第02讲-设空在段中-2022年高考英语二轮复习大提升增分策略全国通用

优点英语第02讲设空在段中-2022年高考英语二轮复习大提升增分策略（全国通用）段中设空的题目即为主题句的展开句。此种题要注意分析前后的逻辑性和内容的连贯性，注意句子之间的衔接手法。当设空在段中时，通常考查该空与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文之间的街接关系。常见的逻辑关系包括7类:总分关系、解释关系、转折关系，因果关系、递进关系，并列关系和例证关系。【增分策略】.逻辑关系线索法&并利美系：rirsQhSecoodfh）,..^ Inthefii&并利美系：rirsQhSecoodfh）,..^ Inthefii3tpkiceiinthe与EQOBdphce...;f（jronething,fornmitherthingthen/next.fimillvlastC;转折关系:bur.however.yet.Khile/though?or/othemise.ontheconti^in-uusteaiillieveitheless1然而）still,vet.onthecontraryJucontrast/cornpaiisou等B,顿承关系；toojslso,besides,further-fuithennoivjuoreover甲加甘£hkhe；.inaddition・处5wel].toinnkeiiwttei^wotT-eJiot...but...JM>tonh-...buralso等.E解释关系二forei^anpleJorinsnnceinfact'a5卦nutteroffact?actTUillyjlelotherwirds『thatistosay等E举例关系：forex^m（）l.e,foi e卜iuasmuJiiceiLof ^ciwlD??inoitheiwoids,thatisto5aly等营D,因果关系：so/theitfone.thusxonsequenrh-^'果）・於ainsult（of},so/£uch...tint一皿tlot…等.高频词复现线索法词汇复现法是为了文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即文中对同一概念的描述在不同位置反复出现。

优点英语.代词指代线索法代词出现的频率高是英语表达的特点。使用代词主要是为了避免重复用于指代前面提到的人或物有时也用于指代前面提到的名词或概念。代词指代一定要注意两种情况，一是选项中的代词要特别关注，二是空后的句子中的代词要特别关注。巧妙利用这样的指代关系可以有效地帮助我们做出正确的选择。辨清代词指代的单复数i仁单物尔可赞各词或整个句子these/tfiose=特指的以翔名词they/them=童数名叵口的=法指的单敏可领名词ones-三指的复数名词辨清代词指代的单复数i仁单物尔可赞各词或整个句子these/tfiose=特指的以翔名词they/them=童数名叵口的=法指的单敏可领名词ones-三指的复数名词that-特指的单聊不可数名苗this=单数答叵或句子注意空前空后句中出现的代词，并确定其意义结合指代意义和单复数解题利用代词指代意义4.相似结构线索法阅读七选五的体裁大多是说明文，文章常采用总分或总分总形式。第一段说明文章的主题下面几段从不同角度说明问题，最后总结，各段之间多是平行关系。在文章句式的使用上，多出现相似句型。有时候设空是句子的某一部分，所以可以借助相似句型和句子结构解题。【提升能力】技法1：逻辑关系线索法.并列关系（2020•新高考全国卷）Yourgoalisnottobeaperfectpublicspeaker.19Andlikeeverythingelseinlife,thattakespractice.Remember.evenworldchampionathletespracticetheirskillsonaconsistentbasis.Dotheopposite.Youwanttobeaneffectivepublicspeaker.Youdon'tneedtoapologizeforaminorslip.优点英语Whenitcomestopublicspeaking,lessisusuallymore.Theobjectiveofmostspeechesistobenefittheaudience.Takethefearoutofpublicspeakingbyfocusingonyourlisteners.However,themajorityofpeopleareeffectivespeakersbecausetheytraintobe.第一步：确定考查题型特点（段中句）。第二步：由空刖一句“Yourgoalisnottobeaperfectpublicspeaker.”及空后一句“And...takespractice”可以锁定B选项为正确答案，它们之间构成并列关系。