The Principles of Project Management

1、the principles of project management by meri williams run projects on time and to budget using this simple step-by-step guide licensed to james.carlsonlicensed to james.carlsonsummary of contents preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2、. . . . . . . . . .xv1. so what is project management anyway? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12. getting started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173. getting the job done . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .534. keeping it smooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .915. following through . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133a. tools . . . . . . . .

4、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155b. resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181c. professional qualifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193licensed to james.carlsonlicensed to james.carlsonlicensed to james.carlsonlicensed to james.carlsoniv the principles of project management by

6、meri williams copyright ? 2008 sitepoint pty. ltd. expert reviewer: drew mclellan editor: georgina laidlaw expert reviewer: kevin lawver index editor: fred brown managing editor: simon mackie cover design: alex walker technical editor: toby somerville technical director: kevin yank printing history:

7、 first edition: february 2008 notice of rights all rights reserved. no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical arti

8、cles or reviews. notice of liability the author and publisher have made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information herein. however, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. neither the authors and sitepoint pty. ltd., nor its dealers or

9、distributors will be held liable for any damages to be caused either directly or indirectly by the instructions contained in this book, or by the software or hardware products described herein. trademark notice rather than indicating every occurrence of a trademarked name as such, this book uses the

10、 names only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner with no intention of infringement of the trademark. published by sitepoint pty. ltd. 48 cambridge street collingwood vic australia 3066. web: email: business isbn 978-0-9802858-6-4 printed and bound in canada licensed to j

11、ames.carlsonlicensed to james.carlsonv about the author meri spends her days managing projects at a large multinational, and her evenings writing 1at geek | manager and developing web sites. she loves motorbikes, shooting, tattoos, and going home to beautiful south africa whenever possible. in her s

12、pare time she is an enthusi-astic gamer, a novice surfer, and a keen cook. about the expert reviewers kevin lawver has worked for aol for thirteen years, building web “stuff” most of that time. as a reward for all that work, aol lets him work with ruby on rails, serve as aols ac representative to th

13、e w3c and build lots of fun stuff like . when hes not working or traveling, kevin blogs with his wife over at . drew mclellan is senior web developer and director at uk-based web development agency . he holds the title of group lead at the web standards project, and likes to bang on about microforma

14、ts whenever the opportunity arises. drew keeps a personal site at , covering web development issues and themes. about the technical editor toby somerville is a serial webologist, who caught the programming bug back in 2000. for his sins, he has been a pilot, a blacksmith, a web applications architec

15、t, and a freelance web developer. in his spare time he likes to kite buggy and climb stuff. about the technical director as technical director for sitepoint, kevin yank oversees all of its technical publica-tionsbooks, articles, newsletters, and blogs. he has written over 50 articles for sitepoint,

16、but is best known for his book, build your own database driven website using php & mysql. kevin lives in melbourne, australia, and enjoys performing improvised comedy theater and flying light aircraft. about sitepoint sitepoint specializes in publishing fun, practical, and easy-to-understand con

17、tent for web professionals. visit to access our books, newsletters, articles, and community forums. 1 http:/blog.geekmanager.co.uk/ licensed to james.carlsonlicensed to james.carlsonlicensed to james.carlsonlicensed to james.carlsonfor my lovely wife, elly licensed to james.carlsonlicensed to james.

18、carlsonlicensed to james.carlsonlicensed to james.carlsontable of contents preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvwho should read this book? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xvwhats c

19、overed in this book? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xvithe books web site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xviproject management cheat sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xviupdates and er

20、rata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xviithe sitepoint forums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xviithe sitepoint newsletters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xviiyou

21、r feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xviiacknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xviiiconventions used in this book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22、. . . . . .xixtips, notes, and warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xixchapter 1 so what is project management anyway? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1what is project management? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2understanding the project life cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3failure to launch or land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4negative perceptions of project management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24、 . . .6its boring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6it takes too long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7its too hard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25、 . . . . . . . . . .7what project management isnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8why you need pm skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9whats in it for me? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26、. . . . . . . . . . .9the underlying principles of project management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10licensed to james.carlsonlicensed to james.carlsonx doing pm right is an investment in making the “real work”matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27、 . . . . . . . . . . .10people problems cant be solved with software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11if it doesnt add value, it wont get done . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12the best tool is the one that works and gets used . . . . . . . . . . . . .12the best way to communicate is the way th

28、at gets youheard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14choosing the right tools and processes is the pms mostimportant job . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14summary . . . . . . . .

29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15chapter 2 getting started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17discovery: finding the projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17picking the best projects

30、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21identifying the opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21comparing the opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23ranking and choosing opportunities t

31、o pursue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24spotting bad projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26project, or day-by-day improvement? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28discovery tools and practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

32、. . . . . . .29who are all these people? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33stakeholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33stakeholder tools and best practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33、 . . . .39initiating your project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43the purpose of initiating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43the process of initiating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34、. . . . .44initiation tools and best practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44seven essential steps for a successful initiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35、 .51licensed to james.carlsonlicensed to james.carlsonxi chapter 3 getting the job done . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53why plan? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54what to plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55how to plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56tools and best practices . . . . . . . . . . .

37、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71executing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77let your team have ownership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77the link to personal productivity . . . . . . .

38、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78tools and best practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78controlling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80are you on track? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

39、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80measuring deliverables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81measuring everything else . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82risks, issues, and bugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84verification versus validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85looping back to plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86tools and best practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

41、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88chapter 4 keeping it smooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91communication and collaboration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

42、 . . . . . .91communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92collaboration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99tools and best practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

43、 . . . .113managing change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122types of change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122change control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

44、. . . . . .124tools and best practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127licensed to james.carlsonlicensed to james.carlsonxii summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131chapter 5 following throu

45、gh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133closing the project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133knowing when youre done . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134handling a total disconnect . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

46、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137closing a project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139tools and best practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142what comes next? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

47、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147defining your role . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147the superstar handover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149tools and best practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

48、 . . . . . . . . . .151summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153looking to the future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153the next project and the rest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

49、 . . . . . . . . . . .154appendix a tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155initiating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155project proposal template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155measuring value creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156project organization chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158communication plan template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

51、. . .159project initiation document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159typical kickoff meeting agenda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162planning, executing, and controlling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162project plan templ

52、ate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162work breakdown structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163gantt chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164risk management plan template

53、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164licensed to james.carlsonlicensed to james.carlsonxiii balance quadrant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165estimation techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

54、 .165issue list template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .166project status update template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169change request template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169planning softw

55、are . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170tracking software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174closing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175pr

56、oject sign-off template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175customer feedback questionnaire template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176lessons learned summary template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177project documentation template . . . . . . . . .

57、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178appendix b resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181blogs and web sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183appendix c professional qualifications . . . . . . . . . . 185associations and qualifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .