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Supercharge
your
codingworkflow
with
ChatGPT
andGitHub
Copilot#NICAR23Jonathan
Soma,
js4571@,
@dangerscarf,
/supercharge-coding-ai-toolsJonathan
Soma,
js4571@,
@dangerscarf,
Don't
hold
your
questions
untilthe
end,
just
raise
your
hand.There's
always
something
newWe
would
like
to
scrape
awebsite,
but
we
just
learned
alittle
tiny
bit
of
Python
at
NICARHelp
knowing
where
to
startThere
aremany
toolsthat
you
canuse
toscrape
websites,including:Beautiful
Soup:
A
Python
libraryfor
pullingdata
outofHTML
and
XML
files.Scrapy:
An
open-source
andcollaborative
web
crawlingframeworkforPython.ParseHub:
A
web
scraping
toolthat
allows
youto
extractdata
from
dynamic
websites
(JavaScript,
AJAX,
etc.)Octoparse:
A
web
scrapingtool
thatcan
beused
toextractdatafromwebsiteswithoutcoding.WebHarvy:
A
visual
web
scraper
that
can
be
used
toscrapedatafrom
websites
without
coding.Cheerio:
A
fast,
flexible,and
leanimplementation
ofcorejQuery
designedspecifically
for
the
server.Selenium:
abrowser
automationtool
thatcan
beused
toscrape
data
fromwebsites
that
use
JavaScript
toloadcontent.Puppeteer:
aNode.js
librarythat
providesa
high-levelAPI
to
controlheadless
Chrome
or
Chromiumover
theDevTools
Protocol.These
arejust
a
few
examplesof
the
manyweb
scrapingtools
available.
The
choice
oftool
will
dependon
yourspecific
needsand
thetype
ofwebsite
youare
tryingtoscrape.What
are
some
tools
I
could
use
to
scrape
web
sites?Here
are
somepopular
web
scraping
tools
thatyou
can
usewithPython:Beautiful
Soup:
A
Python
libraryfor
pullingdata
outofHTML
and
XML
files.
It
allows
youto
parsethe
HTMLand
XML
documents
and
find
the
data
youneed
usingselectors
like
CSSand
XPath.Scrapy:
An
open-source
andcollaborative
web
crawlingframework
for
Python.
It
providesan
integrated
way
tofollow
links
andextractdata
fromwebsites.Selenium:
A
browser
automationtool
thatcan
beused
toscrape
data
fromwebsites
that
use
JavaScript
toloadcontent.
Seleniumcan
beused
withPython
usingtheSelenium
Pythonbindings.PyQuery:
A
Python
library
similar
to
jQuery
thatallowsyou
tomake
jQueryqueries
on
XML
documents.
Itis
alightweight
library
thatallows
youto
manipulateHTMLand
XML
documents
in
anatural
way.Requests-HTML:
A
python
library
for
parsing
HTML
andXML
with
anHTTP
client.
It
isbuilt
ontop
ofrequestsand
allowsyou
to
interact
withweb
pages
ina
simpleandintuitiveway.lxml:
A
python
libraryfor
processing
XML
and
HTML.It
isbuilt
on
topof
libxml2
and
libxslt,
andprovides
a
simpleandefficientwayto
extract
data
from
web
pages.Mechanize:
A
python
libraryfor
automatinginteractionwithwebsites.
Itallows
youto
fillin
forms,and
simulateabrowser'sbehavior.These
toolsare
widelyused
in
Pythonweb
scraping,they
allhavetheir
ownadvantages
anddisadvantages.
The
choiceof
toolwill
depend
onyour
specificneeds
and
thetype
ofwebsiteyou
aretrying
toscrape.What
are
some
tools
I
could
use
to
scrape
web
sites
using
Python?Beautiful
Soup
is
often
considered
one
of
the
easiesttools
to
use
for
web
scraping
with
Python.
It
is
a
Pythonlibrary
for
pulling
data
out
of
HTML
and
XML
files,
and
itallows
you
to
parse
the
HTML
and
XML
documents
andfind
the
data
you
need
using
selectors
like
CSS
andXPath.
It
is
designed
to
make
it
easy
to
navigate,
search,and
modify
the
parse
tree.It
has
a
simple
and
intuitive
API,
and
its
documentation
iswell-organized
and
easy
to
follow,
making
it
a
greatchoice
for
beginners.
It
also
has
a
large
community
ofusers,
so
there
are
plenty
of
resources
available
to
helpyou
with
any
questions
or
issues
you
may
have.Another
tool
that
is
easy
to
use
for
scraping
web
pages
isrequests-html.
