国际象棋开局库(学习资料)

PAGEPAGE7国际象棋开局库（内部资料，请勿外传）俗话说：“良好的开端是成功的一半。”——开局的重要性不言而喻。本开局库分为正变和陷阱变例两类，每位小棋手都应该非常熟悉。对于劣着（带“？”的着法），己方应该尽可能避免，而一旦对方走出劣着，则要很敏锐地抓住对方的失误，引导棋局走向胜利。开局库应该是发展的，要学会理解与掌握，调整与变化，积累与建构。如果你执先走王兵，你必须了解七种开局体系：对王兵体系（包括苏格兰开局、意大利体系、西班牙开局和俄罗斯防御）、西西里防御、法兰西防御、卡罗康防御、斯堪的纳维亚防御、比尔茨防御、阿廖欣防御。对于常见的对王兵体系、法兰西防御、卡罗康防御和西西里防御，更要深入研究几种变例。如果你执先走后兵，你必须主要掌握两大系列的开局体系：对后兵与王翼马。前者主要包括斯拉夫防御、接受后翼弃兵、剑桥防御、正统防御等，后者主要包括古印度防御、新印度防御、尼姆佐维奇防御、格林菲尔德防御、别诺尼防御、卡塔龙开局等。此外，还要了解一下荷兰防御。执先的优势在于你拥有先行之利，而执黑的好处则在于你更有可能控制开局的体系。如果你执黑，则要考虑对付王兵主要走什么，对付后兵主要走什么，确定后要深入研究。请选择你可能用到的所有开局，用心研究，保证自己在开局阶段不会吃亏。每天都下棋、做杀法、做战术、做残局、打开局棋谱，则你的棋艺一定会突飞猛进！！下棋是“慢的艺术”！！（开局结束以后）苏格兰开局(1)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.d4exd44.Nxd4Bc55.Nxc6Qf66.Qd2dxc67.Bd3Be68.0–00–0–0（正变之争夺中心变例一）(2)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.d4exd44.Nxd4Bc55.Be3Qf66.c3Nge77.Bc4Ne58.Be2Qg69.0–0d510.exd5Bh311.Bf30–0–0（正变之争夺中心变例二）(3)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.d4exd44.Nxd4Nf65.Nxc6bxc66.Bd3d57.exd5cxd58.0–0Be79.Nc30–010.Bg5d411.Nb5（正变之米塞斯变例一）(4)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.d4exd44.Nxd4Qh45.Nb5Qxe4+6.Be2Kd87.0–0a68.Nd2Qe89.Nc3（正变之斯坦尼茨变例一）(5)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.d4exd44.Nxd4Qh45.Nb5Qxe4+6.Be2Qxg2？7.Bf3Qh38.Nxc7+Kd89.Nxa8b610.Nc3Bb7（陷阱之斯坦尼茨变例一）(6)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.d4exd44.Nxd4Qh45.Nb5Qxe4+6.Be2Bd6？7.Qxd6cxd68.Nxd6+Ke79.Nxe4（陷阱之斯坦尼茨变例二）(7)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.d4exd44.Nxd4Qh45.Nb5Qxe4+6.Be2Bd6？7.Qxd6Qxe2+8.Kxe2cxd69.Nc7+Kd810.Nxa8（陷阱之斯坦尼茨变例三）(8)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.d4exd44.Nxd4Bc55.Be3Nf6？6.Nxc6bxc67.Bxc5Nxe48.Qe2d59.f3Ba610.Qe3Bxf111.Rxf1Qh4+12.g3Qxh213.fxe4（陷阱之争夺中心变例一）(9)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.d4exd44.Nxd4Bc55.Be3Qf66.c3Nge77.Bc4Ne58.Be2Qg69.0–0Qxe4？