中国湿地保护投资机制

鄱阳湖纪伟涛摄中国湿地保护投资机制

InvestingandFinancingSystemofWetlandConservationinChina温亚利YaliWen北京林业大学经济管理学院CollegeofEconomicManagement,BFU教授Professor副院长ViceDean

主要内容

Contents一、中国湿地保护投入机制的现状ThesituationofwetlandconservationinvestmentsysteminChina二、中国湿地保护投融资机制的发展方向

ThedevelopingtrendofwetlandconservationinvestmentsystemThesituationofwetlandconservationinvestmentsysteminChina1、中国湿地保护的背景ThebackgroundofwetlandconservationinChina国家和社会越来越重视湿地生态保护Moreattentionbeingpaidbythegovernmentandsocietyonthewetlandconservation公共财政投入不足

Shortageofpublicfinance社会经济环境压力越来越大

Facingincreasingpressurefromeconomicdevelopmentandpopulation

保护与利用的冲突较大Theconflictsbetweenconservationandutilizationarestillserious政策及法律体系不完善

Thelegalandpolicysystemsaretobeimproved。一、中国湿地保护投入机制的现状一、中国湿地保护投入机制的现状ThesituationofwetlandconservationinvestmentsysteminChina2、中国湿地保护投入的总体政策

Generalwetlandconservationinvestmentpolicy

政府投入为主，鼓励社会参与湿地保护，积极参与和利用国际湿地保护项目及相关投资机制，以湿地保护区和湿地生态保护工程为投入重点，不断提高湿地保护的投入水平。

Thegovernmentalinvestmentisthemainapproach.Whilethepublicandlocalcommunitiesareencouragedtoparticipateinwetlandconservation.AlsobyimprovingcooperationwithotherNGOswithmoreprojectinvestment，theconstructionofwetlandnaturereserveandtheimplementationofwetlandecologicalengineeringbecomethecoreofwetlandconservation，toincreaseamountofinvestment，stepbystep.一、中国湿地保护投入机制的现状ThesituationofwetlandconservationinvestmentsysteminChina3、中国湿地保护投入渠道InvestingChannels湿地保护wetlandconservation(WC)湿地保护专项资金WCspecialbudget相关生态工程建设资金Relevantecologicalprojectconstructionbudget湿地保护区建设资金WNRconstructionbudget湿地生态工程建设资金WCeco-engineeringconstructionbudget国际湿地保护项目Internationalwetlandconservationproject社会资金投入Socialinvestment中央和地方政府投入Centralandlocalgovernments’investment社会捐赠资金Socialdonation商业性融资Commercialfinancing国外政府Foreigngovernment国际组织InternationalNGO一、中国湿地保护投入机制的现状3、中国湿地保护投入渠道

InvestingChannelsSixexamplesThesituationofwetlandconservationinvestmentsysteminChina例1、湿地保护专项资金

Exp.1Special

WetlandconservationBudget“三江三湖”污染治理项目资金投入表

investmentforwaterpollutioncontrol名称Nameofactivity

投入计算时间Timeperiod投入资金（亿）Investment(ahundredmillionyuan)备注(memo)海河(HaiRiver)63年至今From1963tonow350中央投入160亿，地方投入190亿Thecentralgovernmentinvestmentwas16billionyuan.Thelocalwas19billionsyuan.辽河(LiaoRiver)“九五期间”“Nine5”period48.12淮河(HuaiRiver)94年至今From1994tonow255.9巢湖(ChaoLake)“九五期间”“Nine5”period23.45国债资金2.43亿Including24300millionyuannationaldebtbudget太湖(TaiLake)截至2001年Till2001120滇池(TianLake)93年至今From1993tonow77.991996-2003，利用世行贷款1.5亿美金From1996to2003,1500milliondollarwasused.资料来源:”三江三湖“治理十五规划例2、湿地保护工程资金投入