It
is
built
on
top
of
requests
and
allows
you
to
interact
with
web
pages
in
a
simple
and
intuitiveway,
it
has
similar
methods
as
BeautifulSoup
for
parsingpages,
but
is
also
compatible
with
JS
rendered
pages.It's
important
to
note
that
when
scraping
web
pages,
it'simportant
to
check
the
website's
terms
of
use
and
to
berespectful
of
the
website's
resources
and
servers.
Somewebsites
may
block
scraper
or
have
CAPTCHAs
toprevent
scraping.What
is
the
easiest
tool
I
could
use
to
scrape
web
sites
using
Python?Caveat?
Benefit?:
Prompt
engineeringCaveat:
Staying
up
to
dateThere
areseveral
popular
CSSframeworks
thatare
widelyused
in
web
development:Bootstrap:
Bootstrap
isone
of
the
most
popularCSSframeworks.
It
isan
open-sourceframework
thatprovidesa
responsive
grid
systemand
pre-designed
UIcomponentssuch
asbuttons,forms,
andnavigation.Foundation:FoundationisanotherpopularCSSframework
thatprovides
aresponsive
gridsystem
andpre-designed
UIcomponents.
It
alsoincludes
additionalfeatures
such
as
flexbox,accessibility,
and
anadvancedHTML/CSS/JS
framework.Bulma:
Bulmais
a
lightweight
CSSframework
thatfocuses
on
providinga
consistent
and
moderndesign.
Itincludes
a
responsive
gridsystem,
pre-designed
UIcomponents,
andsupport
forSass.TailwindCSS:
Tailwind
CSS
is
a
utility-first
CSSframework
that
provideslow-levelutility
classesforcontrolling
layout,spacing,
andmore.
Itis
designedto
becustomizable
and
composable,
anddoes
not
include
pre-designed
UI
components.Materialize:Materializeisa
CSS
framework
thatisbased
onthe
MaterialDesign
guidelinescreated
byGoogle.
Itprovides
a
responsivegrid
systemand
pre-designed
UIcomponents
that
aredesigned
tolook
andfeellike
MaterialDesign.These
are
justa
few
examples
ofwidely
used
CSSframeworks,
andthere
aremany
othergood
optionsavailable
as
well.
The
best
choice
for
youwill
depend
onyour
specific
needsand
preferences.What
are
some
minimalist
CSS
frameworks
to
use
for
designing
a
web
page?My
training
data
was
current
as
of
2021,
so
my
knowledge
is
current
up
until
that
point.
I
amnot
aware
of
any
updates
or
changes
that
have
occurred
since
then.When
is
your
information
current
to?/Kantrowitz/status/1613168223054188545Beautiful
Soup
is
often
considered
one
of
the
easiesttools
to
use
for
web
scraping
with
Python.
It
is
a
Pythonlibrary
for
pulling
data
out
of
HTML
and
XML
files,
and
itallows
you
to
parse
the
HTML
and
XML
documents
andfind
the
data
you
need
using
selectors
like
CSS
andXPath.
It
is
designed
to
make
it
easy
to
navigate,
search,and
modify
the
parse
tree.It
has
a
simple
and
intuitive
API,
and
its
documentation
iswell-organized
and
easy
to
follow,
making
it
a
greatchoice
for
beginners.
It
also
has
a
large
community
ofusers,
so
there
are
plenty
of
resources
available
to
helpyou
with
any
questions
or
issues
you
may
have.Another
tool
that
is
easy
to
use
for
scraping
web
pages
isrequests-html.
It
is
built
on
top
of
requests
and
allows
you
to
interact
with
web
pages
in
a
simple
and
intuitiveway,
it
has
similar
methods
as
BeautifulSoup
for
parsingpages,
but
is
also
compatible
with
JS
rendered
pages.It's
important
to
note
that
when
scraping
web
pages,
it'simportant
to
check
the
website's
terms
of
use
and
to
berespectful
of
the
website's
resources
and
servers.
Somewebsites
may
block
scraper
or
have
CAPTCHAs
toprevent
scraping.What
is
the
easiest
tool
I
could
use
to
scrape
web
sites
using
Python?Help
with
examples
and
samplecodeSource:
https://diataxis.fr/Here
is
a
simple
example
of
how
you
can
use
BeautifulSoup
toscrape
headlines
from
a
news
website:In
the
above
code
snippet,
we
first
send
a
request
to
the
newswebsite
using
the
requests
library.
