经济学毕业论文 国际贸易新理论对我国对外贸易的影响与启示

毕业设计（论文）题目国际贸易新理论对我国对外贸易的影响与启示院系经济与管理学院经济学系专业经济学班级经济学生姓名导师姓名职称讲师起止时间2009年12月20日至2010年06月20日毕业设计论文任务书学生姓名指导教师职称讲师院系经济与管理学院经济学系专业经济学题目国际贸易新理论对我国对外贸易的启示任务与要求1、现在起到下学期初，收集与国际贸易新理论对我国对外贸易的启示等主题相关或相近的文献资料，全面掌握对该题目已有的研究成果。所搜集的文献要进行分类整理阅读，对引用率高的经典文献要反复阅读，深刻领会其理论观点。对与本论文题目相关度低的其他大量文献也要进行浏览，掌握作者的不同观点。同时，也应通过多查多看了解专业论文的写作思路和写作规范。2、下学期初，在文献检索与阅读工作结束之后，着手构建论文的框架。大G1319G8505G20600G1038G726G12907G13446G279G13466G13446G279论文初G12307G279G1474G6925G279G4462G12307。G12907G13446G726G7138G11842大G1319思路和G17935G17765G4649G5332G20046G5219G727G13466G13446G726对G8611G1022论G16789的G10627G14422进行G13466G2282G727论文G726G6365G10043论文写作规范的要G8726G1209G13491G980G7696G5347G4448成论文。G22、论文的G4395G6980要G8726G17810到G27G19G19G19G4395G1209G990。要G8726观点G7138G11842、论G6466G1817分、论G16789有G2159，G16833G16340G15932G17810G9177G7982G8981G11033。G23、论文G7423G4626所G2027的G2454G13783文献G14279G4581要有1G24G12699，其G1025G14279G4581要有1G12699外文资料，G2454G13783文献G5529G20047在论文G1025G15999引用。开始日期2009G519212G738820G7097完成日期2010G519206G738820G7097院长签字2010年月日毕业设计论文工作计划学生姓名_指导教师_职称_讲师_学院经济与管理学院系别经济学系专业_经济学_题目_国际贸易新理论对我国对外贸易的启示_工作进程A1A0A2A3A6A4A5A72009A1012A1120A122010A102A1120A12A13A8A9A14A15A16A19A20A17A18A14A21A222010A102A1121A123A1110A12A25A23A24A26A29A30A27A28A31A32A33A19A6A4A34A352010A103A1111A124A1110A12A38A36A37A21A39A402010A104A1111A124A1120A12A43A41A42A44A45A46A37A47A38A36A37A21A48A402010A104A1121A125A1115A12A51A49A37A21A38A4A50A522010A105A1116A125A1126A12A51A49A37A21A38A4A53A54A522010A105A1127A126A113A12A51A49A37A21A38A4A53A55A522010A106A114A126A1110A12A37A21A56A57A58A592010A106A1111A126A1120A12A25A23A37A21A60A61主要G2454G13783G1082目G708资料G709A64A62A63A67A65A66A70A71A68A69A72A73A37A74A75A76A77A78A79A80A70A83A81A82A84A82A32A87A85A85A86A90A87A88A87A62A92A87A89A64A87A63A94A91A93A97A70A71A68A69A72A95A73A37A43A96A71A98A99A69A72A100A101A74A102A95A70A105A103A104A106A87A85A85A86A109A62A92A109A109A64A109A63A110A107A108A70A95A69A72A73A37A43A111A71A99A112A113A104A106A74A75A76A70A116A114A82A115A87A85A85A62A90A62A88A62A109A92A62A117A64A89A63A120A118A119A97A70A71A68A69A72A73A37A74A121A95A75A76A77A78A43A122A123A69A72A73A37A74A124A125A126A127A70A104A106A73A37A87A85A85A117A90A117A88A62A92A109A64A117A63