10.Nb5Qc611.Bxc5Qxc512.Qd4Qxd413.cxd4N5c614.Nxc7+Kd815.Nxa8Nxd416.Nc3（陷阱之争夺中心变例二）法兰西防御(1)1.e4e62.d4d53.e5c54.c3Nc65.Nf3Qb66.Be2cxd47.cxd4Nge78.Na3Nf59.Nc2Be710.Rb10–011.0–0（正变之斯坦尼茨方案）(2)1.e4e62.d4d53.exd5exd54.Bd3Nc65.Ne2Bd66.c3Qh47.g3Qh58.Nf4Qxd1+9.Kxd1Bg4+10.Kc20–0–011.Re1Nf6（正变之兑换变例）(3)1.e4e62.d4d53.Nc3Bb44.e5c55.a3Bxc3+6.bxc3Ne77.Qg40–08.Bd3Nbc69.Qh5Ng610.Nh3Qa511.Bd2c412.Be2Rb813.Ng5h6（正变之尼姆佐维奇方案一）(4)1.e4e62.d4d53.Nc3Bb44.e5c55.a3Bxc3+6.bxc3Ne77.a4Nbc68.Nf3Qa59.Bd2c410.g3Bd711.Bg2Nd812.0–0Bxa413.Ra30–014.Qa1b5（正变之尼姆佐维奇方案二）(5)1.e4e62.d4d53.Nd2c54.exd5exd55.Ngf3Nf66.Bb5+Bd77.Bxd7+Nbxd78.0–0Be79.dxc5Nxc510.Nb3Nce411.Nfd40–012.Nf5Re8（正变之塔拉什方案）(6)1.e4e62.d4d53.e5c54.c3Nc65.Nf3Qb66.Bd3cxd47.cxd4Nxd4？8.Nxd4Qxd4？？9.Bb5+Bd710.Bxd7+Kxd711.Qxd4（陷阱之斯坦尼茨方案）卡罗康防御(1)1.e4c62.d4d53.Nc3dxe44.Nxe4Bf55.Ng3Bg66.h4h67.h5Bh78.Nf3Nd79.Bd3Bxd310.Qxd3Qc711.Bd2e612.0–0–00–0–013.Ne4Ngf614.g3Nxe415.Qxe4Nf6（正变之坚持中心变例）(2)1.e4c62.d4d53.e5Bf54.Nf3e65.Be2c56.0–0Nc67.c3cxd48.cxd4Nge79.Nc3Ng610.h3Nh411.Nxh4Qxh4(3)1.e4c62.d4d53.exd5cxd54.c4Nf65.Nc3e66.Nf3Bb47.cxd5Nxd58.Bd2Nc69.Bb50–010.0–0（正变之兑换变例）西西里防御(1)主变：1.e4c52.Nf3…（略）。主要有纳道尔夫变例、现代续着变例、古典续着变例（保尔逊变例）、什维宁根变例、龙式防御等。(2)1.e4c52.c3d53.exd5Qxd54.d4Nf65.Nf3e66.Be2Be77.0–00–08.Be3Ng49.Bf4Nc610.h3Nf611.Be3Rd812.Qc2cxd413.cxd4（正变之阿拉平变例）(3)1.e4c52.Nc3Nc63.g3g64.Bg2Bg75.d3d66.Nge2e67.Be3Nd48.0–0Ne79.f4Rb810.Rb1Nec611.a3Qa512.Bd2Qc7（正变之封闭式变例）意大利开局(1)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.Bc4Bc54.c3Nf65.d4exd46.cxd4Bb4+7.Bd2Bxd2+8.Nbxd2d59.exd5Nxd510.Qb3Nce711.0–00–012.Rfe1c613.a4Qb6（正变之兑象变例）(2)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.Bc4Bc54.c3Nf65.d4exd46.cxd4Bb4+7.Nc3Nxe48.0–0Bxc39.d5Bf610.Re1Ne711.Rxe4d612.Bg5Bxg513.Nxg50–014.Nxh7Bf515.Rh4（正变之弃兵变例）(3)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.Bc4Bc54.c3Nf65.d4exd46.cxd4Bb4+7.Nc3Nxe48.0–0Nxc39.bxc3Bxc310.Qb3Bxa111.Bxf7+Kf812.Bg5Ne713.Ne5Bxd414.Bg6d515.Qf3+Bf516.Bxf5Bxe517.Be6+Bf618.Bxf6Ke819.Bxg7Qd620.Qf7+Kd821.Bxh8（陷阱之一）(4)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.Bc4Bc54.c3Nf65.d4exd46.cxd4Bb4+7.Bd2Bxd2+8.Nbxd2d59.exd5Nxd510.Qb3Nce711.0–00–012.Rfe1Re8？