2022年同等学力申硕英语真题及答案

16. ThetemperaturesaresomewhatlowerthantheaveragetemperatureinMaythisyear.(D) A.very B.rather C.less D.alittle17. Hemustnotallowthisunusualbarriertostophimfromfightingagainsttheenemy.(A) A.obstacle B.interior C.interference D.interruption18. Nextsemester,Susanmusttakethreecompulsorycourses.(C) A.voluntary B.formal C.required D.practical19. Shouldeitherofthesesituationsoccur,wrongcontrolactionsmightbetakenandapotentialaccidentsequenceinitiated.(D) A.installed B.imported C.interviewed D.started20. Nowabouthalfofthewomenwhoworkinsocialwelfarearepart-time,ascomparedto38%intheprivatesector.(B) A.farewell B.guarantee C.wellbeing D.well-off21. Itisnotclearwhethertheincreaseinreportsisstemmedfromgreaterhumanactivityorissimplytheresultofmoresurveys.(C) A.comes B.flows C.originates D.derives22. Thisisthesortofcaseinwhichjudgesmustexercisethearbitrarypowerdescribedamomentago.(A) A.use B.avail C.display D.have23. Recentstudieshaveposedthequestionastowhetherthereisalinkbetweenfilmviolenceandrealviolence.(C) A.poised B.supposed C.raised D.aroused24. Floodshaveunderminedthefoundationoftheancientbridge.(B) A.reached B.weakened C.covered D.spoiled25. Afrequentlycitedexampleoftheendangeredspeciesisthepanda.(C) A.neglected B.worried C.mentioned D.reduced26. Somepsychologistsarguethatthetraditionalidea“sparetherodandspoilthechild”isnotrational.(D) A.kind B.helpful C.effective D.sensible27. Providingfirst-classserviceisoneofthetacticstheairlineadoptstoattractpassengers.(C) A.attitudes B.methods C.solutions D.thoughts28. Beforeyoudecideonavocation,itmightbeagoodideatoconsultafewgoodfriends.(B) A.holiday B.career C.research D.plan29. Thepolicearetryingtogetbackthestolenstatue.(A) A.retrieve B.detain C.detect D.track30. Becauseofadverseweatherconditions,thetravelersstoppedtocamp.(C) A.unfamiliar B.local C.unfavorable D.good31. Theselast22yearshavereallybeenamazing;everypredictionwe’vemadeaboutimprovementshaveall_______.(C) A.comedown B.comeover C.cometrue D.comealong32. Anyonebreakingtheruleswillbeaskedtoleave_______.(A) A.onthespot B.atthespot C.inthespot D.forthespot33. Marysucceededinliving______herextraordinaryreputation.(B) A.up B.upto C.on D.down34. Otherguestsatyesterday’sopening,whichwasbroadcast______bytheradiostation,includedtheGovernorandtheMayor.(A) A.live B.alive C.living D.lively35. Themanagerwastoldwhenhewas______thathiswasapressurejob.(B) A.pointed B.appointed C.disappointed D.assigned36. Herhusbandisinterestedindesigningelectronic_______.(D) A.safety B.management C.routine D.devices37. Gesturesareanimportantmeansto______messages.(B) A.study B.convey C.keep D.exploit38. _____preparationswerebeingmadeforthePrimeMinister’sofficial‘visittothefourforeigncountries.(A) A.Elaborate B.Wise C.Neutral D.Optional39. Thislocaleveningpaperhasa______oftwenty-fivethousand.(D) A.contribution B.number C.celebration D.circulation40. Susanloveschocolatesomuchthatshecanhardlyresistits______.(C) A.brand B.sight C.temptation D.variety41. Onthelocalmarket,_____fruitsandvegetablesarenowcommonlysold.(B) A.enough B.exotic C.famous D.limited42. Afterafewmonths,theimmigrantsbecame______tothenewenvironment.(C) A.sick B.confident C.accustomed D.happy43. Ifyour_____livelypetsbecomepassive,theymightbeill.(D) A.rarely B.traditionally C.continually D.normally44. Speechisthe_____abilitypossessedonlybyhumanbeings.(B) A.average B.unique C.single D.collective45. Johnseldomdrinkscoffeebecausehedoesn’t_____thetaste.