TZSA 170-2023 商用车燃料电池发动机技术条件

ICS27.070CCSK82团 体 标 准T/ZSA170—2023商用车燃料电池发动机技术条件Technicalspecificationoffuelcellenginesforcommercialvehicle2023-11-01发布 2023-11-02实施中关村标准化协会 发布T/ZSA170—2023T/ZSA170—2023PAGE\*ROMANPAGE\*ROMANIII目 次前 言 III范围 1规范性引用文件 1术语和定义 1系统边界 3一般要求 4外观结构要求 4通用安全要求 4性能要求 4起动特性 4额定功率 5峰值功率 5动态响应特性 5稳态特性 5高温运行特性 5动态平均效率特性试验 5氢气排放要求 5噪声 5气密性要求 5绝缘电阻 6质量比功率 6振动性能 6防水防尘 6非金属材料阻燃要求 6试验方法 6通用试验条件 6起动特性试验 8额定功率试验 8峰值功率试验 8动态响应试验 9稳态特性试验 9高温特性试验 9动态平均效率特性试验 9氢气排放试验 9噪声试验 9气密性试验 9绝缘（静态）试验 9质量比功率试验 9振动试验 9防水防尘试验 10非金属材料阻燃试验 10标志、包装、贮存、文件 108.1标志 108.2包装 118.3贮存 118.4文件 12附录A常见的计算公式 13附录B动态平均功率试验数据处理 14前 言本文件按照GB/T1.1—20201草。本文件由中关村标准化协会汽车新技术分技术委员会提出并归口。本文件起草单位：北京亿华通科技股份有限公司、北京聚兴华通氢能科技有限公司、亿氢科技（北京T/ZSA170—2023T/ZSA170—2023PAGEPAGE1商用车燃料电池发动机技术条件本文件规定了商用车燃料电池发动机的系统边界、一般要求、性能要求、试验方法和标志、包装、贮存、文件。本文件适用于装载在商用车上的质子交换膜燃料电池发动机，其他类型车辆可参照执行。规范性引用文件（包括所有的修改单适用于本文件。GB/T191—2008 包装储运图示标志GB/T1859.4—2017 往复式内燃机声压法声功率级的测定第4部分：使用标准声源简易法GB/T2408—2021 塑料燃烧性能的测定水平法和垂直法GB/T2893.2—2020 图形符号安全色和安全标志第2部分：产品安全标签的设计原则GB/T2894-2008 安全标志及其使用导则GB/T3836.1—2021 爆炸性环境第1部分：设备通用要求GB/T4026—2019 人机界面标志标识的基本和安全规则设备端子、导体终端和导体的标识GB/T4208—2017 外壳防护等级（IP代码）GB/T8170—2008 数值修约规则与极限数值的表示和判定GB/T16935.1—2008 低压系统内设备的绝缘配合第1部分：原理、要求和试验GB/T17045—2020 电击防护装置和设备的通用部分GB18384—2020 电动汽车安全要求GB/T18411—2018 机动车产品标牌GB/T20042.1—2017 质子交换膜燃料电池第1部分：术语GB/T24548—2009 燃料电池电动汽车术语GB/T24554—2022 燃料电池发动机性能试验方法GB/T25319—2010 汽车用燃料电池发电系统技术条件GB/T28046.3—2011 道路车辆电气及电子设备的环境条件和试验第3部分：机械负荷GB/T35178—2017 燃料电池电动汽车氢气消耗量测量方法GB/T37154—2018 燃料电池电动汽车整车氢气排放测试方法术语和定义GB/T20042.1—2017、GB/T24548—2009、GB/T25319—2009规定的以下术语和定义适用于本文件。T/ZSA170—20233.1T/ZSA170—20233.1PAGEPAGE2工况 workconditions燃料电池发动机的工作状态，以净输出功率标定工况。[来源：GB/T25319—2010，3.1.1，有修改]3.2额定工况 ratedconditions制造商用于标定燃料电池发动机按100%净输出功率规定的工况。[来源：GB/T25319—2010，3.1.2，有修改]3.3怠速工况 idleconditions燃料电池发动机处于工作状态，能维持自身工作，但不对外输出功率。[来源：GB/T25319—2010，3.1.3，有修改]3.4额定功率 ratedpower燃料电池发动机在额定工况时的有效净输出功率,并能够在此功率下稳定持续工作。[来源：GB/T25319—2010，3.1.5，有修改]3.5峰值功率 peakpower燃料电池发动机在一个约定的短时间内产生的不低于额定功率的最大功率。[来源：GB/T20042.1—2017，3.2.21，有修改]3.6最小功率点 minimumpower燃料电池发动机处于工作状态，减去用于维持自身辅助系统的消耗，所能输出的最低净输出功率（DCDC。[来源：GB/T20042.1—2017，3.2.20，有修改]3.7质量比功率 specificpower燃料电池发动机额定功率和其质量的比，单位为kW/kg。注：质量比功率通常称为比功率。[来源：GB/T20042.1—2017，3.2.26，有修改]3.8燃料消耗量 fuelconsumption一定工况下燃料电池发动机在规定时间内消耗的燃料量，注：单位为kg/h。[来源：GB/T20042.1—2017，3.3.3，有修改]T/ZSA170—2023T/ZSA170—2023PAGEPAGE103.9热态/热机状态 hotstate燃料电池发动机其组成模块温度处于正常工作温度范围内的状态。[来源：GB/T20042.1—2017，5.2.3，有修改]3.10冷态/冷机状态 coldstate燃料电池发动机内部温度与环境温度相同既没有能量输入也没有能量输出的状态。[来源：GB/T20042.1—2017，5.2.7，有修改]3.11气体泄漏 externalgasleakage除有意排出的废气之外，产生气体漏出燃料电池的现象。[来源：GB/T20042.1—2017，4.2.10]注：气体泄漏可能产生于：燃料电池堆、相关减压装置、其他气体管路和流体控制部件。3.12燃料电池发动机 fuelcellsystem包括燃料电池堆和燃料电池辅助系统，在外接氢源的条件下可以正常工作。[来源：GB/T24548—2009，3.4.3]系统边界1，其中虚线框内部分为燃料电池发动机，内部包含燃料电池模块、图1 燃料电池发动机系统边界一般要求外观结构要求燃料电池发动机外表应清洁，无机械损伤,不应有裂纹、污迹及明显变形,接口触点无锈蚀。燃料电池发动机的可接触部件不应具有可能造成人身伤害的尖锐的边和角。燃料电池发动机的通信接口、电源接口、用户接口、氢气进出口等应有明确的标识。燃料电池发动机的正、负极端子及极性应有明显标识，便于连接。通用安全要求燃料电池发动机氢气回路应配备安全泄压装置，即使在断电状态也应保证安全泄压装置正常工作。燃料电池发动机燃料供应管路不应通过乘员舱。燃料电池发动机排放燃料设置的排放口应直通商用车外，并有安全保护措施。