48个国际音标讲解文档

4 8个国际音标课程讲义元音和辅音的定义：发音时声带振动，呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍，这样形成的语音称为元音。不论声带振动与否，发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍，这样形成的语音称为辅音。发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音。发音声带振动的辅音称为浊辅音一,元音1、/i：//i//7//e/（1）/i：/长元音嘴唇微微张开，舌尖抵下齿，嘴角向两边张开，流出微笑的表情与字母e的发音相同.发这个音的字母组合有eeaeee：mebesheheweeveningee:sweetbeesweepsheepseesleepthreegreenea:meatleafseapeateacheatclean绕口令练习： theteacherrepeatedthespeechtopleasethepeople.Icanseethesea,thedeepgreensea（2）/i/短元音，嘴唇微微张开，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部抬高，嘴型扁平。中间放一个小指尖，这个音是顺口即来的啊哈。字母和字母组合IeyeyayPigfishlorryhappymoneychin绕口令练习：whydoesLilygooutwithJimandnothim?IfIassistasister-assistant,willthesister’ssister-assistantassistme?（3）梅花音/?/嘴型比较怪异，嘴巴要长大，尽量拉向两边，既要大又要呈扁平形，舌尖抵下齿。听起来向鸭子叫。很干。dadflaghandrabbitantcapapplefamily绕口令练习：apple,apple,apple.AnappleisgoodafteranapCanyoucanacanasacannercancanacan⑷短原因/e/唇形扁平，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍微隆起，张嘴即来，跟打招呼“哎”的声音相似aeaiueeaie等字母和字母组合发该音Eggbellbreadsaidheaddeskelephant绕口令练习：myhenlikestolaytenfresheggseveryday.Let’sgettogetherwhentheweatherisbetter.2、中元音/?：/,/?/,/?/（1）长元音/?:/三部曲嘴型扁平，上下齿微微张开，舌身放平，舌中部微微抬起。稍微紧张一点发这个音的字母组合有erirorurearourHergirlskirtbirdpursenursepearl绕口令练习：whereisthepearl?Thenurseputherpearlinhernurse.Theearlybirdscatchestheworm来源于网络（2）短元音/?/嘴唇微微张开，舌头自然放松，舌中部微微隆起aeIouareroroure等字母容易发/?/Picturecamerateacherdoctorsugarpanda绕口令练习：mymotherandmysisterlikethenewshoppingcenterReadersaresupposedtokeepsilentinthelibrary.（3）短元音/?/嘴唇微微张开，伸向两边，舌尖轻触下齿，舌后部稍微抬起。张开两指高度。Ouooou等字母和字母组合发该音bussunsongumjumpnutumbrellabutterflymushroom绕口令练习：Fatherandsonhavefun,flyingtheirkiteinthesun3■后元音/。:/，/?:/,/?/,/u:/,/?/（1）长元音/a:/口腔打开，嘴长大，舌身自然放松，下巴收低，舌头不要抵下齿，在感叹祖国大好河山〃啊〃一样，下巴稍微收低。字母aaralauear等通常发该音。Carstarlaughauntpalmheartgrassplantshark绕口令练习：noparkinghere,noparkinghere,ourgameofdartsisstarting.BarbaraandChar，lesaredancinginalargegarden.（2）长元音/?:/双唇收的小而圆，向前突出，舌身往后缩。常见aauawaralororeoorouour等组合会发这个音ballwallwaterhorsedoorcorn绕口令练习:basketball,basketball,PaulplaysbasketballShethoughtsheoughttotakeawalkbeforefouro’clock（3）短元音/?/口腔打开，嘴巴张大，舌头向后缩，嘴唇稍微的收圆foxcoffeewatchdogshopmop绕口令练习：mymomlikestoshop,sheshopsuntilshestopsLotsandlotsofclocksandwatchesareonsaleintheshops（4）长元音/u:/嘴型小而圆，微微的外凸，舌头尽量后缩。喉咙有点紧张感，想想火车响的时候"呜呜”的声音。常见ouoooeouewFlutefruitfoodshoesmoonjuice绕口令：Cool,cool,cool，youlooksocoolThenewsistoogoodtobetrue（5）短元音/?/嘴唇张开，略向前凸出，嘴型收圆，放松点，不要紧张，嘴巴的形状会影响发音的效果。Ouoooul等字母发该音。Wolfwoodbullbulletbookcookgood绕口令练习：cook!Cook!Whereisthecookbook?PleasetakealookGoodcookiescouldbecookedbyagoodcookifagoodcookcouldcookgoodcookies.4、双元音/8?/,/a?/,/??/,/??/,/a?/,/??/,/e?/,/??/（1）/ei/半开到合，A的发音。由e向i过度，字母aaiayeyeiea等字母或字母组合发这个音Cakegateraintrainmaytraypotatosteaktomato绕口令练习：Rain,rain,rain,it’sarainydayTheysaytharaincameeveryeightdaysinMay来源于网络（2）/??/嘴巴由圆到扁,oioy等字母组合经常发该音Oilcoinboysoy（酱油黄豆）poisonboiloyster（牡蛎）toy绕口令练习：theboywasannoyedbecausehistoywasdestroyed.Boysandgirlslikenewtoys,theywillbringmanyjoys.（3）/a?/口型由大到小，ouow等字母组合经常发该音Housemouseflowercowblousebowowl绕口令练习：Igotacattochasethemouse,nowIhear‘meow,meow’aroundthehouse.Brownwasproudofhishouse,whichfacedthesouthofthecountry.（4）/??/与字母o发音是一样，ooaouow等发该音noseroseboatsnowbowloldroach（蟑螂）notebook绕口令练习：Roselikesice-creaminacone,butneverwhenshe’shomealone/??/eaeoeareerier等经常发该音Teareartheaterdeerbeerhear绕口令练习：Tomhasonebadear,youmustspeakloudandclear.Iseeclearlyanideastruckhimandthrewhimintogreatfear.（5）/e?/一样是先舌尖抵下齿，airareearereeir常发该音hairstairsquareglarepearchairairportbear绕口令练习：Bewareofthehareintheyard.Hestaresandglaresveryhard.Marystarescarefullyatthehairybear（6）/??/由收圆到半开，uroorourure等都发该音Tourgourd（葫芦）poorEuropepureFebruary绕口令练习：tour,tour,tour,IlovetoursofEuropeanplacesThepoormanwasassuredthathischildcouldbecured/a?/口型由开到合，与字母I发音相同，发这个音的字母和字母组合iyieuybycryflymyskytrywhytiepieeyespiderchild绕口令练习：timeandtimeagainItriedtoholdbackmysadfeeling二：辅音辅音不能独立自主成音，所以只能配合别人。1、 爆破音/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/（1）清辅音/p/双唇紧闭，然后快速张开，让气流冲出口腔，发出爆破音，但声带不振动。pianoparrotpetshipsheeppigstopapplehappy绕口令练习：pony,pony,pony,Pollywantsapony.Doyouwantpepperorpaper?Whichischeaper?Iwantpepper,notpaper,ifpepperischeaperthanpaper.（2）浊辅音/b/双唇紧闭，然后快速张开，让气，流冲出口腔，发出爆破音，声带振动。bookballbirdbigboybagbananacabbagebookballbirdbigboyba绕口令练习：babybirds,babybirds,lookatthebabybirdsonthebeach.Billwasbeatenblackandbluebyabadboywithabagonhisback来源于网络（3）/t/舌尖抵住上齿龈，然后憋住气，突然弹开舌尖，让气流从口腔喷出来，声带不振动，发音短促有力。tableteataxicatratfatticketbuttermatter绕口令练习：Timmy’scatiskeepingfit,butshelikestochasefatratsHetookhisticketfromhispocketandpassedittotheticket-collector.（4）/d/舌尖抵住上齿龈，然后憋住气，突然弹开舌尖，让气流从口腔喷出来，声带振动，发音短促有力。duckseeddoordeskdayredheadbedreadcold绕口令练习：Let’sdance,Mr.Donald,MissDaisyisdancingonthedesk.Theladyinredwasbeatingthemaddogtodeathfromdawntilldusk.（5）/K/舌后部抵住软腭，憋住气，然后突然离开，将气送出来，像咳嗽一样，声带不振动。capcookcupcarcanclasscookmilkkeydeskkitecakeclocksockcockneck绕口令练习：Kellyhasacutecat,shecallsitKammyKoo（6）/g/舌后部抵住软腭，憋住气，然后突然离开，将气送出来，像咳嗽一样，声带不振动。绕口令练习：glassgolfgetgirlbaggoatflageggThegardenwithgrassisnogoodforguests摩擦音：/f/,/v/,/s///z///9"6/,/h/,/r/,/〃,/3/,/t?/,/d3/,/tr/,/dr/,/ts/,/dz/（1）/f/上齿轻轻的接触下唇，然后吹气，使气流从唇齿间通过，形成摩擦，声带不振动。fivefanflowerfishfourleafgiraffephoneelephantphotolaugh绕口令练习：FannypickedouryellowflowersforherfatherFrank.Thefolk（民族）foundafarmfulloffinefood.