新视野大学英语4期末考试范围

本材料为新视野大学英语4Unit1--Unit5SectionA课后练习根据老师的出题范围有所删减Unit1③1.Asthegenderbarriers(crumbled),thenumberofwomenworkingaslawyers,doctors,orbankersbegantoincreasesignificantlyfromthemid-20thcentury.2.Withthedatacollectedeachyear,theowneroftheshopcan(discern)customertrendsandhowthingslikeweatherandeconomicindicatorsaffectsalesperformance.3.Hissupervisorpushesandmotivateshiminsuchapositivemannerthatheisnotonlyabletoreachbutto(surpass)hispersonalgoals.4.Heisamanwitha(n)(shrewd)businesssense.Hehasbuilthisinitialinvestmentintoasubstantialandevenexcessivelylargefortune.5.The(conversion)ofnuclearradiationdirectlyintoelectricitywasanexcitingpossibilitythatwasbeingvigorouslyexploredinmanylaboratoriesinthe1950s.6.Iwasnotonlyshockedbutalsodisgustedthatthereporttriedto(distort)thescientificfactsinsuchamannerthatevensomehighly-educatedpeoplewerefooled.7.Sixty-twoandblessedwithhismother'sskin,thefishermanhadwithstoodalifetimeofexposuretothesunandlookedas(radiant)asamaninhisforties.8.FrencheducatorLouisBrailleinventedasimplebut(ingenious)codewhichhashadanimpactonthelivesofgenerationsofpeoplewhoareblind.9.Thesenatorsdidn'texpectustoasksuchtoughquestions,andwhenwefinallydid,theygot(stumped)anddidn'tknowwhattosay.10.Thisnewlyestablisheduniversitysupportsthe(proposition)thatamorediversehighereducationsystemisdesirablesinceitwouldenhanceopportunitiesforlifelonglearning.Unit2③1.Weneedtoimprovethequalityofeducationsothatourchildrenwillnotleaveschool(deficient)inliteraryandreasoningskills.2.Inasocietygovernedbytheruleoflaw,everycitizenissubjecttopossible(prosecution)ifheviolatesthelaw.3.Thepaygapbetweenaverageworkersandtopcorporateofficershasledtopubic(outrage)asexecutivesreceivelargepackagesdespitefallingshareprices.4.Thedeliciousmeal(appeased)ourhungerandmadeusfeelwarmagainafterhavingwalkedinthesnowallday.5.Themilitaryinsistson(conformity)inmanyareas,forexample,dressandhaircut,withtheprimaryobjectiveofpromotinggroupunity.6.Mydaughterusedtoplaywiththedogbytakinga(n)(strand)ofitshairandthenspendingalongtimerubbing,combingandtwistingit.7.Whensheleftfortheparty,shetookgreatcaretomakehernecklaceandshoes(complement)herdress.8.Itwasnecessarytoprovidelivingplacesfor(transient)immigrantspassingthroughtheareaontheirwaytomorepermanentdwellings.9.Theyhadjustmovedin,sotheyneededtobuyanumberofkitchen(appliances),includingamicrowaveoven,atoaster,andacoffeemaker.10.Shewantedabeautifulandelegant(outfit)toattendtheweddingofafriend,butcouldn'tfindanythingsatisfactoryinthenearbyshops.Unit3③1.Thecurtainschangedtheatmosphereofthehousecompletelyandmadeitintoaplaceof(exquisite)beauty.2.Asthesun(dispersed)theclouds,weenjoyedourafternoonofplayingcardsintheforestundertheclearskyandobservingthemostspectacularviewIhaveeverseeninmylife.3.Thebigcompany(decentralized)theiroperationslastyearandopenedseveralregionalofficesinthecountrytomeettheneedsofthemarket.4.Itisnoteasyto(deduce)atrendofgrowthfromtheavailablefactssincetheyarequitescarceandnotthatconvincing.5.Formerlyfoundonlyinlargeindustrialapplications,microwaveovensnowhavebecomeastandard(fixture)ofmostmodernkitchens.6.Hecallsonthepublictosaveineverydaylifeandbelievesthat(frugality)isthekeytobattlingaculturethatrewardsmindlessconsumption.7.Heissuitableforthepositionasheisyoungenoughtounderstandwhattheteenagersthinkbutoldenoughto(administrate)theirprograms.8.Whenaskedaboutherwhereaboutsat9o'clockthatnight,shegavearather(disjointed)response,whichcaughtthedetective'sattention.9.