燃料电池发动机安装于封闭或半封闭空间时，应在空间上方或燃料电池发动机上方安装氢气泄漏探测器；当探测器监测到泄漏时，控制系统应能自动切断燃料供应。BGB18384—20205.1.2GB18384—20205.1.3GB18384—20GB/T3836.1—2021GB/T16935.1—2008GB/T17045—2020用于输送氢气介质的塑料或橡胶材料应是能导电的，或设计上能做到避免静电电荷积累。性能要求起动特性常温起动特性常温怠速冷起动特性按照进行试验，要求冷机状态至怠速，时间应小于15s。常温怠速热起动特性按照进行试验，要求热机状态至怠速，时间应≤10s。低温额定功率冷起动特性7.2.24min，启动过程中的零部件功耗应满足设计要求，且系统无关机或降载故障。额定功率平原额定功率7.3.197%～103%。高原额定功率按照7.3.2进行试验，应满足如下要求：1000m100%输出；2000m15%；3000m30%。峰值功率按照7.4进行试验，要求最大功率不低于额定功率。动态响应特性按照7.5稳态特性7.6（V—I45%以上的工作区间占比，应≥60%，额定点效率应≥45%。高温运行特性7.760min95%～105%。动态平均效率特性试验7.8氢气排放要求7.93s3%8%。噪声燃料电池发动机本体噪声试验按照7.10进行，记录系统的噪声最大值，要求怠速工况噪声应≤75dB，额定工况噪声应≤80dB。气密性要求燃料电池发动机氢气回路按7.11进行气保压试验时，氢气回路压力下降值应同时符合以下规定要求。2012kPa。3014kPa。燃料电池发动机在各工况点运行过程中，氢气回路各连接点氢气泄露浓度≤0.005‰。绝缘电阻燃料电池发动机的绝缘试验按7.12进行，要求绝缘电阻值应满足绝缘电阻＞1000Ω/V。质量比功率按照7.13进行试验，要求质量比功率应满足系统设计目标，且不低于550W/kg。振动性能按照7.14防水防尘7.15GB/T4208—2017IP67非金属材料阻燃要求燃料电池发动机上的非金属材料应使用阻燃材料，除电池堆外的非金属材料的燃烧特性按照7.16进行试验，试验结果应符合以下规定：满足以下任一条件的零部件，其材质需满足水平燃烧HB级和垂直燃烧级的要求：单个零部件重量≥50g；单个燃料电池发动机内相同型号的零部件总重量≥200g。其它非金属零部件材质应满足水平燃烧HB75级和垂直燃烧V-2级的要求。试验方法通用试验条件环境条件除另有规定，试验应在如下环境中进行：a) 温度为23℃±5℃；b) 15%～90%；c) 86kPa～106kPa。注：本文件所提到的室温，是指23℃±5℃。测试仪器要求测量仪器的准确度除特殊说明外，不限制测量仪器的量程，测量仪器精度准确度应满足下列要求：电压测试装置：≥0.5电流测试装置：≥0.5温度测试装置：±0.5℃；时间测量装置：±0.1%；尺寸测量装置：±0.1%；质量测量装置：±0.1%；电导率测试装置：准确度≤±5%；氢气检漏仪：精度≥±5%FS0‰～10‰。控制仪器的控制精度控制仪器的控制精度应满足下列要求：a) 电压：±1%；b) 电流：±1%；c) 温度：±1℃。试验数据采集仪器要求试验过程中，数据采集频率计加载误差应满足以下要求：5Hz；GB/T8170—20082试验预处理常温浸机方法常温浸机要求如下：浸机前完成一次燃料电池发动机开关机过程，关闭燃料电池发动机；将燃料电池发动机（冷却液加注完成）12h；在浸机期间，不应对燃料电池发动机做任何改动。低温（0℃以下）浸机方法在燃料电池发动机低温冷起动试验中，用于燃料电池发动机的散热器或者热交换器应置于环境舱中。具体要求如下：（制造商根据（（）不3min；然后立即关闭燃料电池发动机；12h。注1：在整个低温冷起动以及低温运行过程中，环境舱的温度控制在设定温度的±2.0℃，且低于0℃。注2：有效浸机时间是指从环境舱的温度达到设定温度后开始计时到浸机结束所用的时间。高温（50℃以下）浸机方法高温浸机要求如下：浸机前完成一次燃料电池发动机开关机过程，关闭燃料电池发动机；50.040%～90%，当环境温度达到设定温度的时候开始2h。注1：在整个高温浸机以及高温运行过程中，环境舱的温度控制在设定温度的±2.0℃内。注2：有效浸机时间是指从环境舱的温度达到设定温度后开始计时到浸机结束所用的时间。热机方法口温（池发动机达到热机状态。起动特性试验常温起动特性试验常温怠速冷起动特性GB/T24554—20按照的浸机方法进行浸机处理。试验过程应自动进行，不应有人工干预。试验结果应满足的要求。 常温怠速热起动特性GB/T24554—20按照的浸机方法进行浸机处理。试验过程应自动进行，不应有人工干预。试验结果应满足的要求。低温额定功率冷起动特性GB/T24554—20按照7.13.235预。试验结果应满足6.1.2的要求。额定功率试验平原额定功率试验GB/T24554—20228.26.2.1高原额定功率试验选用实地或者使用环境舱模拟高海拔地区的气压条件，试验前燃料电池发动机的状态为热机状态，燃料消耗量；电池堆的输出电流和电压、燃料电池发动机净输出的电流电压；测量辅助支持运行系统的功耗；记录进气温度、进气压力、冷却水温度、环境温度和湿度等；A6.2.2注：额定工况下燃料电池发动机稳定运行1h，过载工况下燃料电池发动机稳定运行60s。峰值功率试验GB/T24554—20228.3试验过程应自动进行，不应有人工干预。试验结果应满足6.3的要求。动态响应试验按照GB/T24554—2022中8.4项规定的试验方法进行，试验结果应满足6.4的要求。稳态特性试验按照GB/T24554—2022中8.5项规定的试验方法进行，试验结果应满足6.5的要求。高温特性试验GB/T24554—20228.650.06.6动态平均效率特性试验按照GB/T24554—2022中8.7项规定的试验方法进行，具体计算方式见附录B，试验结果应满足6.7的要求。氢气排放试验氢气排放试验按照GB/T37154—2018的6.1进行试验，具体试验步骤如下：10min；10%~9010min；连续记录怠速以及各个功率点持续运行过程中的氢气浓度。6.8噪声试验按照GB/T1859.4—2017中规定的噪声试验方法进行，试验结果应满足6.9的要求。气密性试验气密性试验步骤如下：关闭燃料电池发动机排气、排水阀等与外部联通的开关；50kPa；压力稳定后，立即关闭进气阀；进行保压并实时记录压力值，进而计算得出压力下降值。6.10绝缘（静态）试验按照GB/T24554—20228.9中规定的试验方法进行测试，试验结果应满足6.11的要求。质量比功率试验按照GB/T24554—20228.10中规定的试验方法进行测试，试验结果应满足6.12的要求。振动试验GB/T28046.3—20Z、Y、X方向每个方32h6.13防水防尘试验按照GB/T4208—2017规定的试验方法进行，试验结果应满足6.14的要求。非金属材料阻燃试验按照GB/T2408—2021规定的水平法和垂直法进行非金属材料的燃烧特性试验，试验结果应满足6.15的要求。