第三步：代入选项，阅读全文，确定答案为B。.顺承关系（2020,新课标全国卷III）Ahousewarmingpartyisaspecialpartytobeheldwhensomeonebuysormovesintoanewapartmentorhouse.Thepersonwhoboughtthehouseormovedistheonewhothrowstheparty.Thepartyisachanceforfriendsandfamilytocongratulatethepersononthenewhome.36.Anditisgoodtimetofillthenewspacewithloveandhopefulpresents.Thisisn,tusualthough.Itistraditionaltobringagifttoahousewarmingparty.Youcanalsobringfoodordrinkstosharewiththeotherguests.Ifyou,reluckyenoughtoreceivegifts,keeptheminasafeplace.Italsogivespeopleachancetoseewhatthenewhomelookslike.Thebesthousewarmingpartiesencourageoldfriendstogettogether.Thiswassothatthepersoncouldkeeptheirhomewarmforthewinter.第一步：确定考查题型特点（段中句）。第二步：上句Thepartyisachanceforfriendsandfamilytocongratulatethepersononthenewhome.（这个聚会是朋友和家人祝贺新家的机会）。介绍庆祝乔迁之喜的聚会是亲戚朋友祝贺搬新豕的人的一次机会，下句Anditisagoodtimetofillthenewspacewithloveandhopefullypresents.（现在是时候用爱和希望的礼物来填补新家了）。介绍这也是给新家装满爱和希望礼物的好时机。E项：它也给了人们一次看看新家什么样的机会。与上下句为顺承，故选E。第三步：代入选项，阅读全文，确定答案为E。3.转折关系优点英语（2021,浙江卷1月）Grocerystorestrytohaveenoughemployeesatcheckouttogetalltheircustomersthroughwithminimumdelay.32Anysmallinterruption——apricecheck,achattycustomer-canhavedownstreameffects,holdingupanentireline.Whydoesthisalwaysseemtohappentoyou?Sowhydon'tmostplacesencourageserpentinelines?Someofthemmayhavestoodinaqueueforalmostanhour.Thechancesofyourlinebeingthefastestareonlyoneinthree.Howhighistheprobabilitythatyouareinthefastestwaitingline?Withthreeregisters,thismethodismuchfasterthanthetraditionalapproach.Butsometimes,asonaSundayafternoon,thesystemgetsparticularlybusy.第一步：确定考查题型特点（段中句）。第二步：空前提到食品杂货店希望将结账延误降到最低，空后提到任何小小的干扰都会拖慢整个队伍，两者形成转折，空处应明确转折关系，故G项符合语境。G项中的busy呼应卜文的“interruption”"holdingupanentireline”，“but”提示转折关系。第三步：代入选项，阅读全文，确定答案为G。4.因果关系（2021•新课标全国卷II）MyhusbandandIjustspentaweekinParis.36Sothefirstthingwedidwasrentafantasticallyexpensivesixth-floorapartmentthesizeofacupboard.Itwassotinythatwehadtoleaveoursuitcasesinthehallway.Notallthecustomersaretourists.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.That,snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon,tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.

优点英语第一步确定考查题型特点（段中句）。第二步上文“MyhusbandandIjustspentaweekinParis.我丈夫和我刚在巴黎待了一周）”说明了背景；下文“Sothefirstthingwedidwasrentafantasticallyexpensivesixth-floorapartmentthesizeofacupboard.（所以我们做的第一件事就是租了一个非常昂贵公寓，在第六层，只有一个橱柜那么大）”是空格处的结果，因此空格处需要填原因；根据F项“Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.（我们的目标是看看我们是否在某种程度上可以活的像巴黎人。）”可知，作者要在巴黎住下来，所以需要租房子，两句构成因果关系。故选F项。第三步代入选项，阅读全文，确定答案为E。5.解释关系（2021•全国卷甲卷）・Putdifferenttypesofclothingondifferentsurfacesintheroom.19 .Placeafewmirrorsaroundyourroomsopeoplecanseehowthingslookwhentheytrythemon.Oneofthegroundrulesoftheswapshouldbethateveryonemusttryontheclothesbeforetheytakethem—thingsalwayslookdifferentwhenyouputthemon.LesspeoplethanthatHoldaclothingswapIftwopeoplearecompetingJustkeepmusicplayingthroughoutDonatewhateverclothesareleftoverFHaveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspotsG.Telleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition第一步确定考查题型特点（段中句）。第二步根据上文“Putdifferenttypesofclothingondifferentsurfacesintheroon”.（把不同类型的衣服放在房间的不同地方。）指出衣服应该归类放置。下文“Placeafewmirrorsaroundyourroomsopeoplecanseehowthingslookwhentheytrythemon."（在房间周围放几面镜子，这样人们试穿时就能看到衣服的样子。）提到了放置镜子的意义。由此可见，本段讲述的是房间里的一些具体的做法，优点英语所以空白处一样要提出人们在房间里要做什么。F项"Haveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspots.（让每个人的衣服都放在相应的位置上。）”说明每个人应该按照不同类型把衣服摆放在相应的位置，符合语境。故选F项。第三步代入选项，阅读全文，确定答案为E。6.举例关系（2016•全国卷I）Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.37Forexample,thefirstlettersof“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels"spelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme”.Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.Inanylanguage,somelettersareusedmorethanothers.Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.Aslongastherehavebeencodes,peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.Withacodebook,youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.第一步：确定考查题型特点（段中句）。第二步：设空处前一句的句意为“有三种主要的密码术”。空后接着就给出一个例子“你可以通过拼写每个单词的第一个字母来隐藏信息”。第三步：代入选项，阅读全文，确定答案为E。技法2高频词复现法（2020•全国H卷,片段）InAsia,messagingplatformsaregrowingrapidlywithusersinthehundredsofmillions,bothatworkandplay.36.Thepopularityoftheseplatformsisspreadingglobally.It'sbeenreportedthat76percentofemployeesinsomewesterncountriesareusingemojisatwork.Writtencommunicationscanoftenreadascoldanddull.Usingemojiscanaddhumorandfeeling,keepingintentionclear.37,encouragingbetterandmorefrequentcommunication.MessageswithemojisfeelmoreconversationalEvenaformalemailcanseemcoldandunfriendlyC.SendingsmilingfacestocolleaguesmayseemstrangeD.Thepopularityoftheseplatformsisspreadingglobally

