2010-2018年高考英语试题分类汇编---D第一部分阅读理解考点4社会生活类

1、第一部分 阅读理解 考点 4 社会生活类 一、（2018年全国卷I ）B Good Morning Britain s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa everymorning ， but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget In Save Money: Good Food ， she visits a dif

2、ferent home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste , while prepari ng recipes for un der 5 per family a day And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she eenasblbe to put a lot of what shes leant into practice in her own hom，e preparing meals f

3、or sons， Sam， 14， Finn， 13， and Jack， 11 We love Mexican churros ， so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant， she explains I pay 5 for a portion （ 一份）， but Matt makes them for 26p a portion ， because they are flour， water， sugar and oil Everybody can buy takeaway food ， but

4、 sometimes we re not aware how cheaply we can make this food o u ressel v The eight-part series（系歹U节自）, Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV Ss ave Money: Good Health ， which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market With food our

5、biggest weekly household expense， Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week In tonight s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in noefed some delicious inspiration on a budget The team transforms the family losng weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tast

6、y recipes 24What do we know about Susanna Reid? A She enjoys embarrassing her guests BShe has started a new programme CShe dislikes working early in the morning D She has had a tight budget for her family 25How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna? AHe buys cooking materials for her BHe prepares food for

7、her kids CHe assists her in cooking matters D He invites guest families for her 26 What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4? A Summarize the previous paragraphs B Provide some advice for the readers C Add some background information D Introduce a new topic for discussion 27 What can be a sui

8、table title for the text? A Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B Balancing Our Daily Diet CMaking yourself a Perfect Chef D Cooking Well for Less 二、（2018年全国卷I ）D We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new ， but a new study shows that we ke

9、ep using our old devices（ 装置 ） well after they go out of style That s bad news for the environment and our wallets as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things To figure out how much power these devices are using ， Callie Babbitt and her colleagues a

10、t the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s Devices were grouped by

11、generation Desktop computers， basic mobile phones， and box-set TVs defined 1992 Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997 And MP3 players ， smart phones， and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002 ， before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007 As we accumulated more devices， however ， we didnt throw out

12、 our old ones The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids room ， and suddenly one day， you have a TV in every room of the house ， said one researcher The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007 Were not just keeping these old de

13、vices we continue to use them According to the analysis of Babbitts team ， old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions （排放） more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window So whats the solu

14、tion （解决方案） ? The teams data only went up to 2007， but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function ， such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing

15、on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44% 32 What does the author think of new devices? A They are environment-friendly B They are no better than the old CThey cost more to use at home D They go out of style quickly 33 Why did Babbitts team conduct the resea

16、rch? A To reduce the cost of minerals B To test the life cycle of a product CTo update consumers on new technology D To find out electricity consumption of the devices 34 Which of the following uses the least energy? AThe box-set TV BThe tablet CThe LCD TV DThe desktop computer 35 What does the text

17、 suggest people do about old electronic devices? A Stop using them B Take them apart CUpgrade them D Recycle them 三、（2018年全国卷n ）D We ve all been there：in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling wi

18、th the uncomfortable silence What s the problem? It spossible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence It msore likely that none of us start a conversation because it aswkward and challenging , or we think it asnnoying and unnecessary But the next time you find yourself among strange

19、rs, consider that small talk is worth the trouble Experts say it s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can ftorget that deep relationships wouldn even exist if it weren for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease（润滑剂）f

20、orsocial communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk, he explains The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just co

21、mmunicate with them In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop One group was asked to seek out an interaction（ 互动 ） with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary The results showed that those who chatted with t

22、heir server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience It s not that talking to thewaiter is better than talking to your husband, says Dunn But interactions with peripheral（ 边缘的 ） members of our social network matter for our well-being also Dunn believes that

23、 people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk Small talk is the basis of good manners, he says 32 What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph? A Addiction to

24、 smartphones B Inappropriate behaviours in public places C Absence of communication between strangers D Impatience with slow service 33 What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci? A Showing good manners B Relating to other people C Focusing on a topic D Making business deals 3

25、4 What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk? 四、（2018年全国卷川）B Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade New York City, for A It im

26、proves family relationships B It raises people C It matters as much as a formal talk DIt makes people feel good 35 What is the best title for the text? A Conversation Counts B Ways of Making Small Talk C Benefits of Small Talk D Uncomfortable Silence example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of

27、the Hudson River Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness（ 荒野 ） But gold was discovered there in 1897， and two

28、years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000 Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris People went there for gold They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers The path to Dawso

29、n was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warming An avalanche（ 雪崩 ） once closed the path, killing 63 people For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich About 100 of these stay

30、ed rich men for the rest of their lives But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable Necessities like food and wood were very expensive But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and

31、 when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had comeToday, people still come and go to see where the Canadian gold rush happenedTourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City its present population is 762 24 What attracted the early settlers

32、 to New York City? AIts business culture B Its small population C Its geographical position D Its favourable climate 25 What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson? A Two-thirds of them stayed there B One out of five people got rich C Almost everyone gave up D Half of them died 26 W

33、hat was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson? A They found the city too crowded B They wanted to try their luck elsewhere C They were unable to stand the winter D They were short of food 27 What is the text mainly about? AThe rise and fall of a city B The gold rush in Canada C Journeys in

34、to the wilderness D Tourism in Dawson 五、 （2018 年天津卷 ）B When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her deathOn a sunny Saturday, Sally and I drove over to t

35、he museum She asked, Do you have the address? No, but I ll recognize it, there was a picture in the magazine Oh, stop There it is! ” The museum was free We entered, excited A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us May I help you? a man asked No, I said Were fine ”Tour g

