中考英语动词不定式考点全攻略附答案

中考英语动词不定式考点全攻略（附答案）动词不定式历来是中考英语命题的热点之一。它是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为‘（not）to+动词原形”。考点攻略一：动词不定式作主语1）动词不定式直接用在主语位置：Toseeyouisalwaysapleasure.2）如果主语较长，则可以用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语（不定式）置于后面。Itis+形容词+（ofsb.）todosth.此处常用careless,clever,foolish,honest,kind,nice,rude,stupid,silly,wrong,wise等形容词，与介词of搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质。It,sbraveofyoutojumpintotherivertosavetheboy!Itis+名词或形容词+（forsb.）todosth.此处常用necessary,hard,difficult,easy,important,impossible等形容词，与介词for搭配，表示不定式的动作或行为的性质。Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomclean. Itisimportantforustoprotecttheenvironment.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.ItusuallytakesusabouttwoandahalfhourstotravelfromShanghaitoJapan.考点攻略二：动词不定式作宾语其后常接不定式作宾语的动词有：agree,afford,choose,decide,expect,plan,promise,manage,hope,wish,want,seem,refuse,fail等。Ididn,texpecttoseeyouhere.在某些复合宾语中，动词有find,consider,think,make,feel,常先用it代替不定式，作形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面去。Ifinditimpossibletofinishthetaskontime.考点攻略三：动词不定式作宾语补足语动词不定式作宾补，即“动词+宾语+（not）todosth."，接不定式作宾补的常见动词有：advise,allow,ask,cause,expect,beg,encourage,get,help,invite,teach,order,remind,tell,want,wish,warn等。Myparentsalwaystellmenottobelateforschool.考点攻略四：动词不定式作表语不定式作表语一般位于系动词之后，表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作；若主语是aim,duty,hope,idea,job,plan,problem,purpose,wish等名词，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。ItissaidthattheyaretovisitChinanextmonth.MywishistobecomeascientistlikeEinstein.考点攻略五：动词不定式作定语（常用于名词之后）。由only,last,next,序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语，Tomisalwaysthefirststudenttoarriveatschool.注：动词不定式to后所接动词若是不及物动词，而不定式与其修饰的词之间有动宾关系时，此不定式后要加相应的介词。Wehaven,tdecidedwhichhoteltostayat. Ineedapentowritewith.考点攻略六：动词不定式作目的状语。如：Tokeepfit,studentsareadvisedtodomorningexercises.soasto（不可用于句首使用），inorderto也可以引导目的状语。Iwalkedslowlyontheicyroadinordernottofalldown.考点攻略七：动词不定式与疑问词连用。疑问代词who,what,which和疑问副词when,where,how等后加动词不定式，构成不定式短语，可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。如：Theproblemishowtogetthereontime.注：当主句谓语动词know,tell,forget,remember,learn,explain等后接疑问词（连接代词/副词）引导的宾语从句，且该从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,宾语从句可转换成“疑问词（连接代词/副词）+不定式（短语）”形式。Wedon,tknowwhatweshoulddonext.=Wedon,tknowwhattodonext.考点攻略八：动词不定式to的省略情况1)、在有些使役动词及感官动词后可用省略to的动词不定式，如let,make,have,hear,see,feel,smell,hear,watch等，但在被动结构中，to不可省略。Theteachermakesmerewritethecomposition.2)、在下列结构后常用不带to的动词不定式：hadbetter,wouldrather,cannothelp,等。I,dbettergonow,orI,llmissthetrain.3)、在whynot结构中，其后的动词不定式to要省略。如：Whynotsendthosebooksback?