity,Rodgerssaid.WeregoingtomatchPG&E(PacificGasandElectric)by2012.Withinacoupleofyears,thepriceofsolarwillbejustascheap.RodgersinvestedinSunPowerin2000whenithad40employees.HeturnedthesharesovertoCypresslater.SunPowernowsellsbillionsworthofpanelsayear.FirstSolar,basedinTempe,Ariz.,makesthin-filmsolarpanelsusingcadmiumtelluriumasthekeyingredienttoconvertsunlightintoelectricity.Itsoneofahandfulofthin-filmcompaniestobeproducingpanelsinhighvolumesandtheonlyoneturningoutcadtelpanelsinvolume.Mostofthesolarpanelstodayusecrystallinesilicon,whichisabletoconvertmoresunlightthanmaterialsusedbythin-filmmakers.Nextyear,ahandfulofmanufacturerswillstartmakingcopperindiumgalliumselenide(CIGS)solarcells。FirstSolarsclaimtofameforthepastseveralyearshasbeeninitsabilitytochurnoutlargenumbersofpanelsandafairlylowcost.Lastmonth,thecompanysaiditwasabletoproducepanelsat$1.08perwatt.Thefigure,however,isablendedaverageofallofthecompanysfactories.FirstSolarscostoutofitsMalaysianfactoriesislower,closerto75cents.The$40millionsystematSempraiscomprisedof168,300panels,whichFirstSolarinstalledatacostof$3.17perwatt,Bachmanwrote.(Theinstalledcostishigherbecauseitincludesframesandinstallation,notjustthesolarmodule.)HethenusedSunPowersinstallationofa14.2-megawattsystemattheNellisAirForcebaseinNevadaforcomparison.BachmansaidSunPowerscrystallinesiliconpanelscost$7.04perwatttoinstall.Afterfiguringouthowmuchelectricitythesystemisgenerating,Bachmandeterminedthatitcosts$0.164perkilowatthour.HeconcludedthatfortheSunPowersystemtogenerateelectricityatthesamerate(inkilowatt-hours)asFirstSolars,SunPowerwouldhavetocutitspanelpricesby52percentandsellthemat$3.4perwatt.ButBachmanwentontoarguethatthesolarindustrycarestoomuchaboutthecostofproducingandinstallingpanels,andnotenoughaboutthehowmuchasystemcostsintermsofitspowergeneration,inkilowatt-hours.Henotedthatfinancialanalystsshoulddosowhendissectingtheaveragesellingpriceofacompanyspanels.Byfocusingonthecost/kWhcalculation,wecancomparecompetingbusinessmodelsonadefinedmetricthatisindependentoftechnologies,hesaid.BachmanalsofiguredthatFirstSolarssystemmakemoreefficientuseofrealestatethanSunPowers,somethingthatcontradictsSunPowersclaimandtheestimatesofothers.SunPowerssystemneedsmorespacebecauseitusesatrackingsystemtopointthepanelstothesunthroughouttheday.Crystallinepanelsperformthebestwhenfacingthedirectsun.Byusingthetracker,however,thepanelsneedtobefartheraparttoavoidtheshadowcastbyotherpanelsastheyfollowthesun。FirstSolartilteditspanelsatafixedangelinstead.Itscadmium-telluridepanelsmightnotbeasefficientasSunPowerspanelsunderdirectsun,butthethin-filmpanelsdobetteratconvertingdiffusedlight.SunPower,however,achievesafarhigherefficiency.Itsellspanelsthatcanconvert20tonearly23percentofthesunlightthatstrikesthemintoelectricity.关于第一个太阳能并网发电里程碑的报告在研究了首个在内华达沙漠以太阳能发电的系统我们认为，太阳能发电的成本低于煤。可再生能源发展欣欣向荣。首个太阳能发电系统已经向电网平价供电，根据至少有一位分析师。一个12.6兆瓦的第一个太阳能系统在美国参议院的表决下安装，该系统产生电力的价格低于常规电力，马克克巴赫曼，一个在太平洋佳洁士股票分析师，在星期二在一份研究注意到。该系统可以产生12.6兆瓦的电力，然后再转换为交流电供给电网。在今年早些时候，第一个10W太阳能发电系统已经宣布开始建设。这个发电系统，坐落在内华达沙漠附近博尔德城，向外输送价格每一KW/H0.075美元的电力而且没有任何额外补贴，巴赫曼写道，二常规电源馈入电网的费用是0.09美元每千瓦小时。“我们认为，行业领导者将为这些公司能够提供电力且以低于电网平价定价而向他们提供援助补贴，同时提供优异的回报给股东，”巴赫曼说。我们认为：目前，只有第一个太阳能可以声称这些成就。巴赫曼的成本计算，当然，在受到很多不同因素的情况下可能会得到不同的结论。部分的计算依赖于其他人在实现发电在不同地方所使用不同类型的面板。尽管如此，它突出的进展，对整个行业来说是个重要的里程碑。并且太阳能发电并不是没有限制因素。昨天，赛普拉斯半导体公司首席执行官T.J.罗杰斯告诉一群记者说：“从晶体硅太阳能电池板得到的电力价格将低于煤电价格到2012年时当传输线以及高效率官僚机构和其他因素加进来的时候。在起点是相同的”罗杰斯说。“我们将和PG&E（太平洋天然气和电力）互相合作直至2012年。在未来两三年内，太阳能发电的电力价格将是相当便宜。”罗杰斯的投资公司SunPower在2000年已经有时40名员工。他把股份转让给赛普拉斯以后。SunPower公司现在能在一年出售价值数十亿美元的面板。首个太阳能设备总部设在美国TEMPE，使用以镉碲制造的薄膜太阳能电池板是将阳光转化为电能关键。在大多数的使用单晶硅太阳能电池板今天，它能更多转化阳光比那些制造商制造的薄膜。下一年，将有少数有能力的制造商将开始生产铜铟镓硒（CIGS）太阳能电池。这个坐落在森普拉价值4000万美元系统有168，300个电池板，其中第一个太阳能发电系统安装费用为3.17美元每瓦，克巴赫曼写道。（安装的成本较高，因为它包括框架和安装，而不仅仅是太阳能电池组件。）然后，他使用SunPower公司的电池组件安装了一个14.2兆瓦的太阳能系统在内利斯空军基地，在与内华达州的系统进行比较。巴赫曼说，SunPower公司的晶体硅板成本为七点零四美元每瓦。在搞清楚多少电力系统发电，巴赫曼确定它的费用0.164美元每千瓦小时他的