greek_mythology古希腊神话英文介绍

1、Greek MythologGreek Mythology y 希腊神希腊神话话 Greek Mythology is a group of traditional tales told by the ancient Greeks about the deeds of gods, heroes and their relations with human beings. 希腊神话讲了很多古希腊的故事，有神、英雄的故事以及他们和普通人 类之间的关系。 The Greek mythology is an important part of the ancient culture which has

2、 vast and deep influence on the whole western culture. 希腊神话是古文化重要的一部分，与整个西方文化有着广泛而又紧密的 联系。 Its great influence upon the English language and literature is beyond description. A great number of words and idioms in the English laguage come from the Greek mythology. 它在英语和文学作品方面的巨大影响力是无法形容的。英语中的很多单 词和语言

3、表达方式都是来自希腊神话。 In the beginning, the universe is a cosmos evolving from Chaos. Chaos and Gaea (the earth) generate everything that exists, including seas, mountains, gods and monsters. Then Gaeas mating with her son Uranus （the sky), which produces 12 Titans with Gronus as their leader. 宇宙之初，只有卡俄斯（即“

4、混沌”)。卡俄斯和盖亚创造了大 海、大山、神还有妖怪，并赋予他们生命。后来盖亚与她的儿子乌 拉诺斯结婚，由此产生了以克罗诺斯为首的12泰坦。 Advised by his mother, Grouns beats Uranus, severs the link between sky and earth, and becomes the new king of the cosmos. Gronus copulates with his sister, Rhea to bring about Zeus and siblings, the future of older Olympians. 克罗

5、诺斯在他母亲的建议和帮助下打败了他的父亲乌拉诺斯， 分开了天地间的连接，成为了宇宙的新首领。克罗诺斯与他的姐姐 瑞亚结婚，诞生了宙斯以及他的兄弟姐妹，翻开了古奥林匹亚崭新 的一页。 the old theogony : the Tians the old theogony : the Tians （旧旧神神谱谱: :奥奥林匹斯十二泰坦）林匹斯十二泰坦） the old theogony : the Gods the old theogony : the Gods （新神新神谱奥谱奥林匹斯十二主神）林匹斯十二主神） Perseus (Perseus (珀尔修斯珀尔修斯) ) Jason (Jas

6、on (伊阿宋伊阿宋) ) Heracles (Heracles (赫拉克勒斯赫拉克勒斯) ) Theseus (Theseus (忒修斯忒修斯) ) Medusa(Medusa(美杜莎美杜莎) ) MinotaurusMinotaurus ( (米米诺诺陶洛斯陶洛斯) ) Cerberus (Cerberus (刻耳柏洛斯刻耳柏洛斯) ) PART1PART1：The Olympian Gods and other DeitiesThe Olympian Gods and other Deities PART2PART2：HeroesHeroes PART3PART3：MonstersMon

7、sters PART1PART1：The Olympian Gods The Olympian Gods and other Deitiesand other Deities 1、the Titans 2、the Gods 3、other Deities The ancient Greeks worshiped many gods.The ancient Greeks worshiped many gods. Greek Greek gods cangods can bebe divided into several groups.The earliestdivided into severa

8、l groups.The earliest group was Titansgroup was Titans , , ledled by Cronusby Cronus . . The most powerful The most powerful groupgroup waswas the Olympiansthe Olympians . . TheThe Olympians are a group of Olympians are a group of gods who gods who ruled afterruled after the overthrow the overthrow

9、of the Titans.of the Titans. All theAll the OlympiansOlympians areare related in some wayrelated in some way . . TheyThey areare named afternamed after their their dwellingdwelling（住宅住宅, ,住所）住所）place Mount Olympus. place Mount Olympus. 古希腊崇拜很多神古希腊崇拜很多神, , 古希腊的神被分古希腊的神被分为为几几组组, , 最古老一最古老一组组 的被的被称为称为泰

10、坦泰坦 , , 由克由克罗诺罗诺斯斯领导领导。最强大的一。最强大的一组组被被称为奥称为奥林匹林匹 斯山神。斯山神。奥奥林匹斯山神由林匹斯山神由个个神神组组成成 ，他，他们颠们颠覆了泰坦覆了泰坦时时期期 的的规规律。所有的律。所有的奥奥林匹斯山神在某林匹斯山神在某个个方面都有着或多或少的方面都有着或多或少的联联 系。他系。他们们的名字的名字来来自于他自于他们们居住的居住的奥奥林匹斯山。林匹斯山。 the Titansthe Titans（十二泰坦）（十二泰坦） Cronus(克罗诺斯克罗诺斯) : 天空之神。天空之神。 Rhea(瑞亚瑞亚) : 时光女神。时光女神。 Oceanus(俄刻阿诺斯俄

