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本科毕业设计外文文献及译文文献、资料题目:CoolingTowers文献、资料来源:HVACEquipmentandSystems文献、资料发表(出版)日期:院(部):专业:班级:姓名:学号:指导教师:翻译日期:外文资料CoolingTowersIfachillerisusedtoprovidechilledwaterforbuildingairconditioning,thentheheatenergythatisabsorbedthroughthatprocessmustberejected.Thetwomostcommonwaystorejectthermalenergyfromthevaporcompressionprocessareeitherdirectlytotheairorthroughacoolingtower.Inacoolingtower,waterisrecirculatedandevaporativelycooledthroughdirectcontactheattransferwiththeambientair.Thiscooledwatercanthenbeusedtoabsorbandrejectthethermalenergyfromthecondenserofthechiller.ThemostcommoncoolingtowerusedforHVACapplicationsisthemechanicaldraftcoolingtower(Figure4.2.13).Themechanicaldrafttowerusesoneormorefanstoforceairthroughthetower,aheattransfermediaorfillthatbringstherecirculatedwaterintocontactwiththeair,awaterbasin(sump)tocollecttherecirculatedwater,andawaterdistributionsystemtoensureevendispersalofthewaterintothetowerfill.Figure4.2.14showstherelationshipbetweentherecirculatingwaterandairastheyinteractinacounterflowcoolingtower.Theevaporativecoolingprocessinvolvessimultaneousheatandmasstransferasthewatercomesintocontactwiththeatmosphericair.Ideally,thewaterdistributionsystemcausesthewatertosplashoratomizeintosmallerdroplets,increasingthesurfaceareaofwateravailableforheattransfer.Theapproachtothewet-bulbisacommonlyusedindicatoroftowersizeandperformance.Itisdefinedasthetemperaturedifferencebetweenthecoolingwaterleavingthetowerandthewet-bulboftheairenteringthetower.Theoretically,thewaterbeingrecirculatedinatowercouldreachthewetbulbtemperature,butthisdoesnotoccurinactualtoweroperations.FIGURE4.2.14Air/watertemperaturerelationshipinacounterflowcoolingtower.Therangeforachiller/towercombinationisdeterminedbythecondenserthermalloadandthecoolingwaterflowrate,notbythecapacityofthecoolingtower.Therangeisdefinedasthetemperaturedifferencebetweenthewaterenteringthecoolingtowerandthatleaving.Thedriveroftowerperformanceistheambientwet-bulbtemperature.Thelowertheaveragewet-bulbtemperature,the“easier”itisforthetowertoattainthedesiredrange,typically6°C(10°F)forHVACapplications.Thus,inahot,dryclimatetowerscanbesizedsmallerthanthoseinahotandhumidareaforagivenheatload.冲Cool纳ing伟towe畜rsa始rew障idel年yus姿edb环ecau饶set福hey汉allo遣wde屯sign隶ers拾toa洪void谎som肆eco遍mmon墨pro煤blem扔swi钓thr私ejec怀tion策of州heat条fro阳mdi威ffer乒ent姓proc太esse落s.T雕hep国rima庸rya谜dvan昨tage阿of江the椒mech材anic锋ald喉raft降coo孟ling荣tow丙eri横sit算sab扔ilit跳yto启coo踏lwa没ter贸tow彼ithi关n爸3柄–距6°C犯(液5银–障10°F陈)of栋the跳amb将ient咱wet域-bul愿bte袋mper针atur鼓e.T昌his蜂mean准smo显ree异ffic剖ient燃ope补rati麦ono输fth杯eco苗nnec丽ted携chil睡ling抓equ珍ipme夜ntb夫ecau城seo病fim逗prov控ed(持lowe滥r)h倦ead乐pres六sure呀ope百rati漂onw技hich航is访are劣sult贫of桌the倍lowe葛rco蚁nden因sing盗wat林ert育empe欧ratu级res归supp颠lied捕fro脱mth答eto勤wer.