Exp2

wetlandconservationprojectbudget名称Project投入计算时间Timeperiod投入资金（亿）Investment(hundredmillionyuan)备注source退耕还湖工程Conversionoffarmlandtolake109国家投入centralgovernment鄱阳湖退耕还湖工程conversionoffarmlandtolakeinthePoyangLakearea1998-200235.32国家投入centralgovernment塔里木河综合治理工程integratedTalimRiverHarnessing2001-170国家投入centralgovernment三江源综合湿地保护integratedSanjiangyuanwetlandconservation75国家计划投入Plannedinvestmentbythegovernment湿地生态工程资金投入表Table2Budgetinvestedonwetlandconservationprojects资料来源:根据相关工程资料项目name数量（个）Number(unit)面积（万km2）Area(tenthouandkm2)总计（亿元）Total(millionyuan)国家投入（亿元）Fromcentralgovernment(millionyuan)地方投入（亿元）Fromlocalgovernment(millionyuan)湿地生态系统保护区Wetlandeco-systemNR300601050084002100湿地生态系统保护及示范区Wetlandeco-systemdemonstratedareas17042.091050082802220合计total470102.0921000166804320资料来源：全国林业系统自然保护区建设工程总体规划，数据为2000年之前的合计情况例3、湿地保护区和湿地生态示范区建设资金投入

Exp3Investmentonwetlandnaturereserveandwetlandecologicaldemonstrateareas国家湿地保护区基本建设投入表Investmentinnationalwetlandnaturereserveforinfrastructure例4、湿地保护相关生态工程资金投入

Exp.4,Investmentinrelevantecologicalprojects年份year小计total天保工程NFPP退耕还林ACF京津治沙SCP重点防护林ShelterbeltP草原建设GR水土保持WSC200211.420.84.31.61.860.81.36200110+1.94.211.135NANA200010+1.272NA0.443NA1.238199910.83.33NA0.50.73NA1.048我国生态环境建设国家基本投资建设表

单位：亿元Investmentinnationalecologicalprojectsforprimaryconstruction(billionyuan)资料来源：中国国民经济发展白皮书（2000-2003）例5、湿地保护社会捐赠资金投入Exp.5Socialdonationforwetlandconservation1999-2001年全国保护母亲河行动直接收到的筹资4500多万元，其中海外筹资1250多万元。

From1999to2001,apublicactivitynamedasprotectingtheYellowRivergatheredmorethan45millionyuan,includingforeigndonation12.5mln

R.M.B.yuan.

在湿地保护和恢复中,当地社区投工投劳是较普遍的社会参与湿地保护活动.Thecommonwayoflocalcommunityparticipatinginwetlandconservationisthatfarmersinputtheirlaborwithoutpaymentsfromprojectsandactivities.例6、湿地保护国际项目资金投入

Exp.6InvestmentinwetlandconservationfromInternationalProject项目名称NameofProject国际组织Nameoforganization投入计算时间Timeperiod投入资金（万美元）Amountofinvestment(tenthousandsUSd.)中国湿地生物多样性保护与可持续利用(WetlandBiodiversityconservationandsustainableuseinChina)UNDP/GEF1168.9白鹤GEF项目GEFSiberianCraneProjectUNEP/GEF400三江平原湿地保护项目SanjiangPlainwetlandconservationprojectADB/GEF2005-20092746长江湿地保护项目YangtzeRiverWetlandProtectionProjectWWF/BGCI/Earthwatch50001一些国际组织湿地保护项目投入表Someinternationalorganizations’investmentinwetlandconservationinChina注1：为中国长江等三大河流的项目资金总数。注2：数据由相关资料统计合成一、中国湿地保护投入机制的现状4、中国湿地保护投入的成效AchievementsandresultsofwetlandconservationinChina政府投入产生了显著的引导作用Governmentalinvestmentplaysanotabledemonstratingrole重点湿地得到有效保护keywetlandseffectivelyprotected.ThesituationofwetlandconservationinvestmentsysteminChina4、中国湿地保护投入的成效AchievementsandresultsofwetlandconservationinChina湿地生态破坏得到了有效控制Thedestructiononwetlandecologyisundercontrol.湿地保护区快速发展Wetlandnaturereserveshavebeendevelopedrapidly.初步建立起湿地保护投入体系Theelementarywetlandconservationinvestmentsystemhasbeensetup.

1999-2003湿地保护区数量和面积变化情况Thechangeofnumberandareaofwetlandnaturereservesfrom1999to2003inChina湿地自然保护区Wetlandnaturereserve1999年Year19992003年Year2003数量（个）Number(unit)262353面积（公顷）Area(hm2)1662331940200000一、中国湿地保护投入机制的现状5、中国湿地保护投入机制的特点CharacteristicsofwetlandconservationinvestmentsysteminChina投入总量不断增加

Grossinvestmentkeepsincreasing.政府投入为主Governmentalinvestmentisthemajorapproach.投入的重点是保护区和湿地保护生态工程