11、刻阿诺斯) : 水之神。水之神。 Tethys(泰西斯泰西斯) : 沧海女神。俄刻阿诺斯之妻。沧海女神。俄刻阿诺斯之妻。 Crius(克瑞斯克瑞斯) : 生长之神。生长之神。 Lapetus (伊阿佩托斯伊阿佩托斯) : 灵魂之神灵魂之神 。阿忒拉斯、普罗米修斯、厄庇米。阿忒拉斯、普罗米修斯、厄庇米 修斯和墨诺提俄斯之父。修斯和墨诺提俄斯之父。 Phoebe(福柏福柏) : 月之女神。月之女神勒托与阿斯特瑞亚之母。月之女神。月之女神勒托与阿斯特瑞亚之母。 Coeus (科俄斯科俄斯) : 智力之神。智力之神。 Themis (忒弥斯忒弥斯) : 秩序和正义女神。宙斯第二位妻子秩序和正义女神。宙

12、斯第二位妻子,时序三女神母时序三女神母 。 Mnemosyne(谟涅摩叙涅谟涅摩叙涅) : 记忆之神。宙斯第五位妻子记忆之神。宙斯第五位妻子,九缪斯之母九缪斯之母 。 Hyperion(许配利翁许配利翁) : 光之神光之神 Thea(忒亚忒亚) : 许配利翁之妻。许配利翁之妻。 the the GodsGods（十二主神）（十二主神） ZeusZeus( (宙斯宙斯): ): the god of the sky. Hera(Hera(赫拉赫拉): ): the goddess of marriage and childbirth. PoseidonPoseidon( (波塞冬波塞冬): ):

13、 the god of the sea,protector. Hades(Hades(哈迪斯哈迪斯): ): the god the dead andwealth. Hestia(Hestia(赫斯提亚赫斯提亚): ): the goddess of the Hearth(灶台). Ares(Ares(阿瑞斯阿瑞斯): ): the god of war. Hermes(Hermes(赫尔墨斯赫尔墨斯): ): the god of thieves and commerce. Hephaestus(Hephaestus(赫斯菲托斯赫斯菲托斯): ): the god of fire and t

14、he forge(熔炉). Apollo(Apollo(阿波罗阿波罗): ): the god of light. Artemis(Artemis(阿尔忒弥斯阿尔忒弥斯): ): the goddess of chastity,virginity,the hunt, the moon,and the natural environment. Athena(Athena(雅典娜雅典娜): ): the Greek virgin goddess of reason, intelligent activity,arts and literature. Aphrodite(Aphrodite(阿弗洛狄

15、德阿弗洛狄德): ): the goddess of love,desire and beauty. King of the sky and the King of the sky and the earth. earth. R Ruler of theuler of the Olympiangods. Olympiangods. He was the rain godHe was the rain god , , andand thethe cloudcloud gatherergatherer, ,whowho h holdsolds t thehe terriblterrible e t

16、hunderboltthunderbolt. . H His bird the eagleis bird the eagle, , hishis treetree is is thethe oak oak . . ZeusZeus 宙斯宙斯 He is married to Hera butHe is married to Hera but, ,is famous for his many is famous for his many affairsaffairs. . He is also known to punish those that lie or break He is also

17、known to punish those that lie or break oathsoaths. . Zeus wife and sister.Zeus wife and sister. Queen of the gods. Queen of the gods. Goddess of marriage Goddess of marriage and childbirth and takes and childbirth and takes special care of married special care of married women. women. Hera Hera 赫拉赫

18、拉 Most stories concerning Hera have to do with her Most stories concerning Hera have to do with her jealous revenge for Zeuss infidelitiesjealous revenge for Zeuss infidelities（不信神，不忠）（不信神，不忠）. . B Brotherrother of Zeusof Zeus . . GodGod ofof thethe seasea , , protectorof protectorof all all waters.

19、waters. His weapon is aHis weapon is a tridenttrident ( (三叉戟三叉戟) , ) , whichcan shake the whichcan shake the earthearth , , and shatter and shatter anyobject. anyobject. PoseidonPoseidon 波塞冬波塞冬 He is second only toHe is second only to Zeus inZeus in power amongstpower amongst the gods.the gods. He w

20、as widely worshiped by seamen. Brother of Zeus. Brother of Zeus. God of the dead. God of the dead. Ruler of the underworld. Ruler of the underworld. God of wealth , due to God of wealth , due to the precious metals minedthe precious metals mined from the earth. from the earth. Hades Hades 哈迪斯哈迪斯 Zeu

21、s sister.Zeus sister. Goddess of the hearth Goddess of the hearth（灶灶 台）台）. . The symbol of the house The symbol of the house around which a new born around which a new born childchild is carried before it is is carried before it is receivedreceived into the family. into the family. Hestia Hestia 赫斯提

22、赫斯提亚亚 Of all the Olympians, she is the mildest, most upright and most charitable （仁慈的）. Son of Zeus and Hera. Son of Zeus and Hera. God of war. God of war. He is considered He is considered murderousmurderous （行凶的）（行凶的） and bloodstainedand bloodstained （血（血污污的）的）but also a coward. but also a coward.

