APA格式引用规范

1、APA格式引用规范标题根据APA格式，标题是用来组织文章，使得其有层次架构。APA格式规定了文章内“标题”的特定格式（1到5级），此详细内容可参阅美国心理协会刊物手册第五版的第1134 / 4页，级数和格式如下:第1级：置中大小 写标题（Centered Upp ercase andLowercase Heading)第2级：置中、斜体、大小写标题（Centered, Italicized,Upp ercase and Lowercase Heading)第3级：靠左对齐、斜体、大小写标题(Flush Left,Italicized, Upp ercase and Lowercase Side

2、 Heading)第4级：缩排、斜体、小写标题，最后加句号（Indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period)第 5 级：置中大写标题 (CENTERED UPPERCASE HEADING)以下是参考文献中的一些用法。APA格式规定“参考文献”部分的人名必须以姓氏的字母顺序来排列，包括姓氏的前缀。譬如， Martin de Rijke被改成 “ De Rijke, M.” ；Saif Al Falasi 则改成 “ Al-Falasi,Saif. ”o（阿拉伯文名字通常在姓氏和前缀之间加上连字号，所以

3、姓氏和前缀自成一体。）纸本文献单一作者著作的书籍:Sheril,R. D. (1956). The terrifyingfuture:Conte mpl ating color television. San Diego: Halstead.两位作者以上合著的书籍:Smith, J., & Peter, Q. (1992). Hairball:Anintensivepeek behind the surface of an enigma.Hamilton, ON: McMaster University P ress.Mcdonalds, A. (1993). Practical me

4、thods for the apprehension and sustained containment of supernatural-64).entities. In G. L. Yeager (Ed.),Paranormal and occult studies: Case studies in app lication (pp. 42London: OtherWorld Books.期刊中的文章（非连续页码）:Crackton, P. (1987). The Loonie: God s long-awaited gift to colourful pocket change? Cana

5、dian Change, 64(7), 34 - 37.期刊中的文章（连续页码）:Rottweiler, F. T., & Beauchemin, J. L. (1987).Detroit and Narnia: Twofoes on the brink of destruction.-146.Canadian/American Studies Journal, 54, 66月刊杂志中的文章:Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today s schools. Time, 135, 28-31.Wrong, M

6、. (2005, August 17). Misquotes are“ Problematastic ” says Mayor. Toronto Sol. p. 4.政府官方文献:Revenue Canada. (2001). Advanced gouging: Manual for empioyees (MP 65 - 347/1124). Ottawa: Minister ofImmigration and Revenue.线上文献网络文章的打印版本Marlowe, P., Spade, S., & Chan, C. (2001).。Journal of PointlessDete

7、ctive work and the benefits of colour versus black and white Electronic versionResearch, 11, 123- 124.电子期刊的文章（只有网络版的期刊）Blofeld, E. S. (1994, March 1). Ex pressing oneself through P ersian cats and modern architecture. Felines & Felons, 4, Article 0046g. Retrieved October 3, 1999, from 网页地址电子短信(n

8、ewsletter) 的文章 Paradise, S., Moriarty,D., Marx, C., Lee, O. B., Hassel, E., et al. (1957, July).P ortrayals of fictional characters in reality-based popu lar writing: P roject up date. Offthe beaten p ath, 7(3). Retrieved October 3, 1999,from网页地址从大学课程或系上网站取得的文献Rogers, B. (2078). Faster-than-light travel: What we v