(Reviving)thestalledeconomyandstickingtopromisestobringthedeficitdownnextyearisprovingtobetheprincipaltestforthenewpresident.10.Aconsiderableperiodoftimehasto(elapse)beforetheeffectsofsuchsecuritymeasuresasclosed-circuittelevisioncamerasandcell-phonemonitoringbecomeevidentinreducingcrimes.Unit4③1.Iwillconductatop-to-bottomreviewofthestatedepartments,agencies,andcommissions,andseekto(consolidate)ortoeliminatethemwhereappropriate.2.Toa10-year-oldgirl,youneedtoofferunderstandingaboutherwishesandhelpher(differentiate)betweenfantasyandreality.3.Whenweheardaboutthe(dreadful)sufferingofthechildrenandadults,ourprimaryinstinct,likemillionsofothers,wastoshedtears.4.Itwaswhenwestartedlivingtogetherthatwefound,tooursadnessandsurprise,thatwewere(incompatible).5.Itwas(alleged)thathehadtakena$50,000bribebeforetheprojectwastransferredtoanothercompany.6.Thebudgetproposalhasbeendescribedas"(bizarre)"and"inappropriate"bypeopleobjectingtoit.7.Itseemsthatwhatpeoplebelieveandwhatresearchershavefoundoutaboutthe(correlation)betweenwealthandhappinessaremoredifferentthanoverlapping.8.Currentexpenditureinthismuseumis(negligible)incomparisonwiththehugeamountwhichforeignmuseumsofsimilarstandingspend.3.SchoolsintheUSbelievethatcheatinginexaminations(runsagainstthegrain)ofthe"honorsystem"proposedbyTomasJeffersonhundredsofyearsago.4.Beingamajorglobalconcern,rapidpopulationgrowthisbelievedbymanyto(beincompatiblewith)sustainablemanagementoftheenvironment.5.Itseemsthatmanypeoplehave(comethrough)periodsofstress,withmorephysicalandmentalvigorthantheyhadbefore.6.Moreandmorenativeplantsdisappeareveryyear.Savingthemisimportantbecauseourownsurvival(isboundup)withtheirfate.7.It'suptoyouto(differentiatebetween)thosewhohaveyourinterestsatheartandthosewhowouldtakeadvantageofyou.8.AlthoughJ.K.Rowling'sHarryPotternovelsarewrittenfor"ages9-12",they(havestruckachordwith)manyolderreaders.Unit5⑦1.Wechattedforhalfanhourbeforehefinally(gottothepoint):HewantedtoworkasabusinessconsultantandwonderedifIcouldpassalongthenamesofcertainpotentialclients.2.Scientistsattheresearchcenteridentifiedvariousfeaturesthat(areattachedto)thecommoditiespurchasedbyfemaleconsumers.3.Thethreemountainclimbers(wouldhavestarvedtodeath)ifthevillagershadnotfoundthemlyingatthebottomofthevalley.4.Theboylookeduptimidlyathisfatherwhowassittingnexttohim,buthedidn'tstopcrying.(Ifanything),hiscryingbecamemoreintense.5.Sincenooneknewhowthediseasespread,they(weresuspiciousof)everything,includingmosquitoes,swimmingpools,andpeoplefromotherneighborhoods.6.Atthepressconference,thegovernmentspokesmanavoidedansweringthequestionabouthealth-carereformdirectly.Insteadhejust(wanderedaround)totalkabouttheharsheconomicsituation.7.Mr.Rogers,whomyoumetinthemuseumyesterday,worksasasoftwareengineerandplaysfolkmusic(ontheside).8.Theseschoolswereselectedforoursurveybecausethecompositionoftheirstudentbodies(wasrepresentativeof)thedistrict'senrollment,whichincludedalargeproportionofchildrenfromimmigrantfamilies.英译汉UNIT1AristotlewasanancientGreekphilosopherandscientist.亚里士多德是古希腊的哲学家和科学家。Hiswritingscovermanysubjects,includingphysics,biology,zoology,logic,ethics,poetry,theater,music,linguistics,politicsandgovernment,andconstitutethefirstcomprehensivesystemofWesternphilosophy.他的作品涵盖了许多学科，包括物理学、生物学、动物学、逻辑学、伦理学、诗歌、戏剧、音乐、语言学、政治和政府，构成了第一个综合的西方哲学体系。Aristotlewasthefirsttoclassifyareasofhumanknowledgeintodistinctdisciplinessuchasmathematics,biology,andethics.亚里士多德是第一个将人类的知识领域划分为不同学科的人，如数学，生物学和伦理学。Hebelievedallpeople'sconceptsandalltheirknowledgewereultimatelybasedonperception.他相信人所有的观念和所有的知识在根本上都是基