23、 He was disliked by both He was disliked by both parents.parents. Ares Ares 阿瑞斯阿瑞斯 He was the one god who ever had to submit to the power of He was the one god who ever had to submit to the power of his inferiors. At one time lack of tact and good judgment led to his inferiors. At one time lack of t

24、act and good judgment led to his shame. He was fighting with two giants , and finding his shame. He was fighting with two giants , and finding himself no match for the two monstrous creatures , laid down himself no match for the two monstrous creatures , laid down his arms and was imprisoned in chai

25、ns.his arms and was imprisoned in chains. He was set free in the end by the artful Hermes, but not He was set free in the end by the artful Hermes, but not before he had suffered all the humiliations.before he had suffered all the humiliations. Ares: All that you have, is dead! 阿瑞斯：阿瑞斯：“你所拥有的，只有死亡！你

26、所拥有的，只有死亡！” Son of Zeus. Son of Zeus. God of commerce. God of commerce. Messenger for all the Messenger for all the other gods. other gods. Guide for the dead to go Guide for the dead to go to the underworld. to the underworld. Hermes Hermes 赫尔墨赫尔墨 斯斯 He was the cleverest of the He was the cleverest

27、 of the Olympian gods.Olympian gods. He is the fastest of the gods. He is the fastest of the gods. He wears winged sandals, He wears winged sandals, a winged hat, and carries a a winged hat, and carries a magic magic wandwand（棒）（棒）. . 他是奥林匹斯山上最聪明的他是奥林匹斯山上最聪明的 神。神。 他是速度最快的神，他脚生他是速度最快的神，他脚生 双翼，头上戴有翅膀的

28、帽子，手双翼，头上戴有翅膀的帽子，手 里拿着魔杖。里拿着魔杖。 Son of Zeus and Hera. Son of Zeus and Hera. God of fire and the forg God of fire and the forg （熔（熔炉炉）. . HephaestusHephaestus 赫菲斯托斯赫菲斯托斯 He is the smith and He is the smith and armorer (armorer (兵器制造者）兵器制造者） of the gods.of the gods. He is kind and peace loving . He is

29、 kind and peace loving . He is the only god to be physically ugly. He is the only god to be physically ugly. He is also lame( He is also lame(瘸瘸的，跛的的，跛的). ). 他是诸神的工匠，具有高超的技巧，制造了许多著名的神兵、神器。传说 阿波罗驾驶的日车、厄洛斯的金箭银箭、宙斯的神盾都是他铸制的。 Son of Zeus. Son of Zeus. God of sun. God of sun. God of healing who God of he

30、aling who taughttaught man medicine. man medicine. God of truth , who can God of truth , who can not not speak a lie.speak a lie. Apollo Apollo 阿波阿波罗罗 The archer, far shooting with a silver bow ( The archer, far shooting with a silver bow (弓箭弓箭). ). Apollo also was the god of music and Apollo also w

31、as the god of music and poetry.He could stir up all poetry.He could stir up all feelings.These feelings.These feelings are expressed in lofty feelings are expressed in lofty songs.Withsongs.With his lyre of gold and the sweet accents of his lyre of gold and the sweet accents of his godlike voice hel

32、d the choir of the his godlike voice held the choir of the Musesat Olympus.Musesat Olympus. 阿波阿波罗罗也是音也是音乐乐神和神和诗诗神。他可以神。他可以唤唤起人起人们们各各种种情感情感并并表表达达 于于圣圣歌中的。在歌中的。在奥奥林匹斯山上，他拿着金里拉，用林匹斯山上，他拿着金里拉，用优优美的音美的音调来调来 指指挥缪挥缪斯合唱。斯合唱。 He wore a purple robe.He wore a purple robe. He usually sat in his He usually sat i

33、n his bright eastern palace bright eastern palace early in the morning early in the morning and made ready to and made ready to start his daily journey start his daily journey across the sky.across the sky. One of Apollos more important daily tasks is to One of Apollos more important daily tasks is

