（精品文档）动词不定式用法归纳

地址山西省太原市和平南路45号英语周报社网络中心电话03516378335湖北省荆门市李国EMAILLIGUO829163COM动词不定式用法归纳动词不定式没有人称和数的变化在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外动词不定式具有动词特点可以有自己的宾语和状语组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是TODO其否定形式是NOTTODO。下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。1作主语可以直接作主语。如TOSEEISTOBELIEVE但在英语中常用IT作形式主语真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如ITSWRONGTOPLAYTRICKSONOTHERPEOPLEITSOURDUTYTOKEEPOURENVIRONMENTCLEANANDTIDY规律动词不定式在句中作主语时常放在ITISADJ形容词TODOSTH或ITISN名词TODOSTHIT仅作形式主语。2作宾语WANTDECIDEAGREE等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。如WEAGREEDTOSTARTEARLYSHEWANTSTOBEADOCTOR而LOVELIKEBEGINSTARTHATEPREFER等词后面可以接不定式还可以接动名词意思无很大区别。提示LIKEDOING指经常性动作而LIKETODO指一次性的动作。如ILIKESWIMMINGBUTIDONTLIKETOSWIMNOW我喜欢游泳但我现在不想游。特别注意STOPFORGETREMEMBERGOONTRY等词或短语后面可以接不定式。但后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。如1STOPTODOSTH停止一件事去做另一件事。STOPDOINGSTH停止正在做的事。例WHENTHETEACHERCAMEINTHESTUDENTSSTOPPEDTALKINGWHENHECAMEOUTTHESTUDENTSSTOPPEDTOTALK当老师走进来时学生们停止说话当老师走出去时学生们又开始说话。2思考FORGETREMEMBERGOONTRY等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别在FINDFEELITADJTODOSTH句型中IT是形式宾语真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如THEMANDOWNSTAIRSFOUNDITDIFFICULTTOGETTOSLEEPIFEELITEASYTORECITETHETEXT3作宾语补足语TELLASKWANTORDERTEACHINVITEWARNWISHHELPGETWISHHELP等词后面常接不定式作宾补。如ITELLHIMNOTTOGOTHEREBYBUSEDISONSMOTHERTAUGHTHIMTOREADANDWRITELETMAKEHAVESEEHEARFEELWATCHNOTICE后面接不带TO的不定式作宾补。如THEBOSSMAKESTHEMWORK16HOURSADAYIHEARDHERSINGINTHENEXTROOM提示若变成被动语态在上述结构中不定式符号TO要加上。如THEYAREMADETOWORK16HOURSADAYBYTHEBOSSSHEWASHEARDTOSINGINTHENEXTROOM4作定语放在被修饰的名词、代词后面例IHAVEALOTOFWORKTODOTHEDOCTORSAIDHECOULDDONOTHINGTOHELPTHEBOY规律动词不定式若在句中作定语常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。提示如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系若动词是不及物动词切记不要忘掉介词。如IHAVEASMALLBEDROOMTOLIVEINHAVEYOUGOTSOMEPENSTOWRITEWITH5表语放在连系动词BE后面例HISWISHISTOBECOMEASCIENTISTTHE地址山西省太原市和平南路45号英语周报社网络中心电话03516378335湖北省荆门市李国EMAILLIGUO829163COMFIRSTIMPORTANTTHINGISTOSAVETHESOLDIERSLIVES当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。规律动词不定式在句中作表语时通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。6作状语目的状语放在GOCOMEUSELIVEINORDER等词后面。如ICOMETOSEEYOUHERUNSFASTINORDERTOGETTHEREINTIME原因状语放在SORRYGLADSURPRISEDDISAPPOINTEDEXCITED等词后面。如IAMGLADTOSEEYOUHEREIAMSORRYTOTROUBLEYOU作结果状语。如SOMEOFTHEAPPLESAREHARDTOREACHTHEROOMISLARGEENOUGHTOHOLD1000PEOPLE7与WHATWHOWHOSEWHENWHEREHOW等疑问词连用作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。如IDONTKNOWWHATTODONEXT宾语HETAUGHTUSHOWTOUSETHECOMPUTER宾语补足语ITSSTILLAQUESTIONHOWTOGETTHERE主语热身练习根据句意用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1ITSTIMEFORUS_HAVESUPPER2WOULDYOULIKE_GOSHOPPINGWITHME3ITTOOKUSHALFANHOUR_WORKOUTTHEPROBLEM4HEISOLDENOUGH_JOINTHEARMY5IFEELSTRANGE_HAVEATWINSISTER6IAMVERYGLAD_MEETYOUHERE7THEYPREFER_STAYATHOMERATHERTHANGOOUT8WESAWTHEM_COMEINTOTHEROOMJUSTNOW9WHATHESAIDMADEME_FEELSORRY10IAMSORRYIFORGOT_TELLYOUTHENEWS11HISPLANIS_SPENDAFEWDAYSINTHEMOUNTAINS12HAVEYOUGOTANYTHING_SAY13HAVEYOUDECIDEDWHICHONE_CHOOSE14DOYOUKNOWWHEN_START15HEISTOOWEAK_CARRYTHEBIGSTONEKEY1TOHAVE2TOGO3TOWORK4TOJOIN5TOHAVE6T