宾语从句和定语从句讲解

宾语从句和定语从句讲解（一）that引导的宾语从句宾语从句的引导连词有that,who,whose,what,which,副词when,where,how,why,whether,if可以跟that从句做宾语的动词有：say,think,wish,hope,wonder,know,suppose,see,believe,agree.1、在学习宾语从句的时候要知道宾语从句的构成Iheardthathewouldcomeherelateron.主语谓语动词引导词一个句子作宾语2、要注意在宾语从句中主句与从句的时态要呼应（a）当主句用一般现在时，从句要根据实际情况，选择时态例如：Ibelieve（that）youdidyourbestforthat.Ibelieve（that）youwilldoyourbestforthat.(b)当主句的时态用一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去时态（过去时代包括，过去进行时，一般过去时，过去将来时，过去完成时等过去时态）例如：Ihearthathewillcomeherelateron.Iheardthathewouldcomeherelateron.Ican’ttellhimthathismotherdied.(c)当主句的时态用的是过去时态，但是从句的内容是对客观事情的叙述，从句依然用一般现在时态。例如：Myteachersaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.That引导的定语从句和that引导的宾语从句的区别定语从句在句中作主句的定语，修饰前面的名词或代词。被修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系代词。我们今天要学习的时由关系代词that来引导的定语从句一，that在定语从句中既可指代人也可指代物。先行词是人或者物时，可以用that来引导如：Haveyouseenthewomanthatiswearingredcoat?Hefoundthegirlthatwe’relookingfor.Pleaseshowmethephotothatyoulikebest.关系代词that在从句中可充当主语或者是宾语，在当关系代词在句中充当定语从句的宾语时，常常省略。Hefoundthegirl（that）wearelookingfor.1.Thefanisonthedesk.Youwantit.__________________________________________________________2.Themanisinthenextroom.Hebroughtourtextbookshereyesterday.__________________________________________________________3.Themagazineismine.Hehastakenitaway.__________________________________________________________4.Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.Theydon’tstudyhard.__________________________________________________________5.Thewomanisourgeographyteacher.Yousawherinthepark.__________________________________________________________6.Theletterisfrommysister.Ireceivedityesterday.__________________________________________________________7.Theplaywaswonderful.Wesawitlastnight.__________________________________________________________That引导的宾语从句HepromisedthathewouldnevermakethatmistakeagainWeallbelievethepromisethathemadetous宾语从句中that为连词，不充当任何成分，可以省略定语从句中that为关系代词，充当从句的主语或者是宾语,充当宾语时可以省略具体使用时还要注意下列问题：

1,只能使用that,不用which的情况：

(1)先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词时。例如：Allthathesaidistrue.

先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时。例如：Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.

先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.

先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered.2,只用which不用that的情况：(3)非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如：Theboy,whoisgoodatsoccer,comesfromXinjiang.

Thatnecklace,whichyougavemeasapresent,waslostyesterday.非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立

CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。

（非限)

Thereissomebodyherewhowantstospeaktoyou这里有人要和你说话(限制性)(4)which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与andthis相似，并可以指人。例如：

Hedidverywellinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.(5)如果作先行词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。

5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?6.when指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：

I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.

7.where指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：

Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity

8."介词＋关系代词"是一个普遍使用的结构。(1)"介词＋关系代词"可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。"介词＋关系代词"结构中的介词可以是in,on,about,from,for,with,toat,of,without等，关系代词只可用whom或which,不可用that。

例:Isthatthehouseinwhichyoulive?

关系代词whom，which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：

Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears.

像listento,lookat,takecareof等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.及时巩固：一，请分析一下定语从句：(请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)1.

CheckthewaysyoustudyforanEnglishtest.2.

AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.3.

Youcouldn’tunderstandpeoplewhotalkedfast.4.

Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.5.

Theysaidsomethingyoudidn’tlike.6.

Canyouthinkofanyproblemsyouhavehadrecently?8.

HewouldalwaystakeprideineverythinggoodIdo.9.

MyfriendsandItalkedabouttherulesthatwehaveinschool.10.

Whataresomeoftherulesthatateenagershouldobey?12.

Ifyouknowanyoneelsewhocollectsthem,pleasetellme.13.

Standingveryclosetothepersonyouaretalkingwithisquitecommoninsomecountries.14.

Ifyouknowsomeoneyouknowdoingthis,youcanaskthem.15.

AllIeverwantedtodowastraveling.二、用关系代词填空：that、which、who、whom、whose1.

Thisistheman________wantstoseeyou.2.

Thestudent___________answeredthequestionisZhangHua.3.

Theman__________youwenttoseehascome.4.

Theman___________Imetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.5.

Thewoman_______________yousawisourgeographyteacher.6.

Therunner________________youareaskingaboutisoverthere.7.

Theperson______________youshouldwritetoisMr.Ball.8.

Theman___________waspassingbysawwhathappened.9.

Hereisthepen_________youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.10.

Thesebooks_____________youlentmewereveryuseful.11.

Thestorybook____________Ihavejustreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.12.

Aclockisamachine______tellspeoplethetime.13.

Thisisshirt_______________Iboughtyesterday.14.

Adictionaryisabook_____________givesthemeaningtotheword.15.

Thebook____________isonthetableismine.16.

Thefilm____________theyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.17.

Iwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplaces_____Ihaveevervisited.18.

Isthereanyone____________familyisinBeijing?19.

Showmetheboy______________motherisawell-knownsinger.20.

Theboy______fatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.三、单项选择()1.YourteacherofChineseisayounglady____comesfromBeijing.A.who B.which C.whom D.whose()3.Thestudentswereallinterested____youtoldthemyesterday.A.inwhichB.inthatthisC.allthat D.ineverything()4.Hewastheonlypersoninhisoffice______wasinvited.A.whom B.whose C.that D.which(