Majorofinvestmentspentonnaturereserveandecologicalconservationprojects.ThesituationofwetlandconservationinvestmentsysteminChina5、中国湿地保护投入机制的特点CharacteristicsofwetlandconservationinvestmentsysteminChina多部门投入增加了投入资金的来源

Inputsfrommultipledepartmentsandagenciesenlargeinvestmentsources.与湿地保护相关的生态投入巨大Theinvestmentinecologicalconservationrelevantwithwetlandconservationishuge.国际湿地保护项目成为有效的保护资金来源Internationalwetlandconservationprojectbecomesaneffectivewayofinvestingwetlandconservation.商业机构开始介入湿地保护和可持续利用Somecommercialagenciesstarttobeinvolvedinwetlandprotectionandsustainableuse.一、中国湿地保护投入机制的现状6、湿地保护投入机制存在的主要问题Majorproblemsexistedincurrentwetlandconservationinvestmentsystem相对湿地保护事业发展投入总量不足Thegrossinvestmentisstillnotenough.投入不均衡Theinvestmentisunbalanced.渠道不稳定Investmentchannelsarenotstable.资金投入分散，缺乏有效协调机制，资金使用效率相对较低Investmentisfragmentary.Absenceofeffectivecoordinationmechanismcausesrelativelylowefficiencyoffundusing.社会资本进入湿地保护的政策保障体系不完善Securitysystemforensuringsocialcapitalflowingintowetlandconservationistobeimproved.与湿地保护相适应的生态补偿机制不健全Ecologicalcompensationsystemadaptivetowetlandconservationisnotperfect.ThesituationofwetlandconservationinvestmentsysteminChina一、中国湿地保护投入机制的现状时期Timeperiod投资总额Investment占国内生产重ProportionofGDP生态环境基本建设投入Investmentonecologicalinfrastructure“九五”Ninth5yearplan3460.93%34“八五”Eighth5yearplan1380.73%3.65“九五”与“八五”生态环境建设投入比较表单位：亿元Comparativetableofecologicalinvestmentbetweenninth5yearplanandeighth5yearplanunit:billionyuan资料来源：中国国民经济发展白皮书（2000-2003）ThesituationofwetlandconservationinvestmentsysteminChina一、中国湿地保护投入机制的现状林业六大工程投入资金表InvestmentonsiximportantforestryecologicalengineeringThesituationofwetlandconservationinvestmentsysteminChina年度Timeperiod总投资（A,十亿元）TotalInvestment国家投资（B,十亿元）Fromcentralgovernment（B,billionyuan）国家投资所占比例(%)ProportionofBtoA(%)截至2003年By200394.6779.01283资料来源：国家林业局网站二、中国湿地保护投融资机制的发展方向1、建立政府湿地保护公共财政体系Settingupapublicfinancesystemforwetlandconservation以中央和地方公共财政预算投入为基础，加大投入Basedonthegovernmentbudget,investmentinwetlandconservationshallbeincreased.以保护区和保护工程为重点，全面支持湿地保护活动的开展thepublicbudgetshouldfocusonnaturereserveandwetlandecologicalprojectstosupportwetlandconservationefforts.ThedevelopingtrendofChina

wetlandconservationinvestmentsystem公共财政主要投入领域图Majorinvestmentareasbasedonthewetlandpublicbudget二、中国湿地保护投融资机制的发展方向ThedevelopingtrendofChina

wetlandconservationinvestmentsystem湿地公共财政预算所投入的主要领域Majorinvestmentareas生态工程建设EcologicalProject开展宣教活动PublicAwarenessEducation生态补偿EcologicalCompensation保护区建设NatureReserve

科学研究和监测ResearchandMonitoring二、中国湿地保护投融资机制的发展方向2、统筹规划协调各个部门投入的资金使用，提高利用效率

Establishingcooperativemechanismofinvestmentamongdifferentgovernmentdepartmentsandagencies,toimprovetheefficiencyofusingthefund.制定国家湿地保护战略规划

Developingthenationalwetlandconservationstrategicplan

ThedevelopingtrendofChina

wetlandconservationinvestmentsystem建立部门间湿地保护投入协调机制Establishinginter-agencycoordinatingmechanismofinvestment制定国家湿地保护战略规划Developingthenationalwetlandconservationstrategicplan建立湿地保护投入协调机Establishinginter-agencycoordinatingmechanismofinvestment中央财政投入Centralfinancialinput地方财政投入Localfinancialinput各级地方政府Localgovernment各相关部局RelevantMinistriesanddepartments社会投