自我测试I.Choosethebestanswer.Youhadbetterbecauseyouhavetodrivebackhome.A)notdrinkingB)notdrinkC)don,tdrinkD)nottodrinkIcan,ttellyouwhatshesaid.I,vepromiseditasecret.A)keep B)tokeep C)keepingD)keptDoctorswarnedpeoplestayoutdoorsforalongtimeinfoggyweather.A)not B)don,t C)tonotD)notto1willgotoHarbinformysummervacation.Whataboutyou? 1haven'tdecidedwhere.A)go B)went C)going D)togoTheboyisoftenheardinthemusicroom.Hesingsverywell.A)practisesingingB)topractisesingingC)practisedsingingD)practisetosingII.Rewritethefollowingsentencesasrequired.Thegirldidn'tknowwhereshecouldfindhermother.(改成简单句)Thegirldidn'tknowwherehermother.Themanissoenergeticthathecanbeourleader.(改为简单句)Themanisenergeticbeourleader.Youshouldmemorizeyourpassword.It,sveryimportant.(合并为一句)It,sveryimportantforyouyourpassword.答案与解析：.答案为B。hadbetter后接动词原形，否定形式在hadbetter后加not。.答案为B。promisetodosth.答应或许诺做某事。.答案为D。warnsb.nottodosth.警告某人不要做某事。.答案为D。此处考查的是疑问词（连接代词/副词）+不定式（短语）形式的用法。.答案为B。make,hear,see等词在被动结构中要加to。.答案为tofind。宾语从句可转换成“疑问词（连接代词/副词）+不定式（短语）”形式。.答案为enoughto。so...that…结构可以与enoughto同义转换。.答案为tomemorizeoItis+名词或形容词+（forsb.）todosth为固定表达结构。一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷.阅读理解Manycarsinadvertisementsarered,blueorgreenbutalmost75percentofnewcarssoldareblack,white,silverorgrey.Asurveyshowspeoplepreferthecarcolorsthatdon'tshowdirtsuchasgrey.Thatmeanstheownerscanwashtheircarsless,savingmoney.Besides,someareasthatareshortofwaterdonotallowpeopletowashtheircarsoften.Accordingtoanothersurvey,whitecarsareoftensoldmorethancarsofothercolors.InChina,carbuyerssaywhitemakesasmallcarlookbigger.Carbuyersinothercountriesalsolikewhite.Andtheresearchalsosuggeststhatthereisalowerriskofaccidentsduringthedayforwhitecarscomparedwithdarkerones.Peoplealsothinkthetemperatureinsidewhitecarsislowerthanthatincarsofothercolors.Atpresent,everyyearabout11percentofcarssoldareredand8percentareblue.Greenhasbecomelesspopular.Inthemid1990s,greenwasthemostpopularcolorinmanyplacesoftheworld.Buttoday,greencarsarehardtofind.Sometimeinthefuture,peoplemaynothavetochoosethecoloroftheircartechnologymayletownerschangetheircar'spaintcoloranytime.Youcanoftensee carsinadvertisements.A.white B.black C.red D.silverCarbuyerschoosegreybecausethey.

canwashtheircarslessdon'tneedtowashcarscanwashtheircarslessdon'tneedtowashcarsC.canpaylessmoneyforcars D.don'tallowwashingcarsAccordingtothepassage,whitecarslookthanthoseofothercolors.A.safer B.darker C.cheaper D.biggerGreencars .A.makeup11%ofthecarssold B.arehardtofindallthetimeC.werethemostpopularinthemid1990sD.werelesspopularthanbluecarsinthepastInthefuture,wecan.A.choosecarsinallcolors B.paintourcarsanycoloranywhereC.buycarsinallcolors D.changeourcar'spaintcoloranytime【答案】(1)CAACD【解析【分析】大意：本文讲述车的颜色，以及使用某些颜色的原因。