优点英语第一步：确定考查形式（段中句）。第二步：分析上下文关系，找关键信息词。本题可利用词汇复现法解题。空前一句中的emojis与选项A中的emojis相呼应，且“moreconversational”也与空后的“morefrequentcommunication”相呼应。句意:使用表情符号可以增加幽默感和感情，保持明确的意图。带有表情符号的信息让人感觉更适合交谈，使人更愿意更好更频繁地交流。经分析可知正确选项。第三步：代入选项，通读全文,确定答案为A。技法3代词指代线索法（2020•全国ni卷,片段）38Thisisoftenappreciatedsinceatahousewarmingthereisn'talotoffoodserved.Thereareusuallynoplannedactivitieslikegamesatahousewarmingparty.Thehostorhostessofthepartywill,however,probablygivealltheguestsatouroftheirnewhome.Sometimes,becauseahousewarmingpartyhappensshortlyafterapersonmovesintotheirnewhome,peoplemaybeaskedtohelpunpackboxes.39.Thisisn'tusualthough.Thisisn'tusualthough.Itistraditionaltobringagifttoahousewarmingparty.Youcanalsobringfoodordrinkstosharewiththeotherguests.Ifyou'reluckyenoughtoreceivegifts,keeptheminasafeplace.第一步：确定考查题型特点（段中句）。第二步：分析上下文关系，找关键信息词。利用代词指代法锁定答案。空后的This是关键信息词。根据空后一句“Thisisoftenappreciatedsinceatahousewarmingthereisn'talotoffoodserved."可知，由于在乔迁聚会时供应的食物不多，这一点通常会受到欢迎。由此可判断出This是指空处内容，应与“食物”有关，由此可知正确选项应为C。第三步：代入选项，阅读全文,确定答案为C。技法4相似结构线索法（2019•全国H卷片段）37_Morethanthat,howshouldyoustaymotivatedtoachievethegoal?First,youneedtoevaluateyourself,yourvalues,yourstrengths,yourweaknesses,yourachievements,yourdesires,etc.Onlythen优点英语shouldyousetyourgoals.A.Thiscanaffectyourwork.Sohowshouldyoumotivateyourself?However,thisshouldnotdiscourageyou.Sowhyshouldwetrytosetspecificgoals?Theycanchangeaccordingtocircumstances.Motivationiswhatyouneedmosttodoagoodjob.Withoutmotivation,youcanneithersetagoalnorreachit.第一步：确定考查题型特点（段首句）。第二步：分析上下文关系，找关键信息词。设空处后一句是个问句，由此可知，设空处也应是一个问句，故将答案锁定在B项和D项之间。B项中的“howshouldyou…"与空后一句中的“howshouldyou…"在结构和语义上均保持一致，而D项中的why与后文内容无关。故选B。第三步：代入选项，阅读全文,确定答案为B。【刷名校真题】语法填空练习学校:姓名：班级：考号：一、七选五BeingLeft-handedinaRight-handedWorldTheworldisdesignedforright-handedpeople,butwhydoesatenthofthepopulationprefertheleft?.Theanswertoitremainsabitofamystery.Sincescientistshavenoticedthatlef-handednesstendstoruninfamilies,it'sassumedthatleft-handednesshasagenetic（基因的）componenttoit. 2 .Infact,identicaltwins,whosharethesamegenes,cansometimesprefertousedifferenthands.Therearealsoplentyoftheoriesonwhatelsemightdeterminewhichhandyouwritewith,butmanyexpertsbelievethatit'skindofrandom.Historically,theleftsideandleft-handednesshavebeenconsideredanegativethingbymanycultures..Insomeareas,thelefthandbecameknownasthe"unclean"hand.Inmanyreligions,therighthandofGodisthefavoredhand.Forexample,JesussitsatGod'srightside.God'slefthand,however,isthehandofjudgement.Variousactivitiesandexperiencesbecomerudeorevensignsofbadluckwhenthelefthandbecomesinvolved.InsomepartsofScotland,itisconsideredbadlucktomeetaleft-handedpersonatthestartofajourney.优点英语.Apersongivingdirectionswillputtheirlefthandbehindthemandevenphysicallytrytopointwiththeirrighthandifnecessary.InsomeAsiancountries,eatingwiththelefthandisconsideredimpolite..Peoplecometorealizethatlef-handednessisnatural.Peopleevennoticedthatmanyfamouspeopleareleft-handed,includingBenjaminFranklin,LeonardoDaVinci,andCharlieChaplin.Someresearchersfindoutthatleftiesaremorecreativeandcandealwithabstractthinkingbetter.Theleft-handednessismoreeasilyadaptabletotheright-handedworldaswell.Beingleft-handedisnolongerasadstorynow;instead,itisawonderfulgiftormaybeitissomethingyoushouldtakepridein.A.Inotherwords,left-handersarebornthatway.Left-handednessusedtoberegardedasadisability.Theunfavorableassociationsoftheuseofthelefthandamongculturesarevaried.Whydotheyprefertousetheirlefthandratherthantheirrighthandforroutineactivities?Whydosomeparentsforcetheirleft-handedchildrentobecomeright-handedwhenwriting?InGhana,pointing,gesturing,givingorreceivingitemswiththelefthandisconsideredrude.Fortunately,nowadaysmostsocietiesandculturesnolongerrejectleft-handednesslikebefore.