36、uides got on my nerves What if they talked a long time about a painting you werent that interested in? Sally had gone upstairs The people in the hall seemed very nosy（ 爱窥探的 ）, keeping their eyes on me with curiosity What was their problem? I saw some nice sculptures in one room Suddenly I sensed a m

37、an standing behind me Where do you think you are? he asked I turned sharply The McNay Art Museum! He smiled, shaking his head Sorry, the McNay is on New Braunfels 颤） I raced to the staircase and called out, Sally! Come down immediately! Theres some really good stuff（ 艺术作品） up there She stepped down,

38、 looking confused I pushed her toward the front door, waving at the family, saying, Sorry, please forgive us, you have a really nice place Street What s this place? ” Well, its our home My heart jolted（ 震 Outside, when I told Sally what happened, she covered her mouth, laughing She couldnt believe h

39、ow long they let us look around without saying anything The real McNay was splendid, but we felt nervous the whole time we were there Van Gogh, Picasso This time, we stayed together, in case anything else unusual happened Thirty years later, a woman approached me in a public place Excuse me, did you

40、 ever enter a residence, long ago, thinking it was the McNay Museum? Yes But how do you know? We never told anyone That was my home I was a teenager sitting in the hall Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived inI never felt lucky before You thought it was a museum My fe

41、elings about my home changed after that Ive always wanted to thank you 41 What do we know about Marian McNay? AShe was a painter B She was a community leader C She was a museum director D She was a journalist 42 Why did the author refuse the help from the man in the house? AShe disliked people who w

42、ere nosy B She felt nervous when talking to strangers C She knew more about art than the man D She mistook him for a tour guide 43 How did the author feel about being stared at by the people in the hall? A Puzzled B Concerned CFrightened D Delighted 44 Why did the author describe the real McNay muse

43、um in just a few words? AThe real museum lacked enough artwork to interest her B She was too upset to spend much time at the real museum C The McNay was disappointing compared with the house D The event happening in the house was more significant 45 What could we learn from the last paragraph? A Peo

44、ple should have good taste to enjoy life B People should spend more time with their family C People tend to be blind to the beauty around them D People tend to educate teenagers at a museum 六、（ 2018 年江苏卷） C If you want to disturb the car industry, you d better have a few billion dollars： Mom-and-pop

45、 carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies But in agriculture, small farmers can get the best of the major players By connecting directly with customers, and by responding quickly to changes in the markets as well as in the ecosystems（ 生态系统 ）, small farmers can keep one step ahead of

46、the big guys As the co-founder of the National Young Farmers Coalition （NYFC, 美国 青年农会 ） and a family farmer myself, I have a front-row seat to the innovations among small farmers that are transforming the industry For example, take the Quick Cut Greens Harvester, a tool developed just a couple of ye

47、ars ago by a young farmer, Jonathan Dysinger, in Tennessee, with a small loan from a local Slow Money group It enables small-scale farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per hour a huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by hand suddenly making it possible for the little

48、guys to compete with large farms of California Before the tool came out, small farmers couldn t touch the price per pound offered by California farms But now, with the combination of a better price point and a generally fresher product, they can stay in business The sustainable success of small farm

49、ers, though, won thappen without fundamental changes to the industry One crucial factor is secure access to land Competition from investorsdevelopers, and established large farmers makes owning one s own lantdaiunnaabtle for many new farmers From 2004 to 2013, agricultural land values doubled, and t

50、hey continue to rise in many regions Another challenge for more than a million of the most qualified farm workers and managers is a non-existent path to citizenship the greatest barrier to building a farm of their own With farmers over the age of 65 outnumbering （多于 ） farmers younger than 35 by six

51、to one, and with two-thirds of the nation s farmland in need of a new far,mweer must clear the path for talented people willing to grow the nation s food There are solutions that could light a path toward a more sustainable and fair farm economy, but farmers can t clumsily put them together beforeWu

52、es at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation, as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farms from all backgrounds With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress, co

53、nsumers must take a stand with young farmers 61. The author mentions car industry at the beginning of the passage to introduce _ . A . the progress made in car industry B. a special feature of agriculture C. a trend of development in agriculture D. the importa nee of in vest ing in car in dustry 62.

54、 What does the author want to illustrate with the example in paragraph 2? A . Loa ns to small local farmers are n ecessary . B . Tech no logy is vital for agricultural developme nt C . Competition between small and big farms is fierce . D . Small farmers may gain some adva ntages over big ones . 63

55、. What is the difficulty for those new famers? A . To gain more financial aid . B. To hire good farm managers . C . To have farms of their own . D. To win old farmers support . 64 . What should farmers do for a more susta in able and fair farm economy? A . Seek support beyond NYFC . B. Expand farmla

56、nd conservation . C . Become members of NYFC . D. In vest more to improve tech no logy . 七、（2017年新课标卷I） Some of the world most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day . UNESCO（ United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultura

57、l Organization） recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significanee, and its potential as a unifying（ 联合）voice across cultures . Despite the celebrations, though, in the U . S . the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect wi

58、th younger generations . It Jas on Morans job to help cha nge that . As the Kenn edy Cen ter artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture . Jazz seems like it not really a part of the American appetite, ”

59、Moran tells National Public Radio reporter Neal Conan . What Im hop ing to accomplish is that my gen erati on and youn ger start to recon sider and un dersta nd that jazz is not black and write anymore . It actually color, and it actually digital . ” Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is

60、 that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost “The music can t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958 It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same, ”says Moran Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller s music for a dance par