外文翻译--HTML Tutorial - Preface 原文.doc

HTMLTutorial-PrefaceHtmlisoneoftheeasiestlanguagestolearn.ThistutorialwillexplainhowtowriteHtmlwebpages,whatHtmlis,andhowtoprograminHtml.HtmlstandsforHyperTextMarkupLaguage.TheonlyuseforHtmlisforwritingwebpages.Awebpageisreallyaprogram,onlyaverysimpleone.WhatiseasyaboutHTMListhat:1.Thereisnocompiling,and2.Itissimplecodingonly.Therearenofunctions,loops.Bugsarealmostimpossibletomakeandeasytofix.TouseHtml,youcanofcourseuseanHtmlwizardprogramwhichwoulddefeatthewholepurposeofthistutorial,oryoucanuseasimpletexteditor,savethetextasan.htmfile(or.htmlforaMacintosh),andviewitwithyourbrowser,suchasNetscapeorMicrosoftInternetExplorer.ThistutorialisbeingwritteninordinaryNotepad,soyoudontneedanythingspecial.Ifyoudonotalreadyhaveawebbrowser,youcandownload:NMSIEHTMLTutorial-Chapter1Tags,andtheSkeletonLayoutBeforeanything,HTMLiswrittenintags.Tagsarelikethecommandwordsthatmakeupthelanguage.Atagiswrittenlikethis:.Anexampletagwouldbe,andothers.Theentirecodeismadeupmostlyoftags,tagstellthewebpagewhattodo.Sometimesatagstartssomething,likeforinstancewillmakeallthetextafteritturnbold.Orwillmakeanythingafteritbecomethetitle.Butinsomeinstances,likesectiontags,youwillneedtoendatag.Forexample,sayyouuseatagbeforeatext.Thatsallfineandwell,buteverythingaftertheboldtagwillbecomebold.Theentirepage.Youmayonlywanttomakeoneworldbold.Thereforyoumustendatagwhichwillstopitsactions.Tostopatagyouusethisformat:Forexample:Thisisbold!Thisisnt!Youlllearnmoreaboutothertagsinthechapterstocome.OnegoodthingaboutHTMListhatitalwaysfollowsonelayout.ThefollowinglayoutisanentireHtmlwebpage:ThisistheTitle!WelcometomyWeb-Page!Thisisthebasiccode,calledaskeletonlayout.YoushouldalwaysstartyourHtmlcodeinthatway.Nowletsexplainsomeofthetags.Thetagsyousawintheexampleareusedonlyonceusually.Hereisjustanexplanationofthelayouttags.Eachtagintheskeletonlayoutstartsorendsasection.AsectioninHtmldeclareswhenacertainpartoftheHtmlcodeisbeginning.-StartstheHtmlsection.(Beginsthepage)-StartstheHeadersection.ThisistheTitle!-Starts(andends)thetitlesection.-StartstheBodysection.(Mainpartofpage)-EndstheBodysection.-Endsthepage.TheHtmlsectioncontainstheentirecode.TheHeadersectioncontainstheTitlesection,andsomeotherstuff.Thetitlesectioncontainsthetextthatgoesinthetitlebaratthetopofthebrowserwindow,likeWelcometoMyPage!-Netscape.Thebodysectionisthemainpartofthepagethatcontainsallthetextthatappearsinthepage.HTMLTutorial-Chapter2BodyAttributesTheBodytaghasmoretoitthanjust.Thetagalsocontrolsthecolorofthepagetext,thebackgroundofthepage,andothers.Anattributetoanytag(inthisinstance,itwillbethetag)isanextrakeywordthatcanbesetinsidethetagthatallowsforcertainthingstobeset.Tosetabodyattribute,likethebackgroundofthepage,yousimplyincludetheoptioninthetagandwhatitissetto.Example:Thereareafewbodyattributesthatyouwilllearnfornow.Background,text,link,andactivelink.TheBackgroundiscontrolledwitheitherBGCOLOR=colororBACKGROUND=/background.gifIftheBackgroundyouwantisasolidcolor,likeblack,blue