A130A128A97A70A71A68A69A72A95A73A37A77A98A96A71A99A69A129A131A74A79A80A70A114A132A133A134A135A6A82A84A82A87A85A85A62A90A136A88A62A117A92A62A136A64A136A63A139A137A138A70A105A103A71A68A69A72A73A37A74A95A25A76A43A111A71A98A99A69A72A100A101A74A140A141A70A34A35A142A143A144A87A85A85A62A90A109A88A87A86A92A87A145A64A86A63A148A146A70A71A68A69A72A73A37A74A121A95A75A76A70A114A147A149A104A150A82A82A32A87A85A85A85A90A117A88A62A87A92A62A117A64A151A63A154A155A70A71A68A69A72A73A37A74A75A76A77A98A75A76A96A71A152A74A79A80A70A104A106A153A156A87A85A85A109A62A89A92A62A136A64A145A63A159A157A158A70A105A103A71A68A69A72A73A37A160A161A26A162A43A111A71A98A99A69A72A98A131A70A165A163A164A32A28A75A43A104A106A87A85A85A89A90A117A88A86A87A92A86A109A64A62A85A63A168A166A138A70A71A68A69A72A73A37A75A76A98A75A76A96A71A152A74A79A80A70A71A68A69A72A87A85A85A136A62A109A92A62A136A64A62A62A63A94A167A70A105A103A71A68A69A72A73A37A98A111A71A99A69A100A101A74A79A80A70A171A169A42A115A87A85A85A136A90A62A87A88A117A109A92A117A89A64A62A87A173A170A70A175A103A71A68A69A72A73A37A98A96A71A98A99A69A72A75A76A74A79A80A70A104A106A73A37A43A104A106A172A73A87A85A85A117A90A145A88A151A92A14513A177A174A176A70A96A71A98A99A69A72A75A76A175A178A153A156A70A149A104A179A87A85A85A136A90A85A136A88A151A87A92A151A10914A182A180A181A180A183A184A185A186A180A187A188A189A190A184A191A192A193A194A188A187A195A70THEORYOFINTERNATIONALTRADEA702004A198A196A198A196A149A104A150A82A36A197A19915JIANGQIANGA200NEWTHEORYOFINTERNATIONALTRADEONCHINASFOREIGNTRADESTRATEGYANDITSINSPIRATIONA200CONTEMPORARYECONOMIC2008A201A202A203A204A202A205A206A207A202A205A20516A208A209A210A211A212A207A213A214A215A216A200ONTHEORYOFPROCESSINGTRADEINCHINAA217A218A212A219A220A221A222A223A212A215A222A224A225A226A224A211A221A215A220A213A227A228A212A215A222A221A220A213A229A224A211A222A230A231A215A214A232A212A221A233A214A222A234A224A225A235A224A221A212A233A222A221A234A220A215A236A237A212A238A230A215A224A213A224A216A234A227A228A230A220A215A216A233A230A220A227A239A211A215A220A215A206A202A240A240A240A206A227A228A230A214A215A220A217A203A240A240A24117LANDA217A242A200A243A200FOREIGNTRADEANDECONOMICREFORMINCHINAA244197819961992CAMBRIDGEUNIVERSITYPRESS主要G1214G3132G16786G3803G