【来源】陕西省宝鸡中学、西安三中等五校2019-2020学年高三上学期第一次联考英语试题【答案】1.D.A.C.F.G【解析】【分析】试题分析：文章主要讲述了左撇子及其形成原因，并讲述了往昔人们对于左撇子的态度和现在的改变。D考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：这个世界是为右手的人设计的，但是为什么十分之一的人更倾向于左撇子。所以这里选D（为什么他们更喜欢使用左手而不是右手用于日常生活）与上下文一致。A考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：据说左撇子的人有基因的成分在里面；空后的意思是：事实上有同样基因的双胞胎更倾向于使用不同的手。所以这里选A（换句话说，左撇子出生就是那样）与上下文一致。C考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：在许多文化背景下，左撇子被认为是消极的，不好的；空后的意思是：在一些地区，左手被认为是不干净的手。所以这里选C（在各种文化中左手使用的不好的联想优点英语是不同的）与上下文一致。F考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：在苏格兰，常认为在旅途开始的时候遇到一个左撇子是倒霉的。空后的意思是：一个指方向的人会把他的左手放在背后，甚至如果需要的话会用他们的右手指。所以这里选F（在加纳，用左手指点、做姿势、给予甚至接受被认为是粗鲁的）与上下文一致。G考查对上下文语境的理解。空后的意思是：人们意识到了左撇子很自然。所以这里选G（幸运的是，现在许多社会和文化不再像以前一样反对左撇子了）与上下文一致。考点：考查对文章内容和结构的整体理解和上下文逻辑关系的把握。Whenyouthinkaboutadeadlyanimal,youmaythinkofashark,alion,orevenanelephant.However,thetruthisthatthedeadliestanimalintheworldismuchsmallerandmoreannoying.6Anditfeedsonhumanblood,transportingnumerousdiseasesfromonepersontothenext.Figureitout,yet?Yes,it'sthemosquito.Thenumbersdon'tlie:AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization,morethan725,000peopleworldwidearekilledbymosquito-bornediseaseseachyear.Thesediseasesincludemalaria疟疾）denguefever,yellowfever,andencephalitis,7"Beingabletoadapteasilytonewenvironmentsisoneofthereasonswhymosquitoesarethemostdeadly,"BumsBlackwell,anexpertinpestcontrolsaid.8Mosquitoeshavelearnedtolayeggsinaslittleasafewsmalldropsofwaterandeachfemalemosquitocanlaybetween50and500eggsonce.Theirpopulationsalsoreachthehighestpointatdifferenttimesindifferentareasallovertheworld,makingitnearlyimpossibletoavoidbeingbitten9Inareaswherethere'retoomanymosquitoes,localauthoritiestrytocontrolthepopulationthroughroutinepesticide（杀虫剂）applications."Weshouldprotectourselvesbyavoidingplaceswherethereistoomuchwater,"saidBernardCohen,MD,aprofessorattheJohnsHopkinsUniversitySchoolofMedicine. 10Wearbugrepellent（驱虫剂）thatcontainsDEET（upto30percent）whenheadingoutdoors,andreapplyitabouteveryfourhours.A.Mostofthediseasescanbecuredinashorttime.Therearemorethan100varietiesofthisthingonearth.Healsostressesthatalittleprotectionwillgoalongway.Andeverybiteincreasestheriskofgettingaseriousdisease.EMosquitoestakemuchinterestingettingintouchwithchildren.FMalariaisthemosthorrible,killingatleast600,000peopleayear.G.Anotherreasontheinsectsaresodeadlyisthattheyproducequickly.【来源】江西省九江第一中学2020-2021学年高三上学期第三次调研英语试题优点英语【答案】6.BFGDC【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍世界上最致命的小动物一蚊子。它以人类血液为食，将多种疾病从一个人传染给另一个人。.