13.Bxd5（陷阱之二）双马防御(1)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.Bc4Nf64.Ng5d55.exd5Na56.Bb5+c67.dxc6bxc68.Be2h69.Nf3e410.Ne5Bd611.d4exd312.Nxd3Qc713.h30–014.0–0Rb8（正变之马象联攻法）(2)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.Bc4Nf64.d4exd45.e5d56.Bb5Ne47.Nxd4Bd78.Bxc6bxc69.0–0Bc510.Be30–011.f3Ng5（正变之打开中心法一）(3)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.Bc4Nf64.d4exd45.0–0Nxe46.Re1d57.Bxd5Qxd58.Nc3Qa59.Nxe4Be610.Neg50–0–011.Nxe6fxe612.Rxe6Bd6（正变之打开中心法二）(4)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.Bc4Nf64.Ng5d55.exd5Nxd5？6.Nxf7Kxf77.Qf3+Ke68.Nc3Ncb49.Bb3c610.a3Na611.0–0（陷阱之一）(5)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.Bc4Nf64.Ng5d55.exd5Na56.Bb5+c67.dxc6bxc68.Ba4？h69.Nf3e410.Ne5？？Qd4（陷阱之二）西班牙开局(1)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.Bb5a64.Bxc6dxc65.0–0Bg46.h3h57.d3Qf68.Nbd2Bd69.Re1Be6（正变之兑换变例）(2)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.Bb5a64.Ba4d65.c3Bd76.d4Nf67.0–0Be78.Nbd20–09.Re1b510.Bc2Re8（正变之改进的斯坦尼茨防御）(3)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.Bb5a64.Bxc6dxc65.0–0Bg46.h3h57.hxg4？hxg48.Nxe5？Qh49.f3g310.Re1Qh1#（陷阱之一）(4)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.Bb5a64.Bxc6dxc65.0–0Bg46.h3h57.d3Qf68.Nbd20–0–0？9.hxg4hxg410.Nh2Qh411.Qxg4+（陷阱之二）(5)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.Bb5a64.Bxc6dxc65.0–0Bg46.h3h57.d3Qf68.Nbd2Bc59.Re10–0–010.hxg4？hxg411.Nh2Qxf2+12.Kh1Rxh2+13.Kxh2Qh4#（陷阱之三）(6)1.e4e52.Nf3Nc63.Bb5a64.Ba4d65.d4b56.Bb3Nxd47.Nxd4exd48.Qxd4？