常用沉积学词汇

凹坑pool，chute白垩chalk白云化灰岩dolomitizedlimestone白云母muscovite白云石dolomite白云岩dolostone,dolomitite斑点构造mottledstructure斑礁patchreef斑晶porphyrotope斑脱岩bentonite搬运作用transportation板状晶体laths半深海helmipelagic半自形晶subhedral棒形蛀木虫迹teredolitesclavatus包卷层理convolutelamination包卷构造comvolutestructure堡礁（障壁礁）barrierreef抱球虫软泥globigerinaooze比拟试验模式scaledexperimentalmodel碧玉jasper边滩pointbar辫状河braidedchannel标志层keybed标准偏差standarddeviation表面结构surfacetexture表皮鲕superficialOolits表栖动物epifauna表生成岩作用epidiagenesis表生作用epigenesis表土regolith滨湖亚相lake-shore滨面shoreface滨线shoreline冰雹痕hailimpression冰川glacier冰-海沉积物glacier-marinesediment冰川相glacialfacies冰碛物till冰碛岩tillite冰水沉积outwash波长wavelength波高waveheight波痕ripple波状层理wavybedding剥离线理partinglineation不等粒inequigranular不整合unconformity槽痕flute槽模flutecasts侧向沉积作用lateralsedimentation侧向加积lateralaccretion测井沉积学well-loggingsedimentology测井相electrofacies层bed层间流interflow层孔虫stromatoporoid层理stratification，bedding，lamination层流laminarflow层内溶解作用intrastratalsolution层系set层系组coset层序地层学sequencestratigraphy次长石净砂岩subarkose次生孔隙secondaryporosity次岩屑净砂岩sublitharenite长石feldspar长石砂岩feldsparsandstone长石净砂岩arkose长石净砂岩类arkosicarenite长石杂砂岩feldspathicgreywacke长石杂砂岩类arkosicgreywacke潮道tidalchannel潮间带intertidal潮控三角洲tidal-dominateddelta潮坪tidalflat潮上带supratidal潮汐层理tidal-bedding潮汐流ebbcurrent潮汐三角洲tidaldelta潮下带subtidalzone沉积分异作用sedimentarydifferentiation沉积构造sedimentarystructure沉积后作用postdeposition沉积环境depositionalenvironment沉积模式sedimentarymodel沉积盆地sedimentarybasin沉积铁矿sedimentaryironores沉积物sediment沉积物重力流sedimentgravityflow沉积相sedimentary（depositional）facies沉积学sedimentology沉积岩sedimentaryrocks沉积岩石学sedimentarypetrology沉积作用sedimentation，deposition成分成熟度compositionalmatuarity成岩作用diagenesis赤铁矿hematite冲积平原alluvialplain冲积扇alluvialfan冲裂avulsion冲流swash冲流回流带zoneofswashandbackwash冲刷痕scourmark冲洗交错层理swashbedding冲溢扇washoverfan储层reservoir储油窗oil—windows床沙bed床沙形体bedform床沙载荷bedload吹程fetch垂向沉积作用verticalaccretion丛藻迹chondrites粗砾cobble粗枝藻门dasyclads大潮springtide大陆架continentalshelf大陆隆continentalrise大陆坡continentalslope大洋盆地basin带穴迹taenidium带状迹teanidium袋状钻孔迹rogerella单杯迹monocraterion单成份砾岩oligomicticconglomerate岛（弧）-海（沟）体系arc-trenchsystem岛弧islandarc等深流contourcurrent等深积岩contourite等趾迹isopodichnus等足迹isopodichnus低镁方解石low-magnesiancalcite低弯度河道low-sinuositychannel低位体系域low-standsystemstract堤岸bank底痕solemark底积层bottomset底模solecast底栖生物benthos底载河道bedloadchannel地层strata地层倾斜录井dipmeterlog地层水formationwater地球化学geochemistry地球物理geophysics地震地层学seismicstratigraphy地震勘探seismicexploration递变层gradedlayer递变悬浮作用gradedsuspension典型浊积岩clasticturbidite电测井electriclog叠层石stromatolite叠瓦状排列imbricatearrangement顶积层topsets动态模式dynamicmodel动藻迹zoophycus豆粒pisolite段member对称波痕symmetricalripple鲕粒oolite二叶石迹cruziana反递变层理reversegrading