34、to harness his chariot with four horses and drive the harness his chariot with four horses and drive the sun across the sky.sun across the sky. During the day hed rove his carriage of gold During the day hed rove his carriage of gold and and ivory , and brought light , life and love to the great ivo

35、ry , and brought light , life and love to the great world below . Late in the afternoon he came to the world below . Late in the afternoon he came to the end of his journey in the far western sea and got end of his journey in the far western sea and got onon his golden boat to return to his eastern

36、home.his golden boat to return to his eastern home. Daughter of Zeus. Daughter of Zeus. Her twin brother is Apollo. Her twin brother is Apollo. Goddess of the hunt , the Goddess of the hunt , the moon, chastity, virginity, and moon, chastity, virginity, and the natural environment.the natural enviro

37、nment. She is the protector of the She is the protector of the young women. young women. Artemis Artemis 阿尔忒弥斯阿尔忒弥斯 She is the master of wild animal. She is a good archer , the crescent moon is her bow. Daughter of Zeus. Daughter of Zeus. Goddess of wisdom Goddess of wisdom victory and war. victory

38、and war. She sprang full grown She sprang full grown inarmourinarmour（盔甲）（盔甲）from hisfrom his forehead forehead ，thus has no thus has no mother .mother . Athena Athena 雅典娜雅典娜 She is fierce and brave She is fierce and brave in battle but, onlyin battle but, only wars wars to defined the state and to

39、defined the state and home from outside home from outside enemies. enemies. She is the goddess She is the goddess of the city, of the city, handicrafts, andhandicrafts, and agriculture. She agriculture. She invented the bridleinvented the bridle（ （ 缰绳缰绳） ）, the trumpet, , the trumpet, the flute, the

40、 pot, the flute, the pot, the plow, the yoke, the plow, the yoke, the ship, and the the ship, and the chariot. She is the chariot. She is the embodimentembodiment（化身）（化身） of wisdom, reason, of wisdom, reason, and purity.and purity. She was Zeuss favorite child and was allowed to She was Zeuss favori

41、te child and was allowed to useuse his weapons including his thunderbolt.his weapons including his thunderbolt. Her favorite Her favorite citycity isis Athens. Athens. Her tree is the olive.Her tree is the olive. The owl is her birdThe owl is her bird. . She is fierce andShe is fierce and brave in b

42、rave in battle,battle, butbut onlyonly wars towars to defineddefined the state andthe state and home from outsidehome from outside enemiesenemies. . Goddess of love Goddess of love ，desire and desire and beauty. beauty. She represented sex, affection, She represented sex, affection, and the attracti

43、on that binds and the attraction that binds people people together. together. Aphrodite Aphrodite 阿弗洛狄德阿弗洛狄德 In addition to her natural gifts , In addition to her natural gifts , she has a magical girdle that she has a magical girdle that compelscompels （迫使）（迫使）anyone she wishes to desireanyone she

44、wishes to desire her.her. Her tree is myrtle (Her tree is myrtle (桃金娘；桃金娘；爱爱神神 木木) . Dove () . Dove (白白鸽鸽) is her bird.) is her bird. PrometheusPrometheus（普（普罗罗米修斯）米修斯） Creator of mankind. 人类的创造者 Mans protector and benefactor. 人类的保护者和拯救者。 He shaped man out of mud. 他用泥捏成人形，创造了人类。 He stole fire for ma

45、nkind ,with the result that he was punished form Zeus. He was chained to Mount Caucasus, and every morning an eagle would appeared and ate his liver, which grow back at night. 他为人类偷了圣火，所以被宙斯惩罚。他被绑在高加索山，每天早晨都 会有鹰来吃他的肝脏，肝脏会在晚上又长出来。 PART2PART2： HeroesHeroes Greek heroes were almost as important as the

46、gods in Greek mythology. Heroes were bigger, braver, and more beautiful than ordinary men and women. In most cases their fathers or grandfathers were gods, but their mothers were mortals, so they were often called demigods (half-gods). 在希腊神话中，希腊英雄和希腊神同样重要。英雄们比普通的人 类更强大、更勇敢。他们中大部分人的父亲或者祖父是神，但他们的 母亲是普

47、通人，所以他们经常也被称为“半神人”。 Perseus (Perseus (珀尔修斯珀尔修斯) ) The son of Zeus. Got the help form Athena and The son of Zeus. Got the help form Athena and Hermes, he killed the Gorgon (Hermes, he killed the Gorgon (蛇蛇发发女妖女妖) Medusa. He ) Medusa. He fixed his eyes on Medusas reflection in the polishedfixed his eyes on Medusas reflection in the polished ( (光滑的光滑的) surface of his shield () surface of his shield (盾盾) and then cut off ) and then cut off her her head.head. J