景Cool窑ing耐Towe撇rDe按sign希s酸The晌ASHR嫌AES裁yste冶msa肠ndE都quip究ment万Han膝dboo危k(1细996)躬des刺crib栏eso胡ver虑10t雁ypes替of注cool拨ing券towe彻rde降sign唯s.Th排ree扒basi济cco血olin浅gto材wer豪desi冻gns眼are更used父for督mos亮tco悔mmon圾HVA母Cap姓plic宿atio呆ns.挎Base姓dup间ona萝ira灾ndw姓ater非flo厘wdi绒rect粗ion询and舌loca粉tion葬of忧the察fans京,th菜ese停towe隐rsc运anb积ecl蓄assi障fied切as寄coun键terf播low吼indu势ced帆draf渗t,c架ross截flow纤ind于uced息dra歪ft,芬and签coun伪terf赴low袄forc列edd敌raft谷.坐One分comp区onen替tco殖mmon葬to吉all答cool即ing贪towe篇rsi听sth星ehe原att范rans啄fer劳pack肺ing俭mate壶rial捉,or遗fil丙l,i务nsta顽lled蒜bel便owt父hew汽ater奸dis顺trib非utio尝nsy温stem能and退in可the片air咐path锹.Th石etw胜omo荐stc抱ommo斯nfi速lls晃are商spla踪sha翁ndf柜ilm.插Spla枕shf缎ill锐tend熊sto致max务imiz链eth屿esu雀rfac那ear拥eao惭fwa略ter族avai慌labl卡efo取rhe快att柜rans珠fer伟byf愧orci限ngw舍ater添to课brea奸kap例art巾into防sma来ller氧dro增plet巡san生dre纳main璃ent万rain割edi沾nth贿eai奖rst绸ream俗for微al讽onge覆rti嘴me.黎Succ钻essi歉vel阳ayer励sof灶sta赞gger降eds伏plas袋hba聪rsa春rea逃rran泽ged扇thro牵ugh梦whic坏hth嫩ewa雪ter崇isd跌irec推ted.役Fil钟mfi捐lla骗chie在ves近this格eff鸟ect菜byfo汁rcin悬gwa棉ter屑tof诸low瘦int舒hin腥laye障rso跑ver必dens殊ely免pack招edf辩ill栋shee烦tst历hat叫are繁arra愁nged甩for捧ver淘tica冷lfl晃ow.协Towe队rsu争sing锯fil却mty希pef纺ill坟are绵usua骨lly零more环com科pact落for好ag蛮iven喷the忽rmal语loa僻d,a碎nad倒vant皱age五ifs己pace矩for摄the泼tow截ers碍ite农isl涂imit瞧ed.优Spla甜shf夫ill做isn雀ota讲sse消nsit柔ive夹toa撒iro秧rwa响ter诸dist疯ribu漂tion闸pro喇blem稼san睡dpe育rfor余msb婶ette属rwh电ere酱wate格rqu定alit愿yis输so典poor略tha包tex些cess雕ive门depo袋sits晌in徒the弹fill身mat缩eria杆lar拿ea厚prob移lem.誓Coun刺terf达low角Indu赢ced迫Draf嘴t陆Air遥ina乔cou善nter哈flow坦ind父uced锤dra舍ftc境ooli焰ngt唯ower渣is签draw躁nth历roug锡hth贸eto挤wer无bya糟fan贼or难fans拖loc啄ated壶at轰the香top哲oft坚het针ower俩.Th腾eai鹊ren稿ters远the膀tow妻era端tlo劳uver躬sin闲the鞭bas在ean眠dth垂enc明omes盟int睬oco查ntac弹twi老thw芹ater偶tha严tis皂dis冬trib另uted壮fro衬mba垦sins谁at向the例top从oft细het帅ower安.Th婶us,雹the贴rela病tive浆dir陶ecti兽ons抢are督coun期ter河(dow矮nfo瓣rth数ewa伤ter,盖up秧for即the貌air)额in氏this停con归figu定rati鞠on.赶This滩arr贩ange泉ment楚iss缝hown小in呜Figu肾re4插.2.1止5.I阳nth委isc录onfi乔gura著tion亩,th藏ete庆mper鬼atur伤eof穗the茧wat止erd被ecre更ases霉as型itf其alls窃dow烂nth滩roug推hth亿eco认unte善rflo细wing便air摇,an醉dth缝eai介ris避hea转ted那and河humi登difi财ed.钓Drop即lets原of吧wate澡rth务atm攀ight爹hav凑ebe喇ene嚷ntra悠ined蒸in慕the社air析stre丝ama苍rec啊augh均tat娘the帝dri繁fte雹limi丽nato伐rsa蚊ndr迁etur透ned并tot普hes诸ump.震Air筋and虏som舱eca罪rryo烦ver西drop泛lets苍are凑eje齿cted询thr图ough斥th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