细节题。根据Manycarsinadvertisementsarered,可知，广告里的车的颜色是经常是红色的，故选C。细节题。根据Asurveyshowspeoplepreferthecarcolorsthatdon'tshowdirtsuchasgrey.Thatmeanstheownerscanwashtheircarsless,可知，车的用户选择灰色的车，因为他们可以更少洗车，故选A。细节题。根据theresearchalsosuggeststhatthereisalowerriskofaccidentsduringthedayforwhitecarscomparedwithdarkerones.可知，研究表明白色的车比其他颜色的车更安全，故选A。推断题。根据Inthemid1990s,greenwasthemostpopularcolorinmanyplacesoftheworld.可知，在20世纪90年代绿色的是世纪很多地方最受欢迎的颜色，推出绿色的车那时应该是最受欢迎的，故选C。节题。根据Sometimeinthefuture,peoplemaynothavetochoosethecoloroftheircartechnologymayletownerschangetheircar'spaintcoloranytime可知，将来，我们可以在任何时候改变我们车的漆的颜色，故选D。【点评】考查阅读理解。细节题和推断题是阅读理解题中常考题型。细节题需要从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。2.阅读理解SittingamongthecheeringfansoftheChineseWomen'sVolleyballTeaminRiodeJaneiro,aPolishfancaughtalotofattention.ItisnotbecauseheisnotChinese,butbecausehehasfollowedtheteamcloselyfromtheverybeginningThe60-year-oldJozeffellinlovewiththeChineseWomen'sVolleyballTeamatthefirstsightwhenhewatchedthegirlsattheLondonOlympicsonTVin2012.ThePolishmanwascrazyabouttheperformancesoftheyoungteam,especiallybyitscoreplayerHuiRuoqi.BeforethatJozefwasaloyalfanofhishometeam-thePolishmen'svolleyball.Sincethen,Jozefhasbecomecrazyabouttheteamandhaskepttrackofalmostalltheirinternationalcompetitions.Backinthe2013MontreuxVolleyMastersofSwitzerland,thePolishman,forthefirsttime,cametocheerupfortheteamonsite.HealsodroveallthewayfromPolandtoItalytolendsupportforthegirlsduringthe2014Women'sWorldVolleyballChampionship.ThehardcorefantraveledhundredsofmilesfromPolandtoBrazil,andbookedticketsforallmatchesoftheChineseWomen'sVolleyball.Thistime,JozefwasinterviewedbyTVandhasbeenrecognizedbynotjustfans,butmillionsofChineseTVaudience.The"Polishgrandpa"wasanicknamegivenbyChinesevolleyballfans.Hehas18,000followersonSinaWeibo,China'sanswertoTwitter,whereJozefhasbeensharinghisobsessionwithChineseinternetuserssince2013.WhydidJozefgetmuchattention?HewasinterviewedbyChineseTV.HeisafamousandloyalPolishfan.HehassupportedtheChineseteamfromthestart.HewassittingamongthefansoftheChineseteam.WhendidJozeffirstbecomeinterestedintheChineseWomen'sVolleyballTeamA.In2012. B.In2013. C.In2014. D.In2015.HowdidJozefcometoItalytosupporttheChineseWoomen'sVolleyballTear?A.Bycar B.Bybus C.Bybike D.Byplane(4)Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage？JozefhasalreadyhadmillionsoffansinPoland.Jozefhasbeenafanofhishometeamsince2012.JozeffirstcheeredupfortheChineseteamonsitein2014.JozefhasfollowedmostoftheinternationalmatchesoftheChineseteam.WhathasJozefbeendoingonSinaWeibo?GivingsupporttothePolishteamSharinghislovefortheChineseteamAnsweringquestionsaboutplayingvolleyballBookingticketsformatchesoftheChineseteam【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）A（4）D（5）B【解析【分析】文章大意：短文介绍了中国女排的铁杆球迷“波兰爷爷〃。