(C) A.careabout B.standfor C.carefor D.copewithPassage1Americansusuallyconsiderthemselvesafriendlypeople.Theirfriendships,however,tendtobeshorterandmorecasualthanfriendshipsamongpeoplefromothercultures.ItisnotuncommonforAmericanstohaveonlyoneclosefriendduringtheirlifetime,andconsiderother“friends”tobejustsocialacquaintances.ThisattitudeprobablyhassomethingtodowithAmericanmobilityandthefactthatAmericansdonotliketobedependentonotherpeople.Theytendto“compartmentalize”(划分)friendships,having“friendsatwork”,“friendsonthesoftballteam”,“familyfriends”,etc.BecausetheUnitedStatesisahighlyactivesociety,fullofmovementandchange.peoplealwaysseemtobeonthego.Inthishighlychargedatmosphere.Americanscansometimesseembrusque(无礼旳)orimpatient.Theywanttogettoknowyouasquicklyaspossibleandthenmoveontosomethingelse.Sometimes,earlyon,theywillaskyouquestionsthatyoumayfeelareverypersonal.Noinsultisintended;thequestionsusuallygrowoutoftheirgenuineinterestorcuriosity,andtheirimpatiencetogettotheheartofthematter.Andthesamegoesforyou.IfyoudonotunderstandcertainAmericanbehaviororyouwanttoknowmoreaboutthem,donothesitatetoaskthemquestionsaboutthemselves.Americansareusuallyeagertoexplainallabouttheircountryoranything“American”inwhichyoumaybeinterested.Somuchsoinfactthatyoumaybecometiredoflistening.Itdoesn’tmatter,becauseAmericanstendtobeuncomfortablewithsilenceduringaconversation.Theywouldrathertalkabouttheweatherorthelatestsportsscores,forexample,thandealwithsilence.Ontheotherhand,don’texpectAmericanstobeknowledgeableaboutinternationalgeographyorworldaffairs,unlessthosesubjectsdirectlyinvolvetheUnitedStates.BecausetheUnitedStatesisnotsurroundedbymanyothernations,someAmericanstendtoignoretherestoftheworld.46. Thegeneraltopicofthepassageis______. A.Americansociety B.Americanculture C.Americans’personality D.Americans’activities47. WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage? A.FriendshipsamongAmericanstendtobecasual. B.Americansdonotliketodependonotherpeople. C.Americansalwaysseemtobeonthego. D.Americansknowalotaboutinternationalaffairs.48. Thephrase“highlycharged”(para.2)mostprobablymeans______. A.highlyresponsible B.extremelyfree C.fullofmobilityandchange D.verycheerful49. Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______. A.Americans’characterisaffectedbytheirsocialandgeographicalenvironment B.Americanswanttoparticipateinallkindsofactivities C.curiosityischaracteristicofAmericans D.Americansdonotknowhowtodealwithsilence50. Accordingtothepassage,Americanstendtoignoretherestoftheworldbecause______. A.theyaretooproudofthemselves B.theyarenotinterestedinothercountries C.theyaretoobusytolearnaboutothercountries D.theircountrydoesnothavemanyneighboringnationsKey:C,C,D,C,APassage2Wantaglimpseofthefutureofhealthcare?Takealookatthewaythevariousnetworksofpeopleinvolvedinpatientcarearebeingconnectedtooneanother,andhowthisnewconnectivityisbeingexploitedtodelivermedicinetothepatient—nomatterwhereheorshemaybe.Onlinedoctorsofferingadvicebasedonstandardizedsymptomsarethemostobviousexample.Increasingly,however,remotediagnosis(telemedicine)willbebasedonrealphysiologicaldatafromtheactualpatient.AgroupfromtheUniversityofKentuckyhasshownthatbyusinganoff-the-shelf(现成旳)PDA(personaldataassistance)suchasaPalmPilotplusamobilephone,itisperfectlyfeasibletotransmitapatient’svitalsignsoverthetelephone.Withthiskindofequipmentinafirst-aidkit(急救包)thecryaskingwhethertherewasadoctorinthehousecouldwellbeathingofthepast.Othermedicaltechnologygroupsareworkingonapplyingtelemedicinetoruralcare.AndatleastoneteamwantstousetelemedicineasatoolFordisasterresponse—especiallyafterearthquakes.Overall,thetrendistowardsprovidingglobalaccesstomedicaldataandexpertise.Butthereisoneproblem.Bandwidthisthelimitingfactorfortransmittingcomplexmedicalimagesaroundtheworld—CTscansbeingoneofthebiggestbandwidthconsumers.Communicationssatellitesmaybeabletocopewiththeshort-termneedsduringdisasterssuchasearthquakes,warsorfamines.Butmedicineislookingtowardsboththesecond-generationInternetandthird-generationmobilephonesforthefutureofdistributedmedicalintelligence.Doctorshavemettodiscusscomputer-basedtoolsformedicaldiagnosis,trainingandtelemedicine.Withthefallingpriceofbroadbandcommunications,thenewtechnologiesshouldusherin(迎来)anerawhentelemedicineandthesharingofmedicalinformation,expertopinionanddiagnosisarecommon.51. Thebasisofremotediagnosiswillbe______. A.personaldataassistance B.standardizedsymptomsofapatient C.realphysiologicaldatafromapatient D.transmittedcomplexmedicalimages52. Thesentence“thecryaskingwhethertherewasadoctorinthehousecouldwellbeathingofthepast”means______. A.patientsusedtocryandaskiftherewasadoctorinthehouse B.nowpeopleprobablywouldnotaskifthereisadoctorinthehouse C.patientsarenowstillaskingifthereisadoctorinthehouse D.inthepastpeopleoftencriedandaskediftherewasadoctorinthehouse53. AllthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPTthat______. A.floodisnotamongthedisastersmentionedinthepassage B.itisnowfeasibletotransmitapatient’svitalsignsovertelephone C.telemedicineisbeingusedbymanymedicalteamsasatoolfordisasterresponse D.thetrendinapplyingtelemedicineistowardprovidingglobalaccesstomedicaldata54. Theword“problem”inthefourthparagraphreferstothefactthat______. A.CTscansareoneofthebiggestbandwidthconsumers B.therearenotenoughmobilephonesfordistributingmedicalintelligence C.communicationssatellitescanonlycopewiththeshort-termneedsduringdisasters D.bandwidthisnotadequatetotransmitcomplexmedicalimagesaroundtheworld55. Apropertitleforthepassagemaybe______. A.TheOnlineDoctorIsIn B.ImprovementinCommunications C.HowtoMakeRemoteDiagnosis D.ApplicationofTelemedicinePassage3PicturesintheBritishpapersthisweekofPrinceWilliam,PrinceCharles’s18-year-oldson,cleaningtoiletsoverseas,haveledtoasurgeofaltruism(利他主义).RaleighInternational,thecharitythatorganizedhistrip,hasseeninquiriesaboutvoluntaryworkabroadriseby30%.ButtheimageofidealisticyouththatWilliampresentsnolongerreflectstherealityofthevolunteerforce.It’sgettingolderandolder.VoluntaryServiceOverseas(VSO)hasabout2,000volunteersinthefieldaroundtheworld.Afteradipininterestinthemid-1990s,applicationstoworkabroadareatrecordlevels.Lastyear7,645peoplesubmittedapplications,and920successfullynegotiatedtheVSOselectionprocessandweresentabroad.Whentheorganizationwasfoundedin1959,theaveragevolunteerwasinhisearly20s.Now,theaverageageis35,andsettorisefurther.Partly,thatisbecausetherearemoreolderpeoplewhowanttodoVSO.Morepeopletakeearlyretirement;more,saysthechiefexecutiveofVSO,“stillfeelthattheyhavemoretogiveandareingoodhealth”.AndthedemandsoftheAfricanandAsiancountrieswheremostofthevolunteersgoarechanging,too.Theireducationalstandardshaverisenoverthepastcoupleofdecades,sotheywantpeoplewithmorequalifications,skillsandexperience.BESO(BritishExecutiveServiceOverseas)recruitsexecutivesandbusinessmenwithatleast15years’experienceforshort-termcontractworkoverseas.Itorganizes500placements(工作安顿)ayear,andatthemomentsupplyissurpassingdemand.ABESOspokesmansaidthattheorganizationis‘limitedbyfundingratherthanalackofvolunteers.”Enthusiasticbutunqualifiedstudentsdonotimpressasmuchastheyoncedidalongsideaccountants,managersanddoctors.Thetypicalvolunteer,thesedays,hasbeeninfull-timeemploymentforatleastfiveyearsandishighlyqualified.Andtheprofessionwhichprovidesthebiggestportionofvolunteersiseducation—headmastersandschoolinspectorsaswellasclassroomteachers.56. Accordingtothepassage,thevolunteers______. A.arebecomingfewer B.aregettingolderandolder C.aremostlystudents D.areinexperiencedandunqualified57. AllthestatementsaretrueaboutPrinceWilliamEXCEPTthat______. A.histripwasorganizedbyagovernmentinstitution