2462G7460料G7261多G4198G1319G13605G134882G3282G1082文献，3期G2014G7446G5547论文G708G16786G16757G709过G12255G1025G6957师的G6363G4560G4445G6502G726G6365工作G16757G2022G6203行，经G5132与G13781师G1457G6357G13864系G708G8611G2620G16277面G980G8437G709对G16757G2022的G16840G7138G726A245毕业设计论文开题报告经济与管理学院经济学系经济学专业2006级01班课题名称国际贸易新理论对我国对外贸易的启示学生姓名学号指导教师报告日期2010年03月25日1本课题所涉及的问题及应用现状综述A246A247A248A249A250A251A252A253A254A255A105A0A249A250A251A252A1A2A3A4A5A6A7A255A15A8A6A9A5A10A11A228A229A251A252A12A13A14A19A232A171A249A250A14A16A17A18A20A21A14A22A23A24A25A2A5A26A27A28A29A14A30A31A32A33A34A35A255A246A36A37A249A38A39A5A251A252A40A41A42A43A44A253A45A228A56A46A229A41A255A34A47A249A71A39A251A252A4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3前提假设、分析方法分析734贸易基础认识分析74我国对外贸易发展状况及问题741我国外贸发展总体状况742我国外贸发展存在的问题85基于新国际贸易理论发展我国对外贸易的启示951立足现实，将比较优势转化为竞争优势952依据规模经济贸易理论，重视规模经济作用953培育和发展贸易的要素基础1054发展高层次产业内贸易，提高对外贸易竞争力1055进行外贸主体结构和市场结构多元化1056大力支持战略和高新技术产业发展及结构升级1157发挥政府作用116结论11致谢13参考文献14A41A42A43A44A45A46A47A48A49A41A48A50A43A44A52A53A54I摘要二战后随着科学技术进步和生产力发展，国际贸易规模越来越大，贸易的商品结构和地区分布也发生了很大变化，以绝对优势论、比较优势理论和资源禀赋理论为代表的传统国际贸易理论对国际贸易新的变化已难以做出有力的解释，出现了以竞争优势论、战略性贸易政策理论和产业内贸易理论等为代表的新的国际贸易理论。随着我国加入WTO，对外贸易总额和增长率均高于GDP发展速度，对外开放程度日益提高，中国逐步融入世界经济体系，对外经济交流与合作频繁。针对新的经济环境态势，为使我国对外贸易发展G7368加G5191G12295、长G17840，G1186G13792有G6940G6524G2172经济长G7411G1593G5259发展G15G7424G7003结合我国现G4466外贸经济G10378G1929，以G993G4448G1852竞争与规模经济的国际贸易理论、国际贸易新G16213G13044论、国G4490竞争优势论、战略性贸易政策理论和产业内贸易论为代表的新国际贸易理论对我国对外贸易进G15904G11752G12362与分G7524，进G13792提出新国际贸易理论对我国对外贸易发展的G14521G5190G2563G12046。G1863G19202G16801G726对外贸易国际贸易新理论政策G2563G12046A55A56A57A58A59A60A61A62A63A55A62A64A57A58A65A66A67IIABSTRACTAFTERWORLDWARII,THESCALEOFINTERNATIONALTRADESISGETTINGBIGGERANDBIGGERWITHSCIENCESANDTECHNOLOGYSPROGRESSANDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFPRODUCTIVEFORCES,THESTRUCTUREOFGOODSTRADEANDTHELOCALDISTRIBUTIONHASALSOHADTHEVERYSWEEPINGCHANGEABSOLUTEADVANTAGETHEORY,THEORYOFCOMPARATIVEADVANTAGEANDRESOURCEENDOWMENTEHEORYASREPRESENTEDBYTRADITIONALINTERNATIONALTRADETHEORYONINTERNATIONALTRADEHADNOTEFFECTIVEEXPLANATIONSTHISNEWCHANGE,THEREHASBECOMEDETOCOMPITITIVEADVANTAGES,STRATEGICTRADEPOLICYANDTRADETHEORYASTHEREPRESENTATIVEOFTHENEWINTERNATIONALTRADETHEORYFOREIGNTRADEVOLUMEANDTHERATESAREHIGHERTHANTHERATEOFDEVELOPMENTOFGDPSINCECHINAACCESSIONTOWTO,THEOPENINGTOTHEOUTSIDEWORLDINCREASINGDEGREEENHANCESDAYBYDAY,CHINASGRADUALINTEGRATIONINTOTHEWORLDECONOMICSYSTEM,FOREIGNECONOMICEXCHANGEANDCOOPERATIONAREBECOMINGFREQUENTLYPOLYGONATUMFORTHENEWECONOMICSITUATION,TOCAUSEOURCOUNTRYFOREIGNTRADEDEVELOPMENTTOBESTEADIER,LONGTERM,BYTHEEFFECTIVEIMPETUSECONOMYLONGTERMHEALTHYDEVELOPMENT,INTHISPAPER,THEREALITYOFCHINAFOREIGNTRADEECONOMICCONDITIONS,TOIMPERFECTCOMPETITIONANDECONOMIESOFSCALEININTERNATIONALTRADETHEORY,NEWELEMENTSOFINTERNATIONALTRADETHEORY,COMPETITIVEADVANTAGEOFNATIONS,STRATEGICTRADEPOLICYANDTRADEWITHININDUSTRY,ASREPRESENTEDONTHENEWINTERNATIONALTRADETHEORYRESEARCHANDANALYSISOFCHINASFOREIGNTRADE,ANDTHENPROPOSEANEWTHEORYOFINTERNATIONALTRADEONTHEDEVELOPMENTOFCHINASFOREIGNTRADEREVELATIONKEYWORDSFOREIGNTRADENEWTHEORYOFINTERNATIONALTRADEPOLICYIMPLICATIONSA68A69A70A71A72A73A74A75A76A68A75A77A70A71A78A79A8111引言G1186G18337商G1039G1053G14279G1182，国际贸易理论经G17819G1972G11346G5192的发展，已G1186G7380G2033的以绝对优势理论、比较优势理论、G16213G13044禀赋论等为代表的传统贸易理论发展G2052以竞争优势论、产业内贸易论、战略性贸易政策论为代表的国际贸易新理论。二战以来，G3324新贸易理论G6363G4560G991，发G17810国G4490加G5390了对高科技G15904业产业的G6218G6357与资G2173力度G727产业政策与贸易政策G11468结合，政G5232和G1237业G13864合G11752G12362开发新技术以G6915G6357G11705G16794、技术G4506G19610G3423产业发展，G3926G13666国政G5232国G19462G18331G17153资G2173G14334G3837G14334G12366、G1461G5699产业G727日G7424政G5232与G5049业G13864合G11752G12362G2334G4560体、G18337化G5049新技术等等G727G3324G256G1457G6264G5200G12270G708高科技G709G5049业论G257G991，发G17810国G4490争G11468G6218G6357高科技产业发展与贸易，以G2474G5483优势、G14731G2474G2045益。G14270G6925G19773开放以来，我国对外贸易G2588现比较G3921的发展态势，对外交流与合作G7368加频繁，G8503逐步融入世界经济体系中。G1306G7171，我国外贸中G1185G4396G3324很G3822G19394G20076。G3926G1321G19766对和G13051G17331世界经济发展G7053G2533，G2058G4462G17878合我国国G5785的外贸发展战略与政策G6526G7057，增G5390我国外贸G13520合竞争力，G5529G20047G11752G12362国际经发展新G2172G2533和国际贸易理论G11752G12362G15406G6323G6116G7536，以G1820进的理论来G6363G4560我国外贸的发展。G7424G7003G8503G7171G3534于以G990现G4466背景阐述和分G7524新国际贸易理论对我国对外贸易的影响与G2563G12046。2国际贸易理论发展演变过程21从古典国际贸易理论到新古典国际贸易理论211古典国际贸易理论对国际贸易理论的探索开始于15世纪末G1427916世纪G2033，G18337点G3324于商业领域，形G6116G18337商G1039G1053学说。