他从一开始就密切关注球队现年60岁的乔泽夫在2012年伦敦奥运会的电视上看到这些女孩时，第一眼就爱上了中国女排。波兰人对青年队的表现非常着迷，尤其是对其核心球员惠若奇的表现。在2014年世界女子排球锦标赛上，他还从意大利的波兰多驱车前往支持这些女孩。这位铁杆球迷从波兰到巴西旅行了数百英里，并预订了中国女排所有比赛的门票。不仅得到了电视迷的认可，也得到了数以百万计的中国电视观众的认可。他在新浪微博上有18000名粉丝，这是中国对Twitter的回应。（1）细节理解题。根据ItisnotbecauseheisnotChinese,butbecausehehasfollowedtheteamcloselyfromtheverybeginning这不是因为他不是中国人，而是因为他从一开始就密切关注球队。可只是因为他从一开始就支持中国队，故答案选C。（2）细节理解题。根据The60-year-oldJozeffellinlovewiththeChineseWomen'sVolleyballTeamatthefirstsightwhenhewatchedthegirlsattheLondonOlympicsonTVin2012.现年60岁的乔泽夫在2012年伦敦奥运会的电视上看到这些女孩时，第一眼就爱上了中国女排。可知是从2012年开始，故答案选A。（3）细节理解题。根据HealsodroveallthewayfromPolandtoItalytolendsupportforthegirlsduringthe2014Women'sWorldVolleyballChampionship在2014年世界女子排球锦标赛上，他还从意大利的波兰多驱车前往支持这些女孩，可知是开车。故答案选A。（4）细节理解题。根据andbookedticketsforallmatchesoftheChineseWomen'sVolleyball.并预定了中国女排所有比赛的门票。可知乔泽夫跟踪了中国队的大部分国际比赛，故答案选D。（5）细节理解题。根据Hehas18,000followersonSinaWeibo,China'sanswertoTwitter,whereJozefhasbeensharinghisobsessionwithChineseinternetuserssince2013.他在新浪微博上有18000名粉丝，这是中国对Twitter的回应，自2013年以来，Jozef一直在与中国网民分享他对Twitter的痴迷。可知他在微博上分享他对中国队的爱，故答案选B。【点评】考查阅读理解题，本文涉及到了细节理解题，细节理解体比较简单，可知直接从文章中找到答案。3.阅读理解TwofriendsandImovedintoahouseoffcampuswhenIwasajunioratIowaStateUniversity.Wewereallabitafraidofourlandlord,arudemiddleagedmanwhowas"allbusiness"whenwesignedthelease.Hegaveusalectureaboutpayingtherentontimeandmaintainingthehouseandappliances.Weweren'treallysupposedto,butduringthefallsemester,myhousematesandIthrewaparty.WesentinvitationstomanyfriendsandtoldeveryonethatweknewtocometoourhouseonFridaynight.Wedrewalargecrowdandeveryonehadagreattime.Thelastguestsleftintheweehoursofthemorning.Exhausted,wedecidedtosleepinandcleanthehouseandyardthenextmorning.Well,youguessedit!Wewereawakenedabout7:00a.m.byourlandlord,whowasknockingonthedoor.Sheepishly,welethimin,expectingtoincurhiswrath.Instead,hepickedupapartyinvitationthathadbeenlayingonthesidewalkandasked,"Whydidn'tyougirlsinviteme?"Hecameintothehouse,madeaminorrepair,andspentafewminuteshelpinguspickuptrashfromtheyard.Weweren'tquitesurewhattomakeofourunexpectedluck.IfiguredthatheviewedmyhousematesandIasirresponsibleafterthepartyincidentandthiswouldprovehimright.ButIwaswrong.Hesaid,"Ihaveadaughteraboutyourage,andthesamethinghappenedtoheronce.Healsotaughtmeanimportantlessonaboutnotjudgingabookbyitscover.Whydidthewriterfeelalittleafraidofherlandlord?Thelandlordsaidnothingtous.Hewasarudemiddleagedmanwhowas"allbusiness"whentheysignedthelease.Hedidn'tplayajokeonus.Hewasalwaysangrywithus.Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheunderlinedword“incurhiswrath”？A.getstressedout.B.getangry.C.bescolded.D.bepraised.Whatdidthelandlorddoaftereneringthehouse?Heaskeduswhywedidn'tinviteher.Heblamedusbecausewedidn'tcleanthehouseandyard.Hedidn'tsayanything.Hethoughtwewereirresponsible.Whatdoyouthinkofthelandlord?A.Heisreallyseriousandunkind. B.Heissorudeandpoliteless.C.Heissokindandunderstanding. D.Heisreallystrictandcruel.Whatdidthewriterwanttotellus?A.Neverjudgefromappearances B.Afriendwithoutfaultswillneverbefound.C.Accidentswillhappen. D.Afallintothepit,againinyourwit.【答案】(1)B(2)C(3)A(4)C(5)A【解析【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在大三时和朋友在校外租房住，遇到了一个看起来粗鲁的中年男房东，有点害怕他。因为和朋友们一起办了一个聚会，意外认识到这位房东其实是一个非常友善的的人。(1)细节理解题。有文章第一段"Wewereallabitafraidofourlandlord,arudemiddleagedmanwhowas"allbusiness"whenwesignedthelease”，可知作者有点怕房东，是应为他看起来粗鲁而且签租约的时候很“商人〃，故选B。(2)词义推测题。结合前文可知，作者和她的朋友有点怕这个粗鲁的房东，而她们因为聚会把屋子和院子弄得一团糟，肯定会受到这个房东的责备，C."besc。lded〃表受到责备，符合题意;A."getstressed。a〃感至1」焦虑，和"ecpectingto〃搭配意思不符；B."getangry〃发怒，本句主语不是房东，不符：D."beprised”被表扬，语意不符，故选C。(3)细节理解结题。由文章第四段“Instead,hepickedupapartyinvitationthathadbeenlayingonthesidewalkandasked,"Whydidn'tyougirlsinviteme?'可知房东进来后并没有责备她们，反而问她们：为什么不邀请他。故选A。(4)综和理解题。由文章大意知，这位房东并不是像作者看起来的那样粗鲁严厉，而是很友善。排除法可知C对。故选C。(5)主旨大意题。由文章最后一段'Healsotaughtmeanimportantlessonaboutnotjudgingabookbyitscover”可知房东让她们学到重要的一课：不能以貌取人，'Neverjudgefromappearances”，A正确；B.'Afriendwthoutfaultswillneverbefound.”无缺点的朋友难觅”；C."Accidentswillhappen.〃总会有意外发生;D."Afallintothepit,againinyourwit”吃一堑，长一智。故选A。【点评】本题考查对文章的主题感情把握和对细节的识别能力，答题时注意题中的关键词，在文中寻找答案，再比对选项确定最佳答案。4.阅读理解Howmanyofushavereachedintoourdrawer(抽屉)andpulledoutsocksthatdidn'tmatch?Willyouthrowthemawaylikemostgirlsortrytoreusethem?ThestoryofCarlyandCharleymayhelpyou.CarlyandCharleyarethegirlswhooftenlosetheirsocks.Atfirst,theyjustmatcheddifferentcolorsorstyleslikesomeothergirls.Butmostofthetime,thesesockscouldn'tmatchtheirclothes.SotheycameupwithanideaandstartedOddSox:theycollectedthesesocksandgavethemawaytohomelesspeople.Buttheproblemwasn'tsolved.Theystillhadmissingsocksuntiltheyrealizedthattheycouldmakeabusinessoutofit.SotheysetupSingleSox:hegirlssellsocksinpacks(包)ofthreesoyoucanmixandmatchasyouwish.Eachpackissupercolorfulandsuperinspiring(激励人心的)一CarlyandCharleyhavewrittenwordsoneverysocktoencouragegirlstocelebratetheirdifferences.Andtheycarryonthetraditionofgivingback—foreverypairofsockssold,theygiveawayapairtothoseinneed.Nothingisawasteifyouhaveacreativemind.