c59.Qd5Be610.Qc6+Bd711.Qd5c4（陷阱之四）俄罗斯防御(1)1.e4e52.Nf3Nf63.d4Nxe44.Bd3d55.Nxe5Nd76.Nf3Ndf67.0–0Be78.c4c69.Nc30–010.Re1Bf511.Ne5Nxc312.bxc3Bxd313.Qxd3dxc414.Qxc4Qd515.Rb1Rab8（正变之一）(2)1.e4e52.Nf3Nf63.d4exd44.e5Ne45.Qxd4d56.exd6Nxd67.Bd3Nc68.Qf4g69.Nc3Bg710.Be30–011.0–0–0Be612.h4（正变之二）(3)1.e4e52.Nf3Nf63.Nxe5d64.Nf3Nxe45.Qe2Qe76.d3Nf67.Bg5Qxe2+8.Bxe2Be79.Nc3c610.0–0–0Na611.Rhe1Nc712.Bf1Ne613.Bh4h614.Ne4Nh515.Bxe7Kxe716.d4d517.Nc5Kd618.Nd3Nf619.c3（正变之三）(4)1.e4e52.Nf3Nf63.Nxe5d64.Nf3Nxe45.d4d56.Bd3Be77.0–0Nc68.c4Nb49.Be20–010.Nc3Be611.cxd5Nxc312.bxc3Nxd513.Bd2（正变之四）斯堪的纳维亚防御(1)1.e4d52.exd5Qxd53.Nc3Qa54.d4Nf65.Nf3Bg46.h3Bh57.g4Bg68.Ne5e69.Bg2c610.Qe2Bb411.0–0Bxc312.Nc4Qb413.bxc3Qxc314.Bd2Qxd415.Rfd10–0（正变一）比尔茨防御(1)1.e4d62.d4Nf63.Nc3g64.f4Bg75.Nf30–06.Bd3Nc67.e5dxe58.fxe5Nh59.Be3Bg410.Be2f611.exf6exf612.0–0（正变一）阿廖欣防御(1)1.e4Nf62.e5Nd53.d4d64.Nf3Bg45.Be2Nc66.0–0e67.c4Nb68.exd6cxd69.Nc3Be710.d5Na511.Qd4Bxf312.Bxf3e513.Qg40–0（正变一）斯拉夫防御(1)1.d4d52.c4c63.cxd5cxd54.Nf3Nf65.Nc3Nc66.Bf4e67.e3Be78.Bd30–09.h3Bd710.0–0Qb611.Qe2Rfc8（正变之兑换变例）(2)1.d4d52.c4c63.Nf3Nf64.Nc3dxc45.a4Bf56.e3e67.Bxc4Bb48.0–00–09.Qe2Nbd710.e4Bg611.Bd3Bh512.e5Nd5（正变之阿廖欣方案一）(3)1.d4d52.c4c63.Nf3Nf64.Nc3dxc45.a4Bf56.Ne5e67.f3Bb48.e4Bxe49.fxe4Nxe410.Bd2Qxd411.Nxe4Qxe4+12.Qe2Bxd2+13.Kxd2Qd5+14.Kc2Na615.Nxc40–0（正变之阿廖欣方案二）(3)1.d4d52.c4c63.Nf3Nf64.Nc3dxc45.e4b56.e5Nd57.a4e68.axb5Nxc39.bxc3cxb510.Ng5Bb711.Qh5g612.Qg4Be713.Be2Nd714.Bf3Bxf315.Qxf30–0（正变之弃兵变例）(4)1.d4d52.c4c63.Nf3Nf64.Nc3e65.Bg5dxc46.e4b57.e5h68.Bh4g59.Nxg5hxg510.Bxg5Nbd711.g3Bb712.Bg2Qb613.exf60–0–014.0–0c515.d5b416.Na4Qb5（正变之鲍特维尼克变例）(5)1.d4d52.c4c63.Nf3Nf64.Nc3e65.e3Nbd76.Bd3dxc47.Bxc4b58.Bd3a69.e4c510.e5cxd411.Nxb5axb512.exf6Qb613.fxg7Bxg714.0–0Bb715.Re10–016.Bf4Rfc8（正变之米兰体系一）(6)1.d4d52.c4c63.Nf3Nf64.Nc3e65.e3Nbd76.Bd3dxc47.Bxc4b58.Bd3Bb79.0–0b410.Ne4Be711.Nxf6+Nxf612.e40–013.e5Nd714.Be4f5（正变之米兰体系二）(7)1.d4d52.c4c63.Nf3Nf64.Nc3dxc45.a4Bf56.Ne5e67.f3Bb48.e4Bxe49.fxe4Nxe410.Qf3？Qxd411.Qxf7+Kd812.Qxg7？？