G205218世纪，国际贸易理论发生深刻变化，以斯G4506与李嘉图为代表创立了古典国际贸易理论。斯G4506以地域分G5049理论作为国际贸易理论G3534础，创立绝对G2045益说。他认为G3324国际分G5049中，每个国G4490应专门生产G14270己有绝对优势的产品，并用其中一部分交换有绝对劣势产品，才能有G6940的G2045用资源，G7368G3921的促进分G5049与交换，使每个国G4490G14731G5483G7380大G2045益。其理论固有G8503确之处，G1306前提条件G7171各国都G4396G3324有别于其他国G4490的G14270然禀赋或后G3837有G2045条件。G14521一个国G4490G3324任G1321产品生产G990都没有优势，那么这个国G4490可否参加国际分G5049对此，李嘉图的比较优势说加以解决。比较优势学说认为G726一国G3324两种商品的生产G990与另一国G11468比都有绝对优势，G13792另一国G3324这两种商品G990处于劣势，只G16213这两种优势与劣势程度G993同，两国G1185有参与国际贸易并G1186中G14731G2045的可能。一国生产和出口优势较大的产品，即G256两优G2474其G18337G257，另一国G4490专门生产并出口劣势较小的产品，G256两劣G2474其轻G257，那么两A82A83A84A85A86A87A88A89A90A82A89A91A84A85A92A93A942国G3324有G11468对优势的产品G990进G15904专业化生产和贸易，G1185可使两国G14731G5483增加生产总量，提高社会福G2045的G3921处。比较优势理论解决了绝对G2045益说无法回答的G19394G20076，G1306造G6116各国G3324生产同种产品G990G6116G7424差别未说清楚。212新古典国际贸易理论19世纪末20世纪G2033，G3324新古典经济学的理论框架之G991对国际贸易进G15904分G7524的新古典贸易理论随之产生。赫克歇尔认为技术差异之外，还G4396G3324其他原因决G4462各国G3324G993同产品G990的比较优势，G13792G7380G18337G16213的G7171生产G16213G13044禀赋G10378G1929G993同和使用G16213G13044的比例G993同，提出了建立G3324资源禀赋和生产G16213G13044比例G3534础之G990的比较优势理论。俄林以及萨缪尔森G3324俄林的G3534础G990倡G4560的G16213G13044禀赋说G708HOS理论G709为新古典贸易理论做出了突出贡献。他们认为G726由于G993同国G4490拥有的生产G16213G13044G993同，一国应该出口G4506G19610使用G7424国G11468对丰富的G16213G13044生产的商品，进口G4506G19610使用G7424国G11468对稀缺的G16213G13044生产的商品。即G2183G2172力丰富的国G4490应该生产和出口G2183G2172G4506G19610G3423商品，资G7424丰富的国G4490应生产并出口资G7424G4506G19610G3423商品。此理论认为各国的G11468对G16213G13044丰富度G252G252G16213G13044禀赋使国际贸易中各国G1867有比较优势的G3534G7424原因和决G4462因G13044。总之，古典和新古典贸易理论G1186各国的G2183G2172生产率及资源禀赋等差异G7053G19766G6593G12046了国际贸易发展的原因、G7438理和G2045G5483。他们认为，G3324G4448G1852竞争的条件G991，G14270由贸易可以G4466现资源的优化G18209G13634G727政策G1039G5364使各国提倡G14270由贸易，G7693G6466比较优势和资源禀赋进G15904国际分G5049和专业化生产，G17902G17819这种生产与贸易，G993G1177可以提高各国福G2045G8712G5191，使产量G7380大化，还可以G6925G2904各国G6922入分G18209G10378G1929。22当代国际贸易新理论二战后随着科学技术的进步和生产力的G993G7041发展，国际贸易的规模越来越大，国际贸易的商品结构和地区分布也发生了很大变化G726发G17810国G4490之G19400的贸易比G18337G11468对G6205大，G2058G6116品贸易比G18337G990G2331G727G17340国G1856G2508内部贸易越来越大等。