已阅读5页,还剩12页未读, 继续免费阅读
版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
1BridgeresearchinEuropeAbriefoutlineisgivenofthedevelopmentoftheEuropeanUnion,togetherwiththeresearchplatforminEurope.Thespecialcaseofpost-tensionedbridgesintheUKisdiscussed.InordertoillustratethetypeofEuropeanresearchbeingundertaken,anexampleisgivenfromtheUniversityofEdinburghportfolio:relatingtotheidentificationofvoidsinpost-tensionedconcretebridgesusingdigitalimpulseradar.IntroductionThechallengeinanyresearcharenaistoharnessthefindingsofdifferentresearchgroupstoidentifyacoherentmassofdata,whichenablesresearchandpracticetobebetterfocused.AparticularchallengeexistswithrespecttoEuropewherelanguagebarriersareinevitablyverysignificant.TheEuropeanCommunitywasformedinthe1960sbaseduponapoliticalwillwithincontinentalEuropetoavoidtheEuropeancivilwars,whichdevelopedintoWorldWar2from1939to1945.ThestrongpoliticalmotivationformedtheoriginalcommunityofwhichBritainwasnotamember.ManyofthecontinentalcountriessawBritainsinterestasbeingpurelyeconomic.The1970ssawBritainjoiningwhatwasthentheEuropeanEconomicCommunity(EEC)andthe1990shasseenthewideningofthecommunitytoaEuropeanUnion,EU,withcertainpoliticalgoalstogetherwiththeobjectiveofacommonEuropeancurrency.Notwithstandingthesefinancialandpoliticaldevelopments,civilengineeringandbridgeengineeringinparticularhavefoundgreatdifficultyinforminganykindofcommonthread.IndeedtheeducationalsystemsforUniversitytrainingarequitedifferentbetweenBritainandtheEuropeancontinentalcountries.TheformationoftheEUfundingschemese.g.Socrates,2BriteEuramandotherprogramshavehelpedsignificantly.TheSocratesschemeisbasedupontheexchangeofstudentsbetweenUniversitiesindifferentmemberstates.TheBriteEuramschemehasinvolvedtechnicalresearchgrantsgiventoconsortiaofacademicsandindustrialpartnerswithinanumberofthestatesaBriteEurambidwouldnormallybeledbyanindustrialist.Intermsofdisseminationofknowledge,twoquitedifferentstrandsappeartohaveemerged.TheUKandtheUSAhaveconcentratedprimarilyupondisseminatingbasicresearchinrefereedjournalpublications:ASCE,ICEandotherjournals.WhereasthecontinentalEuropeanshavefrequentlydisseminatedbasicresearchatconferenceswherethecirculationoftheproceedingsisrestricted.Additionally,languagebarriershaveprovedtobeverydifficulttobreakdown.IncountrieswhereEnglishisastrongsecondlanguagetherehasbeenenthusiasticparticipationininternationalconferencesbasedwithincontinentalEuropee.g.Germany,Italy,Belgium,TheNetherlandsandSwitzerland.However,countrieswhereEnglishisnotastrongsecondlanguagehavebeenhesitantparticipantse.g.France.EuropeanresearchExamplesofresearchrelatingtobridgesinEuropecanbedividedintothreetypesofstructure:MasonryarchbridgesBritainhasthelargeststockofmasonryarchbridges.IncertainregionsoftheUKupto60%oftheroadbridgesarehistoricstonemasonryarchbridgesoriginallyconstructedforhorsedrawntraffic.ThisislesscommoninotherpartsofEuropeasmanyofthesebridgesweredestroyedduringWorldWar2.Concretebridges3Alargestockofconcretebridgeswasconstructedduringthe1950s,1960sand1970s.Atthetime,thesestructureswereseenasmaintenancefree.Europealsohasalargenumberofpost-tensionedconcretebridgeswithsteeltendonductspreventingradarinspection.ThisisaparticularprobleminFranceandtheUK.SteelbridgesSteelbridgeswentoutoffashionintheUKduetotheirneedformaintenanceasperceivedinthe1960sand1970s.However,theyhavebeenusedforlongspanandrailbridges,andtheyarenowreturningtofashionformotorwaywideningschemesintheUK.ResearchactivityinEuropeItgivesanindicationcertainareasofexpertiseandworkbeingundertakeninEurope,butisbynomeansexhaustive.InordertoillustratethetypeofEuropeanresearchbeingundertaken,anexampleisgivenfromtheUniversityofEdinburghportfolio.Theexamplerelatestotheidentificationofvoidsinpost-tensionedconcretebridges,usingdigitalimpulseradar.Post-tensionedconcreterailbridgeanalysisOveArupandPartnerscarriedoutaninspectionandassessmentofthesuperstructureofa160mlongpost-tensioned,segmentalrailwaybridgeinManchestertodetermineitsload-carryingcapacitypriortoatransferofownership,foruseintheMetrolinklightrailsystem.Particularattentionwaspaidtotheintegrityofitspost-tensionedsteelelements.Physicalinspection,non-destructiveradartestingandotherexploratorymethodswereusedtoinvestigateforpossibleweaknessesinthebridge.SincethesuddencollapseofYnys-y-GwasBridgeinWales,UKin1985,therehasbeenconcernaboutthelong-termintegrityofsegmental,4post-tensionedconcretebridgeswhichmaybepronetobrittlefailurewithoutwarning.Thecorrosionprotectionofthepost-tensionedsteelcables,wheretheypassthroughjointsbetweenthesegments,hasbeenidentifiedasamajorfactoraffectingthelong-termdurabilityandconsequentstrengthofthistypeofbridge.Theidentificationofvoidsingroutedtendonductsatvulnerablepositionsisrecognizedasanimportantstepinthedetectionofsuchcorrosion.DescriptionofbridgeGeneralarrangementBessesothBarnBridgeisa160mlong,threespan,segmental,post-tensionedconcreterailwaybridgebuiltin1969.Themainspanof90mcrossesoverboththeM62motorwayandA665BurytoPrestwickRoad.Minimumheadroomis5.18mfromtheA665andtheM62isclearedbyapprox12.5m.Thesuperstructureconsistsofacentralhollowtrapezoidalconcreteboxsection6.7mhighand4mwide.Themajorityofthesouthandcentralspansareconstructedusing1.27mlongpre-castconcretetrapezoidalboxunits,post-tensionedtogether.Thisboxsectionsupportstheinsiteconcretetransversecantileverslabsatbottomflangelevel,whichcarrytherailtracksandballast.Thecenterandsouthspansectionsareofpost-tensionedconstruction.Thesepost-tensionedsectionshavefivetypesofpre-stressing:1.Longitudinaltendonsingroutedductswithinthetopan
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 《植物·动物·人导学案-2023-2024学年科学苏教版2001》
- 《牛奶变塑料作业设计方案-2023-2024学年科学粤教版2001》
- 《23《孟子》三章作业设计方案-2023-2024学年初中语文统编版五四学制》
- 2024深圳市高三二模考试历史试题+答案
- 铝合金车轮项目商业模式分析报告
- Power BI大数据财务报表智能可视化分析 课件 项目三 DAX函数及其应用
- 2024浙江省强基联盟高三下学期3月联考语文试卷及答案
- 2024届云南省三校高三下学期高考备考联考(七)数学试卷及答案
- 防洪抗汛部队预案方案
- 制定消防应急预案
- 国开2024春季《形势与政策》大作业:试分析新征程上推进生态文明建设需要处理好哪五个“重大关系”?(一)
- 激发学生学习乐趣的教学方法
- 新时代中国特色社会主义理论与实践(2021版)课后思考题答案
- 圆周运动说课课件
- 2023年蜀道集团开展高层次人才引进招聘笔试题库及答案解析
- 服装订单合同
- 产科助产士先进事迹材料
- 编程实现可靠数据传输原理GO-BAN-N实验报告
- 用友软件单次服务致用户说明书
- 演出协议书(共5篇)
- 硬件总体设计方案参考模板(完整版)
评论
0/150
提交评论