Then
we
parse
the
HTMLcontent
using
BeautifulSoup's
html.parser.After
that,
we
are
using
the
find_all()
method
to
find
all
theh2
tags
in
the
HTML
which
represent
the
headlines
in
this
case.
Then
we
are
using
a
for
loop
to
iterate
over
the
headlinesand
printing
out
the
text
of
each
headline
using
the
textattribute.It
is
important
to
note
that
the
exact
selectors
and
tags
used
tofind
the
headlines
will
depend
on
the
specific
website
andstructure
of
the
HTML.Please
keep
in
mind
that
some
websites
may
block
scraping
orhave
CAPTCHAs
to
prevent
scraping.
It's
important
to
berespectful
of
a
website's
resources
and
servers
and
check
thewebsite's
terms
of
use
before
scraping.Please
write
a
very
simple
example
of
scraping
with
BeautifulSoup
where
you
printout
all
of
the
headlines
on
a
news
website七
。蛐bbc.comI
NewsAt
least
57Murdaugh
juror\Mental
health玉已I
Elements•••c!J
*屯呛臼咕青□.;>>y11
tabindex=11-l11
aria-hidden=11t
rue11>:·.
</a></div></li><li
class=11media-list_item
media-list—item--211>0·
</li>T<li
class=11media-list_item
media-list_item--311>T<div
class=11media
media--ove
rlayblock-link"data-bbc-container=11hero11data-bbc-title=11The
Indian-American
CEO
who
wants
to
be
US
president"data-bbc-source=11India11
data-bbc-metadata=11{11CHD11:
"card:
:311
}11><div
class=11media_image11>…</div>T
<div
class=11media—content">T
<h3
class=11media_title11>
==
$0<a
class=11media—link"
href=11!1tt
www_._bb_c_._c_om
w_o_r:ld-=as_i_a=-ind
ia=-6A_8_07
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Iheadline">-
</a></h3><a
class=11media—tag
tag
tag--india11href=11L..
rev=11hero3
Isou
rce11>news_…</a></div><a
class=11block-link—overlay-link"href="区扭...
jia.media--overlay.block-link
div.media
content
h3.mediatitleStyles
ComputedFilterLayout
Event
Listeners
>>017
A
1众...X...:
hov.els+..,.甲团.丿~丿upyterScraping
headlines
from
the
BBC
homepage
Last
Checkpoint:
a
few
seconds
ago(autosaved)虎俨LogoutFile
Edit
View
InsertCell
KernelWidgets
HelpTrustedI
Python
3
(ipykernel)
0个「江I►
Run
■
C片笸
+
茨屯贮In
[l]:I
import
requestsMarkdownV芦1£rom
bs4import
Beau豆fulSoup#Make
an
HTTP
reques七七o七hewebsi七eurl
='https:///'
response=reques七s.ge七(url)#
Parse七he
HTML con七en七soup=
Beau七ifulSoup(response.text,'html.parser')#
Findheadlines=all
headlinessoup.find_all('h3')#
Prin七OU七七he七ex七of
each
headline|
forheadline
in
headlines:print(headline.tex七)UK
willprovideChallenger2七anks
to
Ukraine
-
SunakIran
executes
British-Iranian
Akbarion
spy
chargesTop
secre七documents
reportedly
found
in
Biden
cacheCaveat:
Nothing's
perfect!Caveat:
Nothing's
perfect
does
thingsexactly
how
I,
Jonathan
Soma,
the
personwith
the
most
opinions,
wants"normal"
BeautifulSoupCSS
selectors"get
all
the
links"links
=
[]for
title
in
doc.find_all("h3",class_='title'):link
=
title.find('a')links.append(link)links
=
doc.select("h3.title
a")Iteration
and
the
value
of
contextYes,you
can
use
CSS
selectors
with
BeautifulSoup
tofindelements
on
awebpageinstead
ofthefind_all()
method.BeautifulSoup
provides
a
select()
method
thatallows
youtouse
CSSselectors
tofindelements.Here
isanexampleofhowyoucanuseCSSselectorswithBeautifulSoup
to
scrapeheadlines
froma
newswebsite:In
the
abovecodesnippet,
weare
usingthe
select()
methodto
findall
the
h2
tags
in
theHTML
whichrepresent
theheadlinesin
thiscase,using
theCSSselector
h2.