根据上文提示“然而，事实是，世界上最致命的动物要小得多，也更令人讨厌。”再根据下文提示“它以人类血液为食，将多种疾病从一个人传染给另一个人。”承接上下文，B.Therearemorethan100varietiesofthisthingonearth.（地球上有100多种这种东西。）切题。故选B。.根据前半句提示“这些疾病包括疟疾、登革热、黄热病和脑炎，”承接上半句，F项Malariaisthemosthorrible,killingatleast600,000peopleayear.（疟疾是最可怕的，每年造成至少60万人死亡。）切题。故选F。.根据下文提示“蚊子已经学会在几滴小水滴中产卵，每只雌蚊子一次可以产卵50到500枚。”承接下文，G项Anotherreasontheinsectsaresodeadlyisthattheyproducequickly.（这种昆虫如此致命的另一个原因是它们繁殖迅速。）切题。故选G。.根据上文提示“在世界各地的不同地区，它们的数量在不同时期达到最高点，这使得它们几乎不可能避免被叮咬。”承接上文，D项Andeverybiteincreasestheriskofgettingaseriousdisease.（每咬一口都会增力口患严重疾病的风险。）切题。故选D。.根据上文提示“我们应该避免去那些水太多的地方来保护自己，”约翰霍普金斯大学医学院的医学博士伯纳德・科恩教授说。再根据下文提示‘出门时使用含有避蚊胺（高达30%）的驱虫剂，大约每四个小时重复使用一次。”承接上下文，C项Healsostressesthatalittleprotectionwillgoalongway.（他还强调，一点小小的保护将大有帮助。）切题。故选C。HowtoAchieveaPositiveAttitudeOverthelastdecade,researchershaveidentifiedpracticesthatcanhelpyouachieveandsustainapositiveattitudetowardsyourfuture.11Theearlierinlifeyouadoptthesepractices,thegreaterthepotentialimpactonthequality,andpossiblylength,ofyourlife.Enjoypleasure.Focusyourattentiononsomethingpleasingasitoccurs,consciouslyenjoyingtheexperience优点英语asitunfolds.12Everydaypleasures,ontheotherhand,canslipbywithoutmuchnoticeunlesstheydisappearorseemthreatened.Slowdownandfocus.Youwillenjoythingsmore,whetheramealoravisitwithafriend.Practicegratitude.Gratitudeisathankfulappreciationforwhatyoureceive.Trykeepingagratitudejournal,inwhichyouregularlywritedownthingsforwhichyouaregrateful.13Asyouwrite,bespecificandtrytorelievethefeelingasyourememberwhateachthingmeanstoyou.Cultivatemindfulness.Mindfulnessisgenerallyacquiredbytrainingthemindtofocusitsattentiononthepresentmomentinasystematicway,acceptingwhateverarises.Beingmindfulhelpsyoubecomefullyengagedintheon-handactivitiesandcreatesagreatercapacitytodealwithadverseevents.1415Ifit,snormaltoexperienceasenseoflossandevengriefifarelationshipbreaks,yourchildrenleavehome,oryouloseajoborretire.Viewanimportantlifechange,nomatterhowpainful,asanewchallengeoropportunity.Forexample,ifyou'rebetweenjobsorretired,lookforvolunteeropportunitiesthatwouldbenefitfromyourprofessionalskills.Ifyoumisshavingchildreninyourlife,considercoachingortutoring.A.Emphasizethepositive.Hereareafewsuggestions.Maintainasenseofpurpose.Feelingappreciatedhelpsyousustainapositiveattitude.Doingsowillhelpyougothroughyourdayswithgreaterappreciation.Mostpeoplepreferspecialmoments,suchasanoutingdayoravacation.Doingthis,youmayhavelessworryaboutthefutureorregretoverthepast.【来源】山东师范大学附属中学2021届高三打靶模拟考试英语试题【答案】11.B12．13．14．15．【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了拥有积极态度的方法。优点英语根据上文“Overthelastdecade,researchershaveidentifiedpracticesthatcanhelpyouachieveandsustainapositiveattitudetowardsyourfuture.（在过去的十年里，研究人员发现了一些可以帮助你实现并保持对未来的积极态度的实践）”以及后文"Theearlierinlifeyouadoptthesepractices,thegreaterthepotentialimpactonthequality,andpossiblylength,ofyourlife.（你越早采用这些方法，对你生命质量和寿命的潜在影响就越大）”可知，上文提到了研究人员发现关于保持对未来的积极态度的实践，后文则提到了方法，可知本句旨在提出这些方法，故B选项“这里有一些建议”符合语境，故选B。根