Bxc3+13.bxc3Qf2+14.Kd1Nxc3#（陷阱之阿廖欣方案）剑桥防御(1)1.d4d52.c4e63.Nc3Nf64.Bg5Nbd75.Nf3c66.e3Qa57.Nd2Bb48.Qc2dxc49.Bxf6Nxf610.Nxc4Qc711.a3Be712.g30–013.Bg2Bd714.0–0c5（正变之一）(2)1.d4d52.c4e63.Nc3Nf64.Bg5Nbd75.Nf3c66.e3Qa57.cxd5Nxd58.Qd2Bb49.Rc10–010.a3Bxc311.bxc3Qxa312.e4N5b613.Bd3h614.Bh4c515.0–0c416.Ra1Qd617.Bc2a5（正变之二）(3)1.d4d52.c4e63.Nc3Nf64.Bg5Nbd75.cxd5exd56.Nxd5？Nxd57.Bxd8Bb4+8.Qd2Bxd2+9.Kxd2Kxd8（陷阱之一）接受后翼弃兵(1)1.d4d52.c4dxc43.Nf3Nf64.e3e65.Bxc4c56.0–0a67.Qe2b58.Bb3Bb79.Rd1Nbd710.Nc3Qb811.e4cxd412.Nxd4Bd613.g30–014.f4(正变一)(2)1.d4d52.c4dxc43.Nf3c64.e3b55.a4Qb66.axb5cxb57.b3cxb38.Qxb3b49.Qd5！Bb710.Bb5+Bc611.Ne5e612.Qf3！！f613.Bxc6+Nxc614.Qh5+g615.Nxg6（陷阱一）(3)1.d4d52.c4dxc43.Nf3a64.e3b55.a4Bb76.axb5axb57.Rxa8Bxa88.b3e69.bxc4bxc410.Ne5c5？？11.Qa4+Bc612.Nxc6Qd713.Qa8！（陷阱二）(4)1.d4d52.c4dxc43.Nf3b54.a4c65.axb5cxb56.e3e67.Ne5f6？8.Qh5+g69.Nxg6（陷阱三）古印度防御(1)主要变化（略）。（包括四兵攻击、吉米士攻击、古典体系、南斯拉夫变例等）(2)1.d4Nf62.c4g63.Nc3Bg74.e4d65.Nf30–06.Bg5c57.d5Qb68.Qb3Qxb39.axb3Na610.Be2Nb411.0–0h612.Bd2Nc2（正变之阿维尔巴赫变例）(3)1.d4Nf62.c4g63.Nc3Bg74.e4d65.Nf30–06.Bg5e5？7.dxe5dxe58.Qxd8Rxd89.Nd5Nbd710.Rd1Rf811.Nxc7Rb812.Nd5Nxd513.cxd5（陷阱之阿维尔巴赫变例）新印度防御(1)1.d4Nf62.c4e63.Nf3b64.g3Bb75.Bg2Be76.0–00–07.Nc3Ne48.Qc2Nxc39.Qxc3c510.Rd1d611.b3Bf612.Bb2（正变一）(2)1.d4Nf62.c4e63.Nf3b64.g3Ba65.b3Bb4+6.Bd2Be77.Bg2c68.Bc3d59.Ne5Nfd710.Nxd7Nxd711.0–00–012.Nd2Rc813.e4c514.exd5exd515.dxc5dxc416.c6cxb317.Re1b218.Bxb2Nc5（正变二）尼姆佐维奇防御(1)1.d4Nf62.c4e63.Nc3Bb44.Qc2d55.a3Bxc3+6.Qxc3Ne47.Qc2c58.dxc5Nc69.e3Qa5+10.Bd2Nxd211.Qxd2dxc412.Bxc4Qxc513.Rc1Qg514.f4Qh4+15.Qf2Qxf2+16.Kxf2Ke717.Nf3Bd7（正变之古典变例一）(2)1.d4Nf62.c4e63.Nc3Bb44.Qc2c55.dxc50–06.a3Bxc57.Nf3Nc68.b4Be79.e3b610.Bb2Bb711.Bd3Rc812.0–0h613.Rfd1（正变之古典变例二）格林菲尔德防御(1)1.d4Nf62.c4g63.Nc3d54.cxd5Nxd55.e4Nxc36.bxc3Bg77.Bc4c58.Ne2cxd49.cxd4Nc610.Be30–011.0–0Bg412.f3Na513.Bd3Be614.Rc1Bxa215.Qa4Bb316.Qb4b617.Bg5f618.Bf4e519.Be3exd420.Nxd4Bf721.Bb5