Thenwe
areusingaforloop
to
iterateover
theheadlines
and
printingout
thetext
ofeachheadline
usingthetext
attribute.It's
worth
notingthat
youcan
use
morecomplex
selectorstoselect
elements,
youcanuse
theselect()
methodwithselectors
like
.class
toselectelements
byclassand#id
toselect
elementsbyid.It's
important
to
notethat
selectors
and
cssclasses
used
tofindthe
headlines
willdepend
onthe
specific
websiteand
structureofthe
HTML.Please
keepinmindthatsome
websitesmayblockscrapingorhave
CAPTCHAs
to
preventscraping.
It's
important
toberespectful
ofawebsite's
resourcesandservers
andcheckthewebsite's
terms
ofuse
beforescraping.Can
we
do
that
using
CSS
selectors
instead
of
.find_all?Yes,
you
can
remove
whitespace
from
before
and
after
the
headline
text
using
the
strip()
methodin
python.Here
is
an
example
of
how
you
can
use
the
strip()
method
to
remove
whitespace
from
beforeand
after
the
headlines:In
the
above
code
snippet,
we
are
usingthe
strip()
method
to
remove
any
whitespace
from
before
and
after
the
headline
text.
Thismethod
removes
any
leading
or
trailing
whitespace
characters
(spaces,
tabs,
newlines,
etc.)
in
thestring.You
can
also
use
the
lstrip()
or
rstrip()
method
if
you
want
to
remove
whitespace
only
fromthe
left
or
right
side
of
the
string
respectively.It's
important
to
note
that
some
websites
may
have
non-printable
characters
in
their
HTML,
in
suchcases
you
can
use
the
.replace()
method
or
a
regular
expression
to
remove
those
characters.Can
we
remove
whitespace
from
before/after
the
headline?The
CSS
selector
for
an
a
tag
with
the
class
of
"media
link"
immediately
inside
of
an
h3
tag
with
theclass
of
"media
title"
is
h3.media
title
>
a.media
link.This
selector
uses
the
child
combinator
>
to
match
only
a
tags
that
are
immediate
children
of
h3
tags.The
h3.media
title
selector
targets
an
h3
tag
with
the
class
of
"media
title"
anda.media
link
targets
an
a
tag
with
the
class
of
"media
link".You
can
also
use
the
space
combinator
to
select
a
tags
that
are
descendants
of
h3
tags.
For
exampleh3.media
title
a.media
link
will
select
all
the
a
tags
with
class
of
"media
link"
that
areinside
of
an
h3
tag
with
class
of
"media
title".It's
important
to
note
that
the
above
selectors
assume
that
the
website's
HTML
structure
follows
theexact
format
as
described,
in
some
cases
the
website's
structure
may
be
different.What
is
the
CSS
selector
for
an
a
tag
with
the
class
of
"media
link"
immediatelyinside
of
an
h3
tag
with
the
class
of
"media
title"?You
can
use
the
get()
method
to
access
the
hrefattribute
of
an
a
tag
that
is
selected
by
BeautifulSoup.Here
is
an
example
of
how
you
can
out
the
hrefattribute
of
an
a
tag:In
the
above
code
snippet,
we
are
using
the
select()method
to
find
all
the
a
tags
with
class
of
"media
link"and
then
using
a
for
loop
to
iterate
over
the
links,
andusing
the
get()
method
to
access
the
href
attribute
ofeach
link.It's
worth
noting
that
if
the
href
attribute
is
not
present
inthe
HTML,
the
get()
method
will
return
None
so
youshould
check
the
returned
value
of
get()
method
beforeusing
it.How
do
I
out
the
href
for
an
element
selected
by
BeautifulSoup?Caveat:
Not
everything
is
understandable...Anti-caveat:
AI
accepts
infinite
follow-upsrequests.get()
is
used
to
make
an
HTTP
GET
request
to
a
specified
URL.
The
get()
method
ispart
of
the
requests
library,
which
is
a
popular
library
for
sending
HTTPrequests
in
Python.An
HTTP
GET
request
is
the
most
common
type
of
request
and
is
used
to
retrieve
data
from
a
server.The
request
contains
a
URL,
which
specifies
the
location
of
the
resource
to
be
retrieved.
The
serverthen
responds
with
the
requested
resource,
if
it
exists,
and
a
status
code
indicating
whether
therequest
was
successful.The
get()
method
takes
one
argument,
which
is
the
URL
of
the
resource
to
be
retrieved.
It
returns
aresponse
object,
which
contains
the
server's
response
to
the
request.