标志、包装、贮存、文件标志产品标志在燃料电池发动机的适当位置上，应有可靠固定的标志:GB/T18411—2018GB/T2893.2—2020氢气接口标志燃料电池发动机应明确标示系统中氢气的入口和出口。极性标志若燃料电池发动机电气接头有极性之分,应予以标明。BB级电压电路中电缆和线束的外皮应用橙色加以区别。接地标志接地点应有明显的接地标志，接地标志依据GB/T4026—2019中“保护接地”图形符号，必要PE”标志。注：这些标志不应放在螺栓、可拆卸的垫圈或用作连接导线的可能拆卸的零部件上。禁止蹬踏标志GB/T2894-20082息，具体要求应满足GB/T2894-2008中4.5要求。图2 禁止蹬踏标志警示标志存在危险的燃料电池发动机部位应使用警示标志,包括但不限于:触电危险；3；易燃气体；腐蚀和有毒介质；4。图3 当心高温表面标志图4 高压警告标志包装标志燃料电池发动机包装上应有标志并符合GB/T191—2008的规定。包装燃料电池发动机包装应满足下列要求：防潮、防振、防污染,无氨气、硫化物、挥发性有机气体产生；确保固定良好，并保留合适的间隙；在箱体上标注包装储运图示标志。贮存常温贮存常温贮存时应满足下列要求：低温贮存低温贮存时应满足下列要求：若产品为干堆状态，则可以直接存放，且最低存放温度可达-40℃；若产品为湿堆状态，则需要对其进行冷吹扫，具体操作如下：为产品供应氢气/氮气；为产品空气安装简易空滤模块；24V执行冷吹扫控制命令，至该过程完成；以上步骤完成后执行低温存储。文件燃料电池发动机出厂时应至少提供以下文件:产品合格证；产品说明书；产品安装手册；装箱清单。附 录 A附 录 A（规范性）常见的计算公式A.1 燃料电池发动机功率燃料电池发动机功率按公式（A.1）计算：…………………(A.1)式中：PF——燃料电池发动机的功率，单位千瓦kW；UF——燃料电池发动机的电压，单位伏特V；IF——燃料电池发动机的电流，单位安培A。附 录 B附 录 B（规范性）动态平均功率试验数据处理燃料电池发动机实际氢气消耗量氢气消耗量的测量方法按照GB/T35178规定的方法。如果氢气以流量单位记录结果，则燃料电池发动机功率在某段时间内的实测氢气消耗量按公式（B.1）计算：式中：

………..(B.1)（g；（gs；（s；（s；燃料电池发动机能量燃料电池发动机的能量按公式（B.2）计算：式中：

………..(B.2)（k；—W。燃料电池发动机动态平均效率燃料电池发动机动态平均效率按公式（B.3）计算：式中：

………..(B.3)（J；（g；—氢气低热值，1.2×kJ/kg；—燃料电池发动机动态平均效率。ICS27.070CCSK82g r o u p s t a n d a r dT/ZSA170—2023TechnicalspecificationoffuelcellenginesforcommercialvehicleIssueDate2023-11-01 ImplementationDate2023-11-02IssuebyZhongguancunStandardizationAssociationT/ZSA170—2023T/ZSA170—2023PAGE\*ROMANPAGE\*ROMANIITableofContentsofContents IPreface IIScope 1Normativereferences 1Terminologyanddefinitions 2Systemboundaries 3Generalrequirements 4Exteriorstructuralrequirements 4Generalsafetyrequirements 4Performancerequirements 5Startingcharacteristics 5Ratedpower 5Peakpower 5DynamicResponseCharacterization 6Steady-stateproperties 6Hightemperatureoperatingcharacteristics 6Dynamicaverageefficiencycharacterizationtest 6Hydrogenemissionrequirements 6Noise 6Airtightnessrequirements 6Insulationresistance 6MassSpecificPower 7Vibrationperformance 7Waterproofanddustproof 7Flameretardantrequirementsfornon-metallicmaterials 7methods 7Generaltestconditions 7Startingcharacteristictest 9Ratedpowertest 9Peakpowertest 10Dynamicresponsetest 10Steadystatecharacteristictest 10Hightemperaturecharacteristictest 10Dynamicaverageefficiencycharacteristictest 10Hydrogenemissiontest 11Noisetest 11Airtightnesstest 11Insulation(static)test 11Massratiopowertest 11Vibrationtest 11Waterproofanddustprooftest 11Flameretardanttestfornon-metallicmaterials 11Marking,Packaging,Storage,Documentation 12Signs 12Packaging 13Storage 13Documentation 14APPENDIXA 15APPENDIXB 16PrefaceThisdocumentisdraftedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofGB/T1.1-2020GuidelinesforStandardizedPart1:StructureandDraftingRulesforStandardizedDocuments.ThisdocumentisproposedandattributedbyZhongguancunStandardizationAssociation.Thisdocumentisdraftedby:BeijingYihuatongTechnologyCo.,Ltd,BeijingJuxingHuatongHydrogenTechnologyCo.,Ltd,YihuatongPowerTechnologyCo.Ltd,TsinghuaUniversity,BeijingUniversityofChemicalTechnology,BeijingInstituteofScienceandTechnology,TongjiUniversity,NorthChinaElectricPowerUniversity,NingboInstituteofMaterialsTechnologyandEngineering,ChineseAcademyofSciences,TianjinUniversity,UniversityofScienceandTechnologyBeijing,HenanUniversityofTechnology,GuangdongZhengyangSensorScienceandTechnologyCompanyLimited,WuhuTongyouScienceandTechnologyCompanyLimited,ChinaMachineryHuanYuCertificationandInspectionCompanyLimited,BeijingMunicipalInstituteofProductQualitySupervisionandInspection.BeijingResearchInstituteofProductQualitySupervisionandInspection.Maindraftersofthisdocument:LiuRan,ZhouQian,LiFeiqiang,FangChuan,HePing,ZhouBao,GaoSiZongzheng,PeiGuanru,CaoJidong,ZhangXiaodan,ZhangLonghai,MengDeshui,LiuZhaoQiang,ShiJianzhen,QianXiang,LiJianqiu,XuLiangfei,Feng,ZhangZhengping,OuYixiang,MingPingwen,ZhengLiuJianguo,LiJia,ChenLiang,LiHua,JiaoKuijie,HuSong,ChenDongfang,SiJunde,DingXinfei,LiDuan,QuHaiyang,Xiangliang,LiuQiunyan,TianThisdocumentispublishedforthefirsttime.T/ZSA170—2023T/ZSA170—2023PAGEPAGE10TechnicalspecificationoffuelcellenginesforcommercialvehicleScopeThisdocumentspecifiesthesystemboundary,generalrequirements,performancerequirements,testmethodsandmarking,packaging,storageanddocumentationoffuelcellenginesforcommercialvehicles.Thisdocumentappliestoprotonexchangemembranefuelcellenginesloadedoncommercialvehicles,andothertypesofvehiclescanrefertotheimplementation.NormativereferencesThecontentsofthefollowingdocumentsconstituteindispensableprovisionsofthisdocumentthroughnormativereferencesinthetext.Whereadocumentiscitedwithadate,onlytheversioncorrespondingtothatdateappliestothisdocument;whereadocumentiscitedwithoutadate,thelatestversion(includingallchangeorders)appliestothisdocument.GB/T191—2008Packaging,StorageandTransportationGraphicMarkingGB/T1859.4-2017ReciprocatinginternalcombustionenginesDeterminationofsoundpowerlevelbysoundpressuremethodPart4:SimplemethodusingstandardsoundsourcesGB/T2408-2021PlasticsDeterminationofflammabilitypropertiesHorizontalandverticalmethodsGB/T2893.2-2020GraphicalsymbolsSafetycolorsandsafetysignsPart2:DesignprinciplesforproductsafetylabelsGB/T2894-2008SafetysignsandguidelinesfortheiruseGB/T3836.1-2021ExplosiveenvironmentPart1:GeneralrequirementsforequipmentGB/T4026-2019Basicandsafetyrulesformarkingandlabelingofman-machineinterfaceMarkingofequipmentterminals,conductorterminalsandconductorsGB/T4208-2017Enclosureprotectionlevel(IPcode)GB/T8170-2008NumericalmodificationrulesandlimitvaluerepresentationanddeterminationGB/T16935.1-2008InsulationfitofequipmentwithinlowvoltagesystemsPart1:Principles,requirementsandtestsGB/T17045-2020GeneralpartofelectricshockprotectiondevicesandequipmentGB18384-2020SafetyrequirementsforelectricvehiclesGB/T18411-2018MotorvehicleproductlabelingGB/T20042.1-2017ProtonexchangemembranefuelcellPart1:TerminologyGB/T24548-2009FuelcellelectricvehiclesTerminologyGB/T24554-2022TestmethodsforfuelcellengineperformanceGB/T25319-2010FuelcellpowergenerationsystemforautomobileTechnicalconditionsGB/T28046.3-2011RoadvehiclesEnvironmentalconditionsandtestsforelectricalandelectronicequipmentPart3:MechanicalloadsGB/T35178-2017FuelcellelectricvehiclesHydrogenconsumptionMeasurementmethodGB/T37154-2018FuelcellelectricvehiclesHydrogenemissiontestmethodsforthewholevehicleTerminologyanddefinitionsThefollowingtermsanddefinitionsstipulatedinGB/T20042.1-2017,GB/T24548-2009andGB/T25319-2009areapplicabletothisdocument.workconditionsTheoperatingstateofthefuelcellenginetocalibratetheworkingconditionsintermsofnetoutputpower.[Source:GB/T25319—2010，3.1.1，modified]ratedconditionsUsedbymanufacturerstocalibratefuelcellenginestooperatingconditionsspecifiedat100%netoutputpower.[Source:GB/T25319—2010，3.1.2，modified]idleconditionsThefuelcellengineisinworkingconditionandcansustainitselfbutdoesnotoutputpowertotheoutsideworld.[Source:GB/T25319—2010，3.1.3，modified]ratedpowerTheeffectivenetoutputpowerofthefuelcellengineatratedoperatingconditions,andtheabilitytoworkstablyandcontinuouslyatthispower.[Source:GB/T25319—2010，3.1.5，modified]peakpowerThemaximumpowerproducedbyafuelcellengineinanagreeduponshortperiodoftimethatisnotlessthantheratedpower.[Source:GB/T20042.1—2017，3.2.21，modified]minimumpowerTheminimumnetoutputpower(DCDCfrontend)thatcanbedeliveredbyafuelcellengineinoperatingcondition,minustheconsumptionusedtomaintainitsownauxiliarysystems.[Source:GB/T20042.1—2017，3.2.20，modified]specificpowerTheratiooftheratedpowerofafuelcellenginetoitsmassinkW/kg.Note:Massspecificpowerisoftenreferredtoasspecificpower.[Source:GB/T20042.1—2017，3.2.26，modified]fuelconsumptionTheamountoffuelconsumedbyafuelcellengineinaspecifiedtimeundercertainworkingconditions,note:unitiskg/h.[Source:GB/T20042.1—2017，3.3.3，modified]hotstateAstateinwhichthetemperatureofthefuelcellengine'sconstituentmodulesiswithinthenormaloperatingtemperaturerange.[Source:GB/T20042.1—2017，5.2.3，modified]coldstateAstateinwhichtheinternaltemperatureofthefuelcellengineisthesameastheambienttemperaturewithneitherenergyinputnorenergyoutput.[Source:GB/T20042.1—2017，5.2.7，modified]externalgasleakageGenerationofgasleakageoutofthefuelcellotherthanintentionalexhaust.[Source:：GB/T20042.1—2017，4.2.10]NOTE:Gasleakscanoccurfrom:fuelcellstacks,associateddepressurizers,othergaslinesandfluidcontrolcomponents.fuelcellsystemIncludingfuelcellstackandfuelcellauxiliarysystem,itcanworknormallyundertheconditionofexternalhydrogensource.[Source:GB/T24548—2009，3.4.3]SystemboundariesTheboundaryofthefuelcellenginesystemisshowninFig.1,inwhichthepartinthedottedlineboxisthefuelcellengine,andtheinternalpartcontainsthefuelcellmodule,thehydrogensupplysystem,theairsupplysystem,andthethermalmanagementsystem,andtheinandoutarrowsintherelativeboxesinthefigurerefertotheinputandoutputofthefuelcellengine.Fig.1FuelcellenginesystemboundaryGeneralrequirementsExteriorstructuralrequirementsTheexterioroffuelcellenginesshouldbeclean,freeofmechanicaldamage,cracks,stainsandobviousdeformation,andtheinterfacecontactsshouldbefreeofcorrosion.Theaccessiblepartsofthefuelcellengineshouldnothavesharpedgesandcornersthatmaycausepersonalinjury.Duringthenormaloperationofthefuelcellengine,itspartsandtheirconnectorsshouldbestableandreliable,andthereshouldbenoinstability,deformation,fractureorwearandtear.Thecommunicationinterface,powerinterface,userinterface,hydrogenimportandexportofthefuelcellengineshouldbeclearlylabeled.Thepositiveandnegativeterminalsandpolarityofthefuelcellengineshouldbeclearlymarkedforeasyconnection.GeneralsafetyrequirementsThehydrogencircuitoffuelcellengineshouldbeequippedwithasafetypressurereliefdevice,andthesafetypressurereliefdeviceshouldbeensuredtoworknormallyeveninthestateofpowerfailure.Thefuelcellenginefuelsupplylineshallnotpassthroughthepassengercompartment.Theventsetupforfuelcellenginedischargefuelshouldbestraighttotheoutsideofthecommercialvehicleandhavesafetyprotectionmeasures.Whenthefuelcellengineisinstalledinanenclosedorsemi-enclosedspace,ahydrogenleakagedetectorshouldbeinstalledabovethespaceorabovethefuelcellengine;whenthedetectormonitorstheleakage,thecontrolsystemshouldbeabletoautomaticallycutoffthefuelsupply.Thehigh-voltagewarningmarkingandClassBvoltagewiremarkingonthefuelcellengineshallmeettherequirementsof5.1.2inGB18384-2020.Thedirectcontactprotectionrequirementsforfuelcellenginesshallmeettherequirementsof5.1.3ofGB18384-2020.PotentialequalizationrequirementsforfuelcellenginesshallmeettherequirementsofofGB18384-20Thematerialsandcomponentsaswellasthestructuraldesignshallmeettheexplosion-proofsafetyrequirementsforClassIIequipmentinGB/T3836.1-2021.TheelectricalclearanceandcreepagedistanceofthefuelcellengineshallmeettherequirementsofGB/T16935.1-2008.Allelectricaldevices,systemsorequipmentoffuelcellenginesshallbeinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofClassIequipmentinGB/T17045-2020.Plasticorrubbermaterialsusedtotransporthydrogenmediumshouldbeconductive,ordesignedtodotoavoidstaticchargeaccumulation.PerformancerequirementsStartingcharacteristicsNormaltemperaturestartingcharacteristicsColdStartCharacteristicsatAmbientIdleSpeedThetestiscarriedoutinaccordancewith,whichrequiresthatthetimefromcoldconditiontoidle,shallbelessthan15s.RoomtemperatureidlehotstartcharacteristicsThetestiscarriedoutinaccordancewith,whichrequiresawarm-upconditiontoidlespeed,andthetimeshallbe≤10s.LowTemperatureRatedPowerColdStartCharacteristicsTestsareconductedinaccordancewith7.2.2,requiringthatthesystemcanbestartednormally,thelengthoftimetostarttoratedpowerdoesnotexceed4min,thepowerconsumptionofcomponentsduringstartupshouldmeetthedesignrequirements,andthesystemhasnoshutdownorloadsheddingfaults.RatedpowerPlainpowerratingsTestsinaccordancewith7.3.1requirethattheoutputpowerofthefuelcellengineduringtheeffectivemeasurementperiodshallalwaysbe97%to103%oftheaveragevalueoftheoperatingpowerfor60minoftheeffectivemeasurementperiod.PlateauratingsTestsinaccordancewith7.3.2shallmeetthefollowingrequirements:Atanaltitudeof1000m,100%oftheratedpoweroutputshallbemet;Atanaltitudeof2000m,theratedpowerderatingshallbenomorethan15%;Atanaltitudeof3000m,itshallmeettheratedpowerderatingofnotmorethan30%.PeakpowerPerformthetestinaccordancewith7.4,requiringthatthemaximumpowerisnotlessthantheratedpower.DynamicResponseCharacterizationTestinaccordancewith7.5,requiringthattheloadingtimefromtheminimumpowerpointtotheratedstateshallbe≤12s,andtheunloadingtimefromtheratedstatetotheminimumpowerpointshallbe≤8s.Steady-statepropertiesWhenthefuelcellengineistestedaccordingto7.6,thepolarizationcharacteristiccurvecurve)ofthefuelcellstack,thepowercurveofthefuelcellstack,theefficiencycurveofthefuelcellstack,thepowercurveofthefuelcellengine,theefficiencycurveofthefuelcellengineandthepowercurveoftheauxiliarysystemshallbeprovided.Itisrequiredthattheproportionoftheoperatingintervalinwhichthesystemefficiencyisabove45%shouldbe≥60%,andtheratedpointefficiencyshouldbe≥45%.HightemperatureoperatingcharacteristicsTestsinaccordancewith7.7requirethattheoutputpowerofthefuelcellengineshallalwaysbeintherangeof95%to105%oftheaveragevalueoftheoperatingpowerfor60minofvalidmeasurementtime.DynamicaverageefficiencycharacterizationtestTestsinaccordancewith7.8requirethatthesystemefficiencyshallnotbelessthanthesystemdesignrequirementvalueandthatthesystemdoesnothaveanoff-lineorloadsheddingfaultduringthetest.Hydrogenemissionrequirementsinaccordancewith7.9requirethattheaveragehydrogenvolumeconcentrationofhydrogenemissionsfromafuelcellengineatidleoratthelowestpowerpointofthefuelcellengineshallnotexceed3%foranyconsecutive3speriodinthewarm-upstate,andthattheinstantaneoushydrogenvolumeconcentrationshallnotexceed8%.NoiseFuelcellenginebodynoisetestiscarriedoutinaccordancewith7.10,themaximumvalueofthenoiseofthesystemisrecorded,anditisrequiredthatthenoiseofidlingconditionshouldbe≤75dB,andthenoiseofratedconditionshouldbe≤80dB.AirtightnessrequirementsWhenthehydrogencircuitofthefuelcellengineissubjectedtogasholdingpressuretestaccordingto7.11,thepressuredropvalueofthehydrogencircuitshallsimultaneouslymeettherequirementsofthefollowingregulations.Nitrogenmedium,holdingpressurefor20minutes,thepressuredropvalue≤12kPa.Hydrogenmedium,holdingpressurefor30seconds,pressuredrop≤14kPa.Fuelcellengineinvariousoperatingconditionsduringoperation,hydrogencircuitofhydrogenleakageconcentration≤0.005‰atallconnectionpoints.InsulationresistanceTheinsulationtestofthefuelcellengineiscarriedoutinaccordancewith7.12,andtherequiredinsulationresistancevalueshallmeettheinsulationresistance>1000MassSpecificPowerThetestisconductedinaccordancewith7.13,andtherequiredmassspecificpowershallmeetthesystemdesignobjectiveandshallnotbelessthan550W/kg.VibrationperformanceConductthetestinaccordancewith7.14,andrequirethatafterthecompletionofthetest,thefuelcellenginemaintainsreliableconnection,intactstructure,noobviousdeformation,andthefuelcellenginecanworknormally.WaterproofanddustproofComponentsinthefuelcellenginethatneedtohavewaterproofanddustproofcapabilityshallbetestedinaccordancewiththerequirementsof7.15,andthetestresultsshallmeettherequirementsofIP67andaboveinGB/T4208-2017.Flameretardantrequirementsfornon-metallicmaterialsThenon-metallicmaterialsonthefuelcellengineshalluseflameretardantmaterials,andthecombustioncharacteristicsofthenon-metallicmaterialsexceptthebatterystackshallbetestedinaccordancewith7.16,andthetestresultsshallcomplywiththefollowingprovisions:ThematerialsofthepartsmeetinganyofthefollowingconditionsshallmeettherequirementsofhorizontalcombustionclassHBandverticalcombustionclassTheweightofasinglecomponentis≥50g;Thetotalweightofpartsofthesamemodelinasinglefuelcellengine≥200g.Thematerialsofothernon-metallicpartsshouldmeettherequirementsofhorizontalcombustionHB75andverticalcombustionTestmethodsGeneraltestconditionsEnvironmentalconditionsUnlessotherwisespecified,thetestshallbeconductedinthefollowingenvironment:Atemperatureof23°C±5°C;Relativehumidityof15%to90%;Atmosphericpressureof86kPato106kPa.Note:Referencestoroomtemperatureinthisdocumentareto23°C±5°C.TestinstrumentrequirementsAccuracyofmeasuringinstrumentsUnlessotherwisespecified,thereisnorestrictionontherangeofthemeasuringinstrument,andtheprecisionaccuracyofthemeasuringinstrumentshallmeetthefollowingrequirements:testdevice:≥0.5grade;Currenttestdevice:≥0.5grade;Temperaturetestdevice:±0.5℃;Timemeasurementdevice:±0.1%;Dimensionmeasuringdevice:±0.1%;Massmeasuringdevice:±0.1%;Conductivitytestingdevice:accuracy≤±5%;Hydrogenleakdetector:accuracy≥±5%FS,rangenotlessthan0‰~10‰.ControlaccuracyofcontrolinstrumentsThecontrolaccuracyofthecontrolinstrumentshallmeetthefollowingrequirements:±1%;Current:±1%;Temperature:±1℃.TestdataacquisitioninstrumentrequirementsDuringthetest,thedataacquisitionfrequencymeterloadingerrorshallmeetthefollowingrequirements:Thetestdataacquisitionfrequencyshallnotbelowerthan5Hz;Inthecalculationofpower,efficiencyandotherparameters,itshallbetrimmedto2decimalplacesaccordingtoGB/T8170-2008,exceptforspecialinstructions.Testpre-processingAmbientimmersionmethodsTherequirementsforambientimmersionareasfollows:Beforeimmersion,completetheprocessofswitchingonandoffthefuelcellengineonceandturnoffthefuelcellengine;Thefuelcellengine(withcoolantfillingcompleted)shallbelefttostandatroomtemperatureunderambientconditionsforaperiodofnotlessthan12h;Duringtheimmersionperiod,nochangesshallbemadetothefuelcellengine.Lowtemperature(below0°C)immersionmethodForthefuelcellenginelowtemperaturecoldstarttest,theradiatororheatexchangerusedforthefuelcellengineshallbeplacedinanenvironmentalchamber.Thespecificrequirementsareasfollows:Duringtheimmersionprocess,beforethesettemperatureisreached,anon/offoperationmaybeperformedaftertheenvironmentalcompartmenthasbeenloweredtothemanufacturer'sspecifiedtemperatureandhaslastedforacertainperiodoftime(determinedbythemanufactureraccordingtothetechnicalrequirementsoftheproduct);Thefuelcellengineshallbestartedtoidle(orthelowestpowerpointofthefuelcellengine)foraduration(includingstarting)ofnotmorethan3min;Thenimmediatelyturnoffthefuelcellengine;Whentheambienttemperaturereachesthesettemperature,thetimingshallstartandtheeffectivesoakingtimeshallbenotlessthan12h.Note1:Duringthewholelowtemperatur