,white,red,etc,youusetheBGCOLORoption.BGCOLORacceptsBGCOLOR=blue(acolorname),orBGCOLOR=Hexadecimalnumber.AHexnumbercandomorevariantcolors,suchasgold,turquoise,navyblue,andmostothercolors,whilejusttypingacolornamelikeblueorwhiteislimitedtosimplecolors.Afewsimplecolorsareblue,white,black,green,yellow,orange.Mostlyfirst,secondary,andtertiarycolors.TheBACKGROUNDoptionisforifyouwanttouseapictureasabackground.YoumustusetheURLofthepicture,like:GraphicsinanywebpagemustbeineitherGIF(.gif)orJPEG(.jpg)format.Thenextoptionistext.Textisthecolorofallnormaltextinthepage.Itfollowsthisformat:text=colorortext=hexnumber.ThisfollowsthesameroutineasinBackground；acolornamewillacceptsimplecolors,ahexnumbercandomoreexoticcolors.Thenextoptionislink.Thisisthecolorofalllinksonthepage.Itsformatisthesameasthetextoption.Thenextisalink.Thisisthecolorofalinkthatisbeingclickedon.Forexample,andyouclickonit,untilyouletgo,thatlinkwillturntothealinkcolor.Itfollowsthesameformatasthetextoption.Thelastoptionyouwilllearnisvlink.Vlinksetsthecolorofalllinksthathavebeenvisitedinthepast.Itfollowsthesameformatasthetextoption.NOTE:IfyouleaveoutanoptionintheBodytag,itwillbesettoadefaultcolor.HTMLTutorial-Chapter3TextTagsNowthatyouvelearnedbodyoptions,youcannowlearnhowtoaddtexttothebodysection,andhowtomakeitlookFuNkY!Before,youlearnedalittleabouttagsandhowtheywork.Tagsareimportanttotextbecausetheycanchangethewaytextlooks,andacts.Letstakealookatanexampletolearnafewbasictags.TextExampleThisismyfirst,ordinaryparagraph.Thisismysecond,boldparagraph.Thisismythird,italicsparagraph.Thisismyfourth,underlinedparagraph.Thisismyfifth,BlInKiNgparagraph.Thisismylast,centeredparagraph.Thetagstandsforparagraph.Itstartstextonanewline.Without,allthetextwouldbeinonelineandwrappedaround,anditwouldlookprettymessedup.Inthesecondparagraph,therewasa(orforfull)tag.Boldmakesalltextinsideofitbecomebolder.Asyoulearnedbefore,sometagsneedtobeended.Thisisoneofthem.Ifyoudidntendaboldtag,everythingafterthewouldbebold,eventextthatyoudidntwanttobebold.Toendatag(stopwhatatagisgoing,usethisformat:.Thus,toendaboldtag,youuse(orforshort,).standsforItalics.Anythingafterandbeforewillbecomeitalic,orslanted.standsforunderlined.Anythingafterandbeforeisunderlined.setsthealignmentfortext.YoucouldalsocentertextbyusingCenteredText,butisaloteasier.Centermakestextgointhecenterofthescreen.Youcanalsouse:Thissetsalignmenttotheleft.Thissetsalignmenttotherightofthescreen.NOTE:Ifyouuseoption,liketosetalignment,inordertostopitseffectyoumustendit,byusing.makestextblinkrepeatedly.Becarefulnottooverdotheblinktag,asitcantendtogetveryannoying.Hereareafewmoretexttagswithbriefexplanations.Youcanexperimentwiththem:-Teletype-Predefined.HTMLusuallyignoresextraspaceswhichcanbebadfordocumentswhichdependonindependentformatting.-Makestextgenerallybig.-Hm.-Strikethrough,makesahorizontallinethroughthecenteroftheselection.-Superscript.-Controlsfont,andcanalsomaketextbiggerthanpossiblewithjust.I.e.or.meanstheactualfont,likeCourier.Itisalsopossible