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zCarlyandCharleysetupOddSoxandgaveawaythesocksto .A.sickchildrenB.disabledwomenC.poorstudentsD.homelesspeople(2)Thewordsonthesocksaretoencouragegirlsto theirdifferences.A.match B.shout C.reach D.celebrateTheunderlinedwords"carryon"inthethirdparagraphprobablymean .A.continue B.compare C.connect D.controlThecorrectorderofthefollowingis .①startedOddSox.②carryonthetraditionofgivingback③setupSingleSox④matcheddifferentsocksA.①③④② B.①③②④ C.④①③② D.④②0③Thepassageismainlyabouthowto.collectdifferentideasbuyallkindsofsocksputthingstogoodusethrowawaythewaste【答案】（1）D（2）D（3）A（4）C（5）C【解析【分析】文章大意：我们中有多少人把手伸进抽屉里拿出了不相配的袜子？你会像大多数女孩一样把它们扔掉还是再利用它们？卡莉和查理的故事也许对你有帮助。短文讲述他们是如何处理袜子的。（1）细节理解题，根据SotheycameupwithanideaandstartedOddSox:theycollectedthesesocksandgavethemawaytohomelesspeople.可知，卡莉和查理把袜子收集起来送给无家可归的人，故答案是D。（2）细节理解题，根据CarlyandCharleyhavewrittenwordsoneverysocktoencouragegirlstocelebratetheirdifferences可知写这些话的原因是为了鼓励女孩子们来庆祝自己的与众不同，故答案是D。（3）词义猜测题，根据theyrealizedthattheycouldmakeabusinessoutofit可知一开始他们通过售出的袜子赚钱，又根据thetraditionofgivingback—foreverypairofsockssold可知还是坚持了卖袜子要回报的传统，所以carryon的意思是坚持，继续的意思，故答案是A。（4）细节排序题，根据段文内容可知，他们一开始把不同的袜子搭配在一起，然后建立了一个OddSox，再往后建立了独立的Sox，最后把原来的传统坚持了下来，因此正确顺序为4-1-3-2，故答案是C。（5）主旨大意题，根据文章主要讲述了两个孩子，把没有用的袜子重新利用起来的故事，故答案是C。【点评】考查阅读理解，本文涉及到了细节理解题、词义猜测题、细节排序题和主旨大意题。细节理解题比较简单，可直接在短文中找到答案，词义猜测题则需要结合具体语境推测出生词的意思，细节排序题也属于细节理解，只是需要我们按照文章内容去排列指定的细节，主旨大意题需要在充分理解文章的基础上，归纳出文章的中心思想。5.阅读理解Earlierthisyear,Chinaachievedanewmilestone（里程碑）inspaceresearch.OnJanuary3,2019,Chang'e-4becamethefirstlunarprobe（月球探测器）inhistorytosuccessfullylandonthefarsideofthemoon.TheEarth'sgravity（重力）slowsthemoon'srotation（自转），matchingittothespeedofitsorbit（公转）.Therefore,thefarsideofthemoonisalmost"dark"andhasneverbeenseen.It'sthissenseoftheunknownthatmakesthefarsideofthemoonsuchaninterestingplaceforscientificandspaceresearch.Beingblownbysolar（太阳的）winds,thefarsidemayhavethespecialminerals（矿物质）.Forthisreason,Chang'e-4willstudytheeffectofsolarwindsonthelunarsurfaceandanymineralfoundbythespacecraft.Chang'e-4isalsocarryingflowerseeds,potatoesandsilkwormeggstoseewhetherlifeispossibleonthemoon.Ifitis,thenthemoonwillbecomeapossiblechoiceforspacetravelinthefuture.However,researchofthe"dark"sideisn'teasy.Asthefarsideisblocked（阻断）offfromus,radionoisecomingoffEarthisalsoblocked.ThisiswhyChina'srelaysatellite（中继卫星）QueqiaowassentupinMay,2018.ThankstoQueqiao,thecommunicationproblembetweenEarthandChang'e-4hasbeenwellsolved.Powersupply（电源供应）isalsoachallengetothetask.Chang'e-4getsenergyfromthesunthroughitssolarpanels.Asweknow,alunardayhasthelength（长度）of28Earthdays.AfterChang'e-4wassentuponDecember8,2018,ittooktheprobeover20daystoorbitthemoontobeinapositiontobeabletolandinmoondaylightanduseitssolarpanels.Luckily,everything