The
response
object
hasvarious
properties
and
methods,
such
as
text,
content,
status_code,
etc.
that
can
be
used
toaccess
and
analyze
the
response.You
can
also
use
the
post()
method
to
make
a
HTTP
POSTrequest,
put()
to
make
a
HTTP
PUTrequest
and
delete()
to
make
a
HTTP
DELETE
request
etc.It's
important
to
note
that
the
requests
library
is
not
part
of
the
python
standard
library,
so
you
needto
install
it
before
using
it
in
your
code
using
pip
install
requests.Why
is
it
requests.get?The
requests.get()
function
is
used
to
retrieve
information
from
a
website.
It
is
a
function
from
apython
library
called
requests.
When
you
use
this
function,
you
provide
the
website's
address,
andthe
function
sends
a
request
to
that
website
asking
for
information.
The
website
then
sends
back
aresponse
which
includes
the
information
you
asked
for.
The
get()
method
is
just
one
of
the
manyHTTP
requests
that
you
can
use
to
interact
with
a
website.
There
are
also
post(),
put(),delete(),
etc.It's
important
to
note
that
requests
is
not
part
of
the
python
standard
library
and
you
need
to
install
itbefore
using
it
in
your
code
by
running
pip
install
requests
in
your
command
line.Please
keep
in
mind
that
some
websites
may
block
scraping
or
have
CAPTCHAs
to
prevent
scraping.It's
important
to
be
respectful
of
a
website's
resources
and
servers
and
check
the
website's
terms
ofuse
before
scraping.Explain
that
in
much
less
technical
languageI
have
a
dataframe
with
two
columns,
countyand
social
spending.
I
am
using
the
followingR
code
to
plot
a
horizontal
bar
graph
of
eachcountry's
social
spendinglibrary(ggplot2)ggplot(df)
+aes(x=`Social
Spending`,
y=Country)
+geom_col()how
do
i
make
it
sort
the
bars
by
socialspendingYou
can
sort
the
bars
in
descending
order
of
social
spending
byadding
the
"desc"
argument
to
the
"arrange"
function
within
theggplot
call.
Here's
the
modified
codeThe
"coord_flip"
function
flips
the
x
and
y
axes
to
createahorizontal
bar
chart.
The
"labs"
function
sets
the
x-axis
label
to"Social
Spending".
The
"theme_bw"
function
sets
the
plotbackground
to
white,
and
the
"theme"
function
centers
the
plot
title.The
"scale_x_continuous"
function
formats
the
x-axis
labels
asdollar
amounts.
The
"scale_y_discrete"
function
reverses
the
orderof
the
y-axis
categories.
Finally,
the
"geom_text"
function
addsdollar
values
as
labels
to
the
bars,
and
the
"geom_col"
functionYes,
you
can
add
the
reorder
function
inside
the
aescall
to
sort
the
bars
by
the
Social
Spendingcolumn.
Here's
the
modified
code
with
this
approach:is
there
a
way
to
do
this
that
doesn't
add
asmuch
codewIn
this
code,
the
reorder
function
sorts
the
Countryvariable
by
the
SocialSpending
variable,
which
isdone
inside
the
aes
call.
This
creates
a
bar
chart
withbars
sorted
by
social
spending,
without
the
need
foradditional
geom_col
or
arrange
calls.
The
labsfunction
adds
axis
labels,
and
the
theme_bw
functionsets
a
white
background.Translating
your
skillsHere
is
an
example
of
how
you
can
use
Playwright
to
scrapeheadlines
and
hrefs
from
a
news
website,
instead
of
usingBeautifulSoup:Translate
the
code
below
into
using
playwright
instead
of
using
BeautifulSoup:Caveat:
Very
much
not
perfectFixing
bugsI
apologize
for
the
confusion.You
should
use
import
playwright
instead
of
fromplaywright
import
async_playwright
in
the
firstline
of
the
code.Here
is
the
corrected
code:I'm
getting
the
error
"ImportError:
cannot
import
name
'async_playwright'
from'playwright'"The
error
"RuntimeError:
This
event
loop
is
already
running"
israised
because
the
event
loop
is
already
running
and
you
can'tcreate
a
new
one.You
could
fix
this
error
by
removing
the
lineasyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(main())
from
the
code,
because
it
is
trying
to
run
the
event
loopagain,
and
the
event
loop
is
already
running.Here
is
the
corrected
code:I'm
getting
the
error
"RuntimeError:
This
event
loop
is
already
running"The
error
"UnboundLocalError:
local
variable
'playwright'referen
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