G19766对这G1135新G5785G1929，传统的国际贸易理论即比较优势理论和资源禀赋说已难以做出有力的解释，G10317别G7171G256G18336G7126G5801G3839之G16880G257中G17828用G6249入产出分G7524G7053法对战后G13666国对外贸易商品结构进G15904分G7524G16757G12651，G5483出与G16780G3822国G4490贸易模G5347G11468G2575合的G16213G13044禀赋论G11468G11695G11474的结论，使G5483经济学界G19675G5790之G1325G6484G17227探G16764和解释其的G9921G9538，出现了G2183G2172G10099G13463说、G1166力资G7424说、G16213G13044G2465G2533论等学说，G7509大的促进了战后国际分G5049和贸易理论的发展。G1820后出现的国际贸易新理论中影响较大的有以G991G1972种部分阐述G726（1）基于不完全竞争与规模经济论的国际贸易理论1）基于不完全竞争的国际贸易理论G993G4448G1852竞争G5078G3342经G5132与规模经济G11468G1288出现，G7171G6363G4581G6980G1237业生产G1867有差异性的A82A83A84A85A86A87A88A89A90A82A89A91A84A85A92A93A943同G12879产品G5078G3342，即G3416G7041竞争G5078G3342。其G4396G3324一G4462的G3416G7041因G13044，G3926G1237业的进出G4396G3324G19568G11873，产品G15441G4658同G12879，G1306G4396G3324G993同G6940用以G9397G17287G9052G17165G13785的G8454G7407与G19668G8726。G5078G3342结构G2265G6336G1259G3822生产G13785和G9052G17165G13785G13464G6116的G3416G7041竞争G5078G3342，G4581G6980G1972G4490G11468G1126G1393G4396的G4533G3848G5078G3342和G4448G1852G3416G7041G5078G3342。G993G4448G1852竞争的国际贸易理论认为产品差异G7171国际贸易的新的G3534础G727国G4490之G19400规模经济和G16213G13044禀赋差异越小，贸易以规模经济G5353G17227的产业内贸易为G1039，差异越大，产业G19400贸易G4613越G7186G14891G727G3324G3416G7041的G5078G3342结构G991，国际贸易G2475G2052G17828G17767G6116G7424与G1863G12258G3733G3430的影响，贸易结构以产业内贸易为G1039G16213对G16949。G5078G3342结构决G4462了G15904业竞争程度和贸易形G5347，因此G1393G6466国内外G5078G3342结构G10378G1929G2058G4462贸易政策，G3324贸易G14270由化进程中以G7380大程度G1457G6264G1237业、国G4490G2045益。2基于规模经济的国际贸易理论规模经济G2265G6336G19757态和G2172态两种G6940应。G19757态G6940应表G7138，一国G1237业G14521拥有G17241G17819其国内竞争G13785的规模优势，那么这种规模优势G4570G17728化为G7368G1314的G17805际G6116G7424和G7368高的G5078G3342G1233额G727G2172态规模经济G17902G5132发生G3324G1817G9397着技术创新和进步的、G993G4448G1852竞争的高科技G15904业产业。G3324G4466G17353中，G6922益G17894增G7380G18337G16213的G2172态形G5347与来源G7171G11752G12362开发和学G1076G6940应。规模经济的贸易说G7138了G5415代国际G5078G3342以G3416G7041竞争和G5049业G2058品贸易为G1039的G10317G5461，G5049业品G3822G7691化使G5483任G1321一个国G4490都G993可能G11053用G7424国资源生产G6164有G5049业G2058品，即使同一G15904业也有进出，贸易G12366G19400G5852加G5203G8879，为贸易发展提G1391了G7438会。同G7114，规模经济G5114来的G6116G7424优势可以增G5390国际竞争力。规模经济贸易理论的政策G1039G5364认为一国G17902G17819出口G15929G17160、G1863G12258的G6526G7057，可以增G5390G7424国G1237业的国际竞争能力，率G1820G6262G2356高新技术产业的G256G2058高点G257，G16863G2474规模经济之G12879的额外G6922益，以开G6311和G14731G2474其他G5078G3342G1233额和G5049业G2045G9082，促使世界专业