（2）/V/口型与f相似，但是声带不振动videovasevestfiveloveviolinmovevotevanvolcano绕口令练习：Momlovesyou,weallloveyouverymuch.Forgivemeforleavingyourglovesthere.（3）/s/双唇微微张开，舌端靠近上齿龈，舌头自然放松，气流从齿间送出，声带不振动。starsunsnakeseaseepencilcitycedarceilingcelebrategrassglassclassbossfaceracericenice绕口令练习：Mynameissnake,myskinissmoothandnice.Passmethecupsandbooksonthedesk.（4）/双唇微微张开，舌端靠近上齿龈，舌头自然放松，气流从齿间送出，声带振动。跟〃ci〃很像zerozebrazoobagsphotossistersnoserose绕口令练习：zzz,zzz,zzz,Iamabusybee.（5）/e/舌尖微微伸出，上下齿微微咬住舌尖，不要咬着不放，送气，身带不振动.threethinthirdteethmouth绕口令练习：Ithinkthethincatisthirty-three,maybehethinkswearethirstytoo.ThethirdThursdayofthismonthisthesixteenth.（6）/8/舌尖微微伸出，上下齿微微咬住舌尖，不要咬着不放，送气，身带振动.来源于网络fathermotherbrotherclothesthanweather绕口令练习：Myfathertoldmymother”thiswaytothebay”Myfatherandmymothervisitedmybrotherwiththoseteachers.（7）/h/嘴唇自然张开，自然呵气，很放松的发声即可。heherheadhearthairhamwhowhose绕口令练习：HeavyHenryhasahouse,happyHarryisamouse.Iheardyouhaveheardfromhome.（8）/r/舌尖向上卷起，舌头不接触任何部位，双唇稍微突出，声带振动。绕口令练习：Mr.Rat,Mr.Rat,IamneartheriverWehavefreshbreadforbreakfast（9）/J/双唇稍收圆，微微突出，舌头稍微上卷，舌尖接近上齿龈，送气，声带不振动。跟‘屎’很相似。sugarsureshipsheepwashcashshopshe绕口令练习：ShellywentshoppingtofindapairofshoesSheshowedmeafreshfish.（10）/3/双唇稍收圆，微微突出，舌头稍微上卷，舌尖接近上齿龈，送气，声带不振动.跟“日”有点相似。teacherpeachcherrychairwatchmatch绕口令练习：pleasure,pleasure,what’syourpleasure?Measureyourgarageatyourleisure.（11）/t?/双唇略微张开突出，舌尖抵住下齿龈，跟“齿”很相似，声带不振动。teacherpeachcherrychairwatchmatchchalk（粉笔）绕口令练习：cheese?Cheese?Whereisthecheese?Thechildrenhaveitonthebeach.Teachthechildrentofetchthechickenfromthekitchen.（12）/d3/双唇略微张开突出，舌尖抵住下齿龈，跟“只”很像，声带振动Ginger（姜）giraffecage（笼子）jumpjobjam（果酱）orangecabbage绕口令练习：whenJackandJillgetanewtoy,theyjumpandjump.Jamesenjoyedthestrawberryjamverymuch.（13）/tr/双唇收圆，向前突出，舌尖上翘抵住上齿龈，采取发/r/的姿势，声带不振动。treetrucktrousersstrawberrytricktraintrash绕口令练习：shetriedandtriedtocatchthetrain.Thechildrentriedtotrim（修剪）thetree.（14）/dr/双唇收圆，向前突出，舌尖上翘抵住上齿龈，采取发/r/的姿势，声带振动。drawdrinkdriverdragondrydrumdreamdress绕口令练习：Areyoudreaming?Areyoudreaming?brotherdragon.Brotherdragon.HersonDraytondrewalargedragononthewallinthedrawingroom.（15）/ts/舌尖先抵住上齿，堵住气流，使气流从舌尖和齿龈间送出，声带不振动，一般复数名词或者动词第三人称单数发这个音。声带振动。有〃此〃的感觉。seatsgoatscoatscatspetseatsgateskitesdatestastes绕口令练习：Mydadsellscoatsandboats.Hesaidhemightsellboots.来源于网络Isawlotsandlotsofkitesandcats.（16）/dz/舌尖先抵住上齿，堵住气流，使气流从舌尖和齿龈间送出，声带不振动，一般复数名词或者动词第三人称单数发这个音，声带振动。有〃子〃的感觉.seedswoodsfriendsbirdsbedsridesswordsspades（铁锹）绕口令练习：Birds ,birds,birds,whereareyougoing?Amanofwordsbutnotneedsislikeagardenfullofweeds.鼻音/m/,/n/,/?/（1）/m/双唇紧闭，舌头平放，气流从鼻腔出来，声带振动。mouthmousemilkmonkeymoonmoneymumclimbcomb（梳子）thumb绕口令练习：Mother,mother,mother,mayIgodowntothemarket?Heclimbedthemountainwith