2020届上海市松江区高三英语二模

12/26(B)Here'sthebadnews:Menarehurting,and,accordingtomanyresearchers.masculinity男子气)iswhatishurtingthemandmakingithardforthemtomaintainfriendships.Societytellsmentohidetheirfeelingsandexpectsthemtobeaggressisomanymenlosetheirfriendshiwphengrowingup.Thegoodnewsisthatthoseskillscanberecovered!Therearealotofexpertswhocanhelp.andhere'swhattheyrecommend:Acceptyourowndesireandnormalizeitforthepeopleinyourlife.Way,anexpertrecommendssharingarticleasboutmasculinitayndfriendshispothatyoucanstarttheseconversations!Concentrateonthemanddon'tforgetyouhavetheentireInterneatyourfingertips,friend!ModelvulnerabilitSya.ythethingthatfrightenosrworriesyou.like“I'mafraidnobodywillgotomyparty,”miosrs“mIygrandmaeverdyay.”Doinsgowillmakeiteasierforotherpeopletofollowyourlead.Weareallontheelevatortoasocietywhereemotionalavailabilityisnormalized,andIwantyoutoopepnr”es.s“doorAskmorequestions.Peoplseometimesfeeltheymightbeprying爱(打听的)iftheyasksomeoneaboutthemselves-especiallywhentheirfriendissharingsomethingtough.ButifyougetcuriousinmomentsofvulnerabilityyouwillopenthedoortoakindsofgrowthinyourrelationshiTpa.ketheopportunitytoreallyseeyourfriendandshowthemtheymatterbyfollowingup.GetclosewiththechildreninyourlifeW.ay'sresearchsaysthatthetopprioritythathelpschildren(especiallbyoys)growuptohaveenrichingfriendshipisstobeclosewithanadultrelativewhowasnotafraidtoexpressemotions.So.ifyouareafather.stepfather.orthinkingaboutbecomingone.orifyouhaveniecesornephews,taketheopportunitytobeclosetothemandhelpthemgrowuptobegoodfriends,toWhatisthecommonconceptofbeingaman?Tohavenofriendsatall.Tomaintainfriendships.Nottoshowtruefeelings.Nottohurtothersaggressively.WhichisNOTrecommendedaccordingtothepassage?Amanshouldshowhisvulnerabilityinfrontofhisfellows.Amanshouldacceptandnormalizepeople'sdesireinhislife.Amanshouldtaketheopportunitytobeclosetochildrelatives.Amanshouldshowhisfriendstheymatterbyaskingquestions.Whatmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?WaystoHelpMenHaveFriendship.HowtoExpressTrueFeelings.WaystoBecomeaTrueMan.HowtoBeBravetoHaveFriends.(C)Nostudentofaforeignlanguageneedstobetoldthatgrammariscomplex.Bychangingtheorderofthewordsandbyaddingarangeofauxiliaryverbs（助动词）,weareabletocommunicatevariationsinmeaning.Wecanturnastatementintoaquestion,statewhetheranactionhastakenplaceorissoontotakeplace,andperformotherwordtrickstoconveydelicatedifferencesinmeaning.Besides.grammarisuniversalandplaysapartineverylanguage.nomatterhowwidespreaditis.Sothequestionwhichhasconfusedmanylinguistsis:whocreatedgrammar?Atfirst,thisquestionwouldappearimpossibletoanswer.Tofindouthowgrammariscreated.someoneneedstobepresentatthetimeofalanguage'screation,documentingitsemergence.Somelinguistsareabletotracemoderncomplexlanguagesbacktoearlierlanguages,buttoknowtheformingofcomplexlanguages,theresearcherneedstoobservehowlanguagesarestartedfromseratchAmazingly,however,thisispossible.SomerecentlanguagesevolvedduetotheAtlanticslavetrade.Atthattime.slavesfromdifferentnationswereforcedtoworktogether.Sincetheycouldnotlearneachother'slanguages.theydevelopedapidgin.Pidginsarestringsofwordscopiedfromthelanguageofthelandowners.Littlegrammarisfoundinthem.andinmanycasesitisdifficultoralistenertoinferwhenaneventhappened,andwhodidwhattowhom.Speakersneedtousecircumlocution（迁回曲折的说法）inordertomakethemselvesunderstood.Interestingly.however,allittakesforapidgintobecomeacomplexlanguageisforagroupofchildrentobeexposedtoit.Slavechildrendidnotsimplycopywordsfromtheirelders,theyadaptedthemtocreatealanguage.Itincludednewwordordersandgrammaticalmarkers.Complexgrammarsystemsmergingfrompidginsaretermedcreoles,whichareinventedbychildren.Somelinguistsbelievethatmanyoftheworld'smostestablishedlanguageswerecreolesatfirst.The-edendinginEnglishpasttensemayhaveevolvedfrom“did”,“Itended”,whichwasfirstusedbykids,mayoncehavebeen“Itend-did”.Therefore.itwouldappearthateventhemostwidespreadlanguageswerepartlycreatedbychildren.Childrenappeartohavebeenbornwithgrammaticalmachineryintheirbrains.whichcanservetocreatelogical,complexstructures,evenwhenthereisnogrammarpresentforthemtocopy.Whatdoesparagraph1mainlytellus?Languagelearnersknowthatgrammarisofcomplexity.Onecaldoalotwithhisgoodcommandofgrammar.Grammarisbothcomplexanduniversalinlanguages.DLinguistsfaceaquestionincreatingconfusinggrammarsTheunderlinedexpression“fromscratch”inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningtofromtheverybeginninginancientculturesbycopyingsomethingelsebyusingwritteninformationWhatcanbeinferredabouttheslaves'pidginlanguage?Itcontainedacomplexgrammarsystem.Itwasfirstcreatedbytheslaves'landowners.Itwasbasedonalotofdifferentlanguages.Itwasdifficulttounderstand,evenamongslaves.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthelastparagraph?A.TheEnglishpasttensesystemisinaccurate.8.Englishwasprobablyonceakindofcreole.LinguistshaveproventhatEnglishwascreatedbychildren.ChildrenuseEnglishpasttensesdifferentlyfromadults.SectionCDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesinthebox.Eachsentencecanonlybeusedonce.Notethattherearetwosentencesmorethanyouneed.Thiscouldadddesirednutrientstothesoilthankstotherichvarietyofcrops.Overcenturies,thegrowthofagriculturecontributedtotheriseofcivilizations.Inexperimentswithpeaplants,helearnedhowtraitswerepassedfromonegenerationtoanother.DInthe1830sCyrusMcCormick'sharvestingmachinehelpedmodernizethegraincuttingprocess.Thishelpedtoproduceextrafoodtotradeforothergoodsandallowedpeopletoworkatothertasks.NewagriculturalinventionsdramaticallyincreasedfoodproductioninEuropeandEuropeancolonies.Aperiodofimportantagriculturaldevelopmentbeganintheearly1700sinGreatBritainandtheLowCountries(Belgium,Luxembourg.andtheNetherlands,whichliebelowsealevel).(67)Oneofthemostimportantofthesedevelopmentswasanimprovedhorse-drawnseeddrillinventedbyJethroTullinEngland.Untilthattime.farmerssowedseedsbyhand.Tull'sdrillmaderowsofholesfortheseeds.Bytheendofthe18thcentury,seeddrillingwaswidelypracticedinEurope.ManyothermachinesweredevelopedintheUnitedStates.(68)Ataboutthesametime.JohnandHiramPittsintroducedahorse-poweredthresher(脱粒机)thatshortenedtheprocessofseparatinggrainandseedfromstraw.JohnDeere'ssteelplow(犁),introducedin1837,madeitpossibletoworkthetoughsoilwithmuchlesshorsepower.Alongwithnewmachines.therewereseveralimportantadvancesinselectivefarming.Byselectivelybreedinganimals(breedingthosewithdesirabletraits),farmersincreasedthesizeandproductivityoftheirlivestock.Plantscouldalsobeselectivelybredforcertainqualities.In1866,GregorMendel'sstudiesinheredity(遗传)werepublishedinAustria.(69)Hisworkpavedthewayforimprovingcropsthroughgenetics.Newcropplantingmethodsalsoevolvedduringthistime.ManyofthesewereadoptedoverthenextcenturyorsothroughoutEurope.Forexample.theNorfolkfour-fieldsystem,developedinEvedquitesuccessful.Itinvolvedtheyearlyrotation(轮作)ofseveralcrops,includingwheat,turnips,barley,clover,andryegrass.(70)Moreover,thismethodenabledfarmerstogrowenoughtosellsomeoftheirharvestwithouthavingtoleaveanylandunplanted.Notallpartsoftheworldbenefitedfromthesedevelopmentsinstantly.however.FarmersinotherpartssuchasAustraliaandAfricacontinuedtouseoldwaysofagricultureforalongtime.IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Now,itmayseemstrangetolearnfromsomeonewhowritesaboutprettydresseseveryday,but:youdon'thavetobeprettyandyoudon'thavetosparenoefforttobeprettyjusttopleaseothers.Youdon'thavetofeelbotheredforyourplainlookingthatmakesyouunnoticed.Afterall,everyoneofus,whethercharmingornot,isadropintheoceanandyoudon'toweprettinesstoanyone.Admittedly,I'mnotsayingthatyoushouldn'tbeprettyifyouwantto.Beingprettyispleasant,fun,refreshingandsatisfying.makingpeoplefeeldelightedandsmileatyouunconsciously.Butintermsofimportance,prettinessstandsseveralstepsdownfromhappiness,iswaybelowhealth,andifdoneasanobligation,canbefarawayfromindependence.Butwhatdoesyou-don't-have-to-be-prettymeanineverydayterms?Itmeansyoudon'thavetoblameyourparentsfornotgivingyoutheworld-desiredappearanceandthatyoudon'thavetoapologizeforwearingthingsthatarcheldtobe"unflattering"or"unfashionable"-especiallyif,infact,theymakeyouhappyonsomeleveldeeperthanjustbeingprettydoes.Aslongasyouareclean,coveredenough,andhavebandagedanyopenwounds.youcanwearanycolororstyleyouplease,holdingyourheadshigh.ifitmakesyouhappy.Prettiness,it'ssadtosay,canhaveashelflife.It'ssotiedupwithyouththat,atsomepoint(ifyou'relucky),you'regoingtohavetograduatefromprettiness,sometimesbeforeyouknowit.Butyouwon'tevengetthereifyouthinkyouhavetofollowallthesignsthatsay"thiswaytoprettiness".Yougettherebytravellingtherouteyoufindmostinteresting.V.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.72•她感觉太无聊了，于是把这本杂志从头到尾看了一遍。(So..)没有良好的信用记录，你将无法从银行获取贷款。(qualify)每周六早晨,我们都雷打不动地去郊区远足，以增通体质,磨练意志,。(arule)全国上下团结一心，科学家们夜以继日地研制药品，相信战胜灾难的日子近在咫尺。(before)VI.GuidedWritingDirections:WriteaEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.你是李明,你在读高一的表弟张丰依旧在进行居家学习。他在学习时容易分心，总是忍不住打网络游戏或看网络小说，于是发电子邮件向你求助，请你结合自己的经验回复他一封电子邮件，谈谈你是如何集中精力开展居家学习(homeschoolyourselfduringtheCOVID-19outbreak)的。听力文本W:Thebroadcastsaysthere'sgoingtobeathunderstormtoday.M:Idon'tbelieveit,Look,thesunisout.Q:Whataretheydiscussing?M:Congratulations.YoucertainlydidquitewellandImustsayyoudeservethatgrade.W:Well.Ireallystudiedhardforthatexam.I'vebeenpreparingforitformorethanamonthNow,Icanrelaxforawhile.Q:Whywasthewomansohappy?W:Raiseyourheadalittlebitandsmilealittle.Youlookwonderfulposinglikethat.M:Waitaminute,Letmeputonacowboyhat.Q:Whatarethespeakersdoing?M:Mary.haveyouheardwhowonthesoccermatch?W:ImisseditandIhaven'thadenoughtimetoreadanewspaper.Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?W:HowlongwillittakeyoutofixtheTVM:I'llcallyouwhenit'sready.Q:Wheredoesthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace?W:IfLisadoesn'treturnmycarin15minutestime.I'mafraidI'llbelateforthebaseballgame.M:Wouldyoulikemetogetataxiforyou?D:Whatdidthemanoffertodo?M:Now,youappliedforthejobasasecretary.Whydoyouchooseourcompany?W:Well,first,yourcompanyenjoysagoodreputationandIhopeIcanimprovemyabilityineveryaspect.D:What'stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?M:Readanythinginterestinglately?W:Nothingyouwouldlike.O:Whatdoesthewomanmean?M:Ihearyoudrivealongwaytoworkeveryday.W:Oh.yes.It'sabout60miles.Butitdoesn'tseemthatfar,theroadisnotbadandthere'snotmuchtraffic.O:Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutdrivingtowork?M:Ithinkthishistorycourseisinteresting.butit'sverydifficult.I'llnevergetthroughthereadinglistW:Don'tworry.You'llfindthetimesomehow.Q:Whyisthemanworried?11-13CountyfairsareatraditioninNewEnglandtowns.Theyoffergreatentertainment.Onepopulareventisthepie-eatingcontest.Ifyouwanttotakepartinthecontest,itisagoodideatoremembertheseguidelines:First.makesureyourstomachisnearlyemptyoffood.Eatingawholepiecanbehardifyouhavejustfinishedameal.Next,itishelpfultolikethepieyouaregoingtocat.Thecreamtypesareagoodchoice.Theyslidedownthethroatmoreeasily.Placingyourhandsintherightpositionaddstothechancesofwinning.Thereisatemptationtoreachoutandhelptheeatingprocess.ThiswillresultinbecomingdisqualifiedDon'tjustsitonyourhandsIfyourhandsaretiedbehindyourbackyouwillnotbetemptedtomakeuseofthem.Nowyouarereadstoshowyourtalentateatingpies.Theobject.ofcourseistogettothebottomofthepieplatebeforetheotherpeople.Itisusuallybettertostartattheoutsideandworktowardthemiddle.Thismethodgivesyouagoaltofocuson.Trynottonoticewhattheotherpeoplenearyouaredoing.Letthecheersfromthecrowdspuryouon.Butdonotlookup.Allyoushouldthinkaboutiseatingthatpie.Questions:Whatshouldapersondobeforeenteringapie-eatingcontest?Whereisthepersonadvisedtoputhishandsduringthecontest?Whatsuggestionisofferedforeatingupthepiequickly?14-16Oneofthegreatjoysofgardeningistoshareagardenwithbirds.AndithasbecomemoreandmorepopularinBritain.Afewmethodscanhelptoattractbirdstoagarden.Allbirdsdependonplantsforshelterandfood.Soasageneralrule.themoreplantsintheyard,themorebirdswillcome.Theycanturntotheseplantswhentheyneedsleepandtheycanplaybetweenplants.Andrememberthatdifferentbirdsneeddifferentplants.Therefore.weshouldtrytoplantavarietyofplantsinourgardeninordertoinvitebirds.Birdseatseed.fruitorinsects.SothegardenwithsuchfoodiswelcomedbythebirdsBesides.anothersurewaytoattractbirdstoagardenistoprovidewater.Thebestwayistoputwateronthegroundintheopen.Mostbirdslovetobatheanddrinkatthislevel.However,alwaysremembertheyareverynervousallthetime.Therefore.whentheyaredrinkingthewaterontheground.youshouldkeepadistancefromthem.ortheywillnevercomeandvisitagain.Questions:Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?Whatarethethreegeneralwaystoattractbirds?Whatarepeopleencouragedtodowhenbirdsaredrinkingwaterintheyard?17-20M:Youlikelivinginthecity.don'tyou?W:Oh.Iloveit.It'ssoconvenient.Icantakethebustowork.orthesubway.orthetaxi.Andthereissomuchtodo.M:Iknowwhatyoumean.I'dliketoliveinthecity.buttoliveinthesuburbsisbetterforchildren.W:Well,therearealotofthingsaboutsuburbanliving.But,asaworkingwoman.Ithinkacityhasalltheconveniences,includingthebestfoodandfastestnewsM:Buttherearemoretrees.grassandfreshairinthesuburbs.W:Yeah,butlivinginthecity.it'sconvenienttogoeverywhere.Therearelotsofmoviehouses.theatersandsoon.Youcantakethemtothesuburbsontheweekends.M:Yeah,childrenaretherightage.Therearelotsofthingsforthemhere.W:Youareright.TheyareatthelibraryinBrooklyn.Andtheycomebackhomeforlunch,thengouptowntotheMuseumofNaturalHistory.Thereissomuchforyoungpeopletoseeanddo.M:Notjustforyoungpeople.Whataboutme?I'veneverbeentotheMuseumofNaturalHistoryW:NeitherIhaveI.WhenIwasachild.IusedtogototheMuseumofArt.M:I'vebeenthereseveraltimes,twicewithchildren.W:Well.Ihaveanidea.Nextweeken