B.histriphastriggeredasurgeofaltruism C.heisnotarepresentativevolunteerinage D.hepresentstheimageofidealisticyouth58. Fromthesecondparagraphwecanknowthat______. A.theaveragevolunteerisnotmucholdernowthanfortyyearsago B.thenumberofapplicationstoworkabroaddeclinedinthemid-1990s C.thereweremoreapplicationstoworkabroadintheearly1990sthaninthelate1990s D.ofthosewhohavesubmittedapplicationsamajorityhavebeenchosenandsentabroad59. TherearemoreolderpeoplewhowanttodoVSObecause______. I. morepeopletakeearlyretirement II. moreolderpeoplefeeltheyareingoodhealth III. theforeigncountrieswherethevolunteersgowantpeoplewithmorequalifications,skillsandexperience A.Ionly B.IIonly C.IandII D.I,IIandIII60. Accordingtothelastparagraph,thetypicalvolunteermaybe_____. A.ahighlyqualifiedheadmasterorteacher B.anenthusiasticbutunqualifiedyoungstudent C.awell-experiencedaccountant,manager,ordoctor D.anexecutiveorbusinessmanwithatleast15years’experienceKey:B,A,B,D,APassage4Withonlyabout1,000pandasleftintheworld,Chinaisdesperatelytryingtoclonetheanimalandsavetheendangeredspecies.That’samovesimilartowhataTexasA&MUniversityresearcherhasbeenundertakingforthepastfiveyearsinaprojectcalled“Noah’sArk”Dr.DuaneKraemer,aprofessorinTexasA&M’sCollegeofVeterinaryMedicineandapioneerinembryo(胚胎)transferworkandrelatedprocedures,sayshesalutestheChineseeffortand“Iwishthemallthebestsuccesspossible.It’saworthwhileproject,certainlynotaneasyone,andit’sverymuchlikewhatwe’reattemptinghereatTexasA&M—tosaveanimalsfromextinction.”Noah’sArkisaimedatcollectingeggs,embryos,semen(精子)andDNAofendangeredanimalsandstoringtheminliquidnitrogen.Ifcertainspeciesshouldbecomeextinct,Kraemersaystherewouldbeenoughofthebasicbuildingblockstoreintroducethespeciesinthefuture.Itisestimatedthatasmanyas2,000speciesofmammals,birdsandreptileswillbecomeextinctoverthenext100years.Thepanda,nativeonlytoChina,isindangerofbecomingextinctinthenext25years.Thisweek,ChinesescientistssaidtheygrewanembryobyintroducingcellsfromadeadFemalepandaintotheeggcellsofaJapanesewhiterabbit.Theyarenowtryingtoimplanttheembryointoahostanimal.TheentireprocedurecouldtakefromthreetoFiveyearstocomplete.“Thenucleartransferofonespeciestoanotherisnoteasy,andthelackofavailablepandaeggscouldbeamajorproblem,”Kraemerbelieves.“Theywillprobablyhavetodoseveralhundredtransferstoresultinonepregnancy.Ittakesalongtimeandit’sdifficult,butthiscouldbegroundbreakingscienceifitworks.Theyarecertainlynotputtinganylivepandasatrisk,soitisworththeeffort,”addsKraemer,whoisoneoftheleadersoftheMissyplicityProjectatTexasA&M,thefirst-everattemptatcloningadog.“Theyaretryingtodosomethingthat’sneverbeendone,andthisisverysimilartoourworkinNoah’sArk.We’rebothtryingtosaveanimalsthatfaceextinction.Icertainlyapplaudtheireffortandthere’salotwecanlearnfromwhattheyareattemptingtodo.It’saresearchthatisverymuchneeded.”61. Theaimof“Noah’sArk”projectisto______. A.implantembryointoahostanimal B.salutetheChineseeffortsinsavingpandas C.saveendangeredanimalsfromextinction D.introducecellsfromadeadfemalepandaintotheeggcellsofaJapanesewhiterabbit62. HowlongwilltheChinesepanda-cloningprojecttakeaccordingtothepassage? A.1year. B.3to5years. C.2years. D.25years.63. Theword“groundbreaking”(para.7)canbeinterpretedas______. A.essentiallynew B.pioneering C.evolutionary D.epoch-making64. WhatcouldbethemajorproblemincloningpandasaccordingtoProfessorKraemer? A.Lackofavailablepandaeggs. B.Lackofhostanimals. C.Lackofqualifiedresearchers. D.Lackoffunds.65. Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe______.China—theNativePlaceofPandasForever B.China’sEffortstoClonePandas C.China’sFirstClonedPanda D.ExploringthePossibilitytoClonePandasKey:C,D,A,B,BPassage5Ifthereisonethingscientistshatetohear.itisthatthegameisover.Raisedonthebeliefofanendlessvoyageofdiscovery,theyrecoil(畏缩)fromthesuggestionthatmostofthebestthingshavealreadybeenlocated.Iftheyhave,today’sscientistscanhopetocontributenomorethanafewgracenotestothesymphonyofscience.AbooktobepublishedinBritainthisweek,TheEndofScience,arguespersuasivelythatthisisthecase.Itsauthor,JohnHorgan,isaseniorwriterforScientificAmericanmagazine,whohasinterviewedmanyoftoday’sleadingscientistsandsciencephilosophers.Theshockofrealizingthatsciencemightbeovercametohim,hesays,whenhewastalkingtoOxfordmathematicianandphysicistSirRogerPenrose.TheEndofScienceprovokedawaveofdenunciation(训斥)intheUnitedStateslastyear.“Thereactionhasbeenoneofcompleteshockanddisbelief,”Mr.Horgansays.Therealquestioniswhetheranyremainingunsolvedproblems,ofwhichthereareplenty,lendthemselvestouniversalsolutions.Iftheydonot,thenthefocusofscientificdiscoveryisalreadynarrowing.Sincethetriumphsofthe1960s—thegeneticcode,platetectonics(板块构造说),andthemicrowavebackgroundradiationthatwentalongwaytowardsprovingtheBigBang―genuinescientificrevolutionshavebeenscarce.Morescientistsarenowalive,spendingmoremoneyonresearch,thanever.Yetmostofthegreatdiscoveriesofthe19thand20thcenturiesweremadebeforetheappearanceofstateSponsorship,whenthescientificenterprisewasafractionofitspresentsize.Werethescientistswhomadethesediscoveriesbrighterthantoday’s?Thatseemsunlikely.Afarmorereasonableexplanationisthatfundamentalsciencehasalreadyenteredaperiodofdiminishedreturns.“Look,don’tgetmewrong,”saysMr.Horgan.“Therearelotsofimportantthingsstilltostudy,andappliedscienceandengineeringcangoonforever.Ihopewegetacureforcancer,andformentaldiseasethoughtherearefewrealsignsofprogress.”66. Thesentence“mostofthebestthingshavealreadybeenlocated”couldmean______. A.mostofthebestthingsremaintobechanged B.mostofthebestthingshavealreadybeenchanged C.mostsecretsoftheworldhavealreadybeendiscovered D.therehaveneverbeensomanybestthingswaitingtobediscovered67. JohnHorgan______. I. haspublishedabookentitledTheEndofScience II. hasbeenworkingasaneditorofScientificAmerican Ill. hasbeenworkingmanyyearsasaliterarycritic IV. isworkingasasciencewriter A.Ionly B.IandII C.I,IIandIV D.IandIV68.Therehavenotbeenmanygenuinescientificrevolutionsinthepastfewdecadesbecause______. A.therearetoomanyimportantthingsforscientiststostudy B.therehavebeendecreasedreturnsintheresearchoffundamentalscience C.today’sscientistsarenotasintelligentasthoseinthepast D.appliedscienceandengineeringtakeuptoomuchtimeandenergy69. Theterm“theBigBang”probablyrefersto______. A.ageologicaltheory B.thegeneticcodetheory C.theoriginandthepowerofatomicenergy D.atheoryoftheoriginoftheuniverse70. Thebesttitleofthispassagecanbe______. A.TheHarshChallengeHastoBeMetbyModernScientists B.GreatScientificDiscoveriesWillNeverBePossible C.TheChanceforGreatScientificDiscoveriesBecomesScarce D.TheStateSponsorshipandScientificEnterpriseAreAllinVainClozeThereisvirtuallynolimittohowonecanservecommunityinterests,fromspendingafewhoursaweekwithsomecharitableorganizationtopracticallyFull-timeworkForasocialagency.JustasthereareopportunitiesForvoluntaryservice71(VSO)foryoungpeoplebeforetheytakeupFull-timeemployment,72thereareopportunitiesforoverseasserviceFor73techniciansindevelopingcountries.Somepeople,74thosewhoretireearly,75theirtechnicalandbusinessskillsincountries76thereisaspecialneed.Soinconsideringvoluntaryor77communityservicetherearemoreopportunitiesthanthere78werewhenonefirstbeganwork.Mostvoluntaryorganizationshaveonlyasmallfull-time79,anddependverymuchonvolunteersandpart-timers.Thismeansthatworkingrelationshipsaredifferentfromthoseincommercialor