反沙丘层理antidunebedding反向递变的inverselygraded泛滥盆地floodbasin泛滥平原floodplain方沸石Analcime方解石calcite放射虫Radiolarians放射性测井radioactivitylog非补偿（饥饿）沉积starvedbasin非显晶质的aphanitic沸石zeolite分流河道distributarychannel分流河口砂坝distributary-mouthbar分流间湾interdistributary分选系数So分选作用sorting粉砂silt粉砂岩siltite,siltstone粉砂页岩siltshale球粒pellet风暴大潮stormsurge风成eolian风成波痕eolianripple,windripple风成交错层理aeoliancrossbedding风成岩eolianite风化作用weathering风生流wind-driftcurrent风蚀deflation峰度curtosis缝合线stylolite弗劳德数Froudenumber浮游生物plankton腐泥sapropel负载（荷）构造loadstructure复成分砾岩polymicticconglomerate复理石flysch钙结层caliche干酪根kerogen干盐湖playa高岭石kaolinite高弯度河道high-sinuositychannel高位体系域high-standsystemstract根珊瑚迹rhizocoralliun耕作迹agrichnia沟模groovecasts沟蠕形迹taphrhelminthopsis古拉迹paleohelcura古生态学paleoecology古生物paleontological古水流标志paleocurrentindicator古土壤paleosols古网迹palaeodictyon古斜坡paleoslope骨架岩framestone固着底栖生物sessilebenthos光合作用photosynthesis硅镁层sima硅土，二氧化硅silica硅质silic-硅质碎屑siliciclastic国际沉积学家学会IAS（InternationalAssociationofSedimentologists）海（湖）泛面floodingsurface海（湖）滩beach海岸带coastalzone海底扇submarinefan海底峡谷submarinecanyon海沟trench海进体系域transgressivesystemstract海浪seawave海绿石glauconite海平面变化sea-levelchanges海平面升降eustasy海侵transgression海侵层序transgressivesequence海生迹thalassinoides海滩marinebeach海滩脊ridgeofabeach海相三角洲marinedelta海洋ocean旱谷arroyo,wadi河床（道）channel河床滞留lag河底滞留沉积channelfloorlag河控三角洲fluvialdelta河口湾estuary河流相fluvial河漫overbank核形石oncilite褐铁矿limonite黑色页岩blackshale黑云母biotite红藻植物门rhodophyta后滨backshore后成作用katagenesis,anadiagenesis弧间盆地interarcbasin弧内盆地intra-arcbasin弧前盆地forearcbasin湖lake湖泊环境lacustrineenvironment湖泊相lacustrine湖面波动seiche湖沼学limnology滑［动］痕slidemark滑塌构造slumpstructure滑塌岩slumps还原硫酸盐细菌desulfouibrio,desulfomaculmi还原作用reduction环境沉积学environmentalsedimentology环线迹spirorhaphe黄铁矿pyrite黄土loess灰泥micrite灰泥岩mudstone灰质白云岩calcareousdolostone回流backflow，backwash混杂沉积岩diamicton混杂堆积物melange混载荷流mixed-loadchannel火山弹bomb火山灰ash火山灰流ashflow火山角砾岩volcanicbreccia火山块block火山泥石流lahar火山碎屑pyroclasticdebris，tephra火山碎屑流pyroclasticflow火山碎屑岩pyroclasticrock火焰构造flamestructure鸡笼状的chickenwire集合粒aggregate集块岩agglomerate加积accretion加积作用aggradation假亮晶pseudospar尖峰度的jeptokurtic剪切shearing交错层crossbeds交错层理crossbedding;crossstratification交错纹crossed-lamellar交错纹层crosslaminae胶结物cement胶结作用cementation胶磷矿collophane礁reef礁核reefcore礁后相backreeffacies礁麓堆积reeftalus礁前相forereeffacies礁相reeffacies角度不整合angularunconformity角砾岩breccias节藻迹phycodes结晶碳酸盐岩crystallinecarbonate界面boundingsurfaces金藻门chrysophyta津（波）浪tsunami近滨nearshore进潮口tidalinlet进积作用progradation进食构造feedingstructures进食迹fodinichnia晶面crystalface晶体crystal井形穴shafts净砂岩arenite静态模式staticmodel居住构造dwellingstructure居住迹domichnia居住潜穴dwellingburrows巨画迹megagrapton巨砾boulder决口扇crevasse，crevassesplay均匀悬浮uniformsuspension颗粒grain，particle颗粒流grainflow颗粒岩grainstone颗粒支撑的particle-supported，grain-supported可劈性fissility可容空间accommodationspace克拉通craton孔隙（度）pore,porosity块状层理massivebedding块状砂岩massivesandstone浪成波痕wave-generatedripple浪成沙纹层理wave-ripplebedding浪基面wavebase浪控三角洲wave-dominateddelta雷诺数Reynoldsnumber-Re类沙蚕迹nereites累积频率曲线cumulative-frequencycurve离岸（裂）流ripcurrent犁沟迹aulichnites丽线迹cosmorhaphe砾gravel砾漠reg砾屑灰岩calcirudite砾屑岩rudite砾岩conglomerate粒度grainsize粒度概率图probabilityplot粒度中值Md粒间孔隙度intergranularporosity粒屑灰岩grainstone粒序层理gradedbedding亮晶sparite亮晶方解石sparrycalcite亮晶灰岩sparite亮煤clarain裂隙fracture临滨shoreface磷灰岩phosphorite磷酸盐岩phosphaterock菱铁矿siderite流动体制flowregimes流痕rillimpression流态flowregime流体化作用fluidization硫酸盐sulphate漏斗形funnelshape陆表海epicontinentalsea陆架边缘体系域shelfmarginsystemstract陆相terrestrial陆缘海marginalsea陆源碎屑岩terrigenousclasticrocks陆表海epeiricsea绿泥岩chlorite绿藻门chlorophyta,卵石质砂岩pebblysandstone螺管迹gyrolithes洛伦茨迹corenzinia脉状层理flaserbedding漫流sheetflow漫游迹planoliies煤coal煤化作用coalification锰质岩manganessrock觅食迹pascichnia觅食拖迹grazingtrails密度底流densityunderflow密度流densitycurrent密度跃层pycnocline磨拉石molasses母岩sourcerock,parentrock母岩区provenance，sourcearea内成岩endogenetic内栖动物infauna内碎屑intraclast钠长石albite钠长石化albitization能量带energybelt泥mud泥板岩argillite泥晶micrite泥晶套micriteenvelope泥粒灰岩（泥质颗粒岩）packstone泥裂mudcrack泥流mudflow泥石流debrisflow泥质岩mudrock泥页岩argillutite泥支撑的mudsupported泥质的argil拟蠕形迹helminthopsis逆行沙波regressivesandwave逆行沙丘antidune年代地层单位chronostratigraphicunit鸟眼构造birds-eyesstructure鸟足状三角洲bird-footdelta凝灰岩tuff凝聚颗粒aggregategrains凝块灰岩thrombolite牛顿流体Newtonianfluid牛轭湖ox-bowlake爬迹repichnia爬升沙纹层理climbingripplebedding爬行crawling拍岸浪surf盘旋虫科spirillinidae螃蟹迹psilonichnus跑动running泡沫痕foamimpression盆内岩intrabasinalrock盆外岩石extrabasinalrock片流sheetwash偏度Sk1，skewness漂砾erratic平均粒径Mz平均值mean平行层理parallelbedding平直河straightchannel破浪breaker破浪带breakerzone葡萄石grapestones气候带climatebelts牵引［作用］traction牵引流tractivecurrent牵引毯状沉积tractioncarpet前滨foreshore前积层foresets前三角洲沉积prodeltadeposit浅海区neriticprovince浅滩shoal墙形迹teichichus丘状交错层理hummockycrossbedding球度sphericity球粒pellet，pelletpeloids球状粒peloid曲带迹curuolithus曲流meander曲流裁直neckcutoff曲流河meanderingriver取心钻井coredrilling全球海平面变化eustaticchangeofsealevel缺氧事件anoxicevent群group群体生物colony(organisms)热云nueeardente热云岩ignimbrite溶解载荷solutionalload熔结凝灰岩ignimbrite蠕形迹helminthoida软流圈asthenosphere软泥ooze弱光带disphoticzone萨布哈(盐沼)sabkha三角洲delta三角洲平原deltaplain三角洲前缘deltafront三联点triplejunction扫毛虫sabellarians沙坝bar沙波sandwave沙流sandflow沙漠desert沙漠相desertfacies沙丘dune沙蜀迹arenicolites沙体Sandbody沙纹ripples沙嘴spit砂sand砂火山sandvolcanoes砂流sandflow砂屑detritus砂屑灰岩calcarenite砂岩sandstone砂枕构造pillowstructure筛状沉积sievedeposition山鹿冲积平原bajada山麓piedmont珊瑚coral扇砾岩fanglomerate扇三角洲fandelta扇状三角洲fan-likedelta舌菌迹glossiofunhites蛇形迹ophiomorpha深海pelagic,deepsea深海带abyssalzone深海沟deep-seatrench深海平原abyssal深海扇deep-seafan深泓线thalweg深水bathymetric深水盆地bathymetricbasin渗透率permeability生长构造growthstructure生物层biostrome生物带biozone生物地层学biostratigraphy生物灰岩biolithite生物礁reef生物颗粒bioclast生物亮晶灰岩biosparite生物内碎屑bioclastic生物泥晶灰岩biomicrite生物丘bioherm生物扰动作用bioturbation生物遗迹化石tracefossil石膏gypsum石化作用lithification石灰岩limestone石漠hamada石英quarts石英砂岩quartzsandstone，silicarenita石英净砂岩quartzarenite石英杂砂岩quartzwack石针迹skolithos石枝藻litho-thammium始成岩作用eodiagenesis示顶底标志geopetalcriterion事实模式actualmodel数学模式mathematicalmodel刷模brushcasts双杯迹diplocraterion双形迹dimorphichus双趾迹diplichifes水道channel水流current，aqueousflow水流痕currentmark水流上涌upwelling水流线理currentlineation水平层理horizontalbedding水体分层stratificationofthewatercolumn水下泥石流subaqueousdebisflow水下岩崩subaqueousrockfall水悬浮作用aqueoussuspension斯科阳迹scoyenia似海生迹thalassinoides似海星迹asteriacites似蠕形迹helminthopsis似藻迹phycodes碎屑颗粒detritalparticle燧石flint，chert他生沉积物allochthonoussediments它形晶anhedral塌积角砾岩collapsebraccia塔斯曼迹tasmanadia台地platform苔藓虫fenestratebryozoans滩bank滩脊beachridge碳酸盐carbonate碳酸盐岩carbonaterock,carbonatite碳酸盐岩补偿深度carbonatecompensationdepth碳酸盐岩隆（建隆）carbonatebuildup逃逸构造escapestructure逃逸迹fugichnia体系域systemstract天然堤levee，naturallevee填集作用packing跳模bouncecasts跳跃作用saltation铁岩ironstone铁质岩ferruginousrock停息迹cubchnia同沉积滑塌构造syndepositinalslumpstructure同生白云岩syngeneticdolostone同生作用syngenesis透光带photiczone透镜状层理lenticularbedding湍流turbulentflow团块lumps退覆层序offlapsequence洼状交错层理swaleycrossbedding外成岩exogeneticrock外来岩块exoticblock外生沉积物exogenticsediments弯曲锚形迹ancorichnuscoronus晚成岩作用telodiagenesis网状（交织）河流anastomosingstreamanastomosedriver微亮晶microspar微斜长石microcline胃形钻孔迹gastrochaenolites温跃层thermoclime纹层laminae，lamination纹层状的laminated纹理lamination纹泥,季节泥varve雯石（霰石）aragonite紊流turbulentflow无光带aphoticzone无粘结性颗粒cohesionlessparticle物源区provenance矽藻diatom细砾granule线管迹tigllites相facies相变facieschange相标志faciesmark相对海平面relativesea-level相序faciessequence（succession）向上变粗coarsening-upward向上变浅shoaling-upward，shallowing--upward小潮neaptide小间断diastem斜坡地形clinoform泄水构造water-escapestructure泻湖lagoon新生变形作用neomorphism新月形沙丘barchandune信风tradewinds星瓣迹asterosoma休息迹restingtraces悬浮（移）负载suspendedload选择交代作用selectivereplacement压扁层理flaserbedding压刻痕tollmark压溶作用pressuresolution压实作用compaction盐水楔saltwaterwedge岩石地层单位lithostratigraphicunit岩石地层学lithostratigraphy岩石圈lithosphere岩石学petrology岩相lithofacies岩相古地理lithofaciespaleogeography岩屑rockfragment，lithic岩屑砂岩lithicsandstone，rockfragmentsandstone岩屑净砂岩litharenite岩屑杂砂岩lithicgreywacke岩屑质长石净砂岩lithicarkose岩性lithological沿岸流longshorecurrent沿岸沙坝longshorebar盐度salinity盐湖saltlakes盐碱滩salina氧化作用oxidation页岩shale液化liguefaction液化沉积物流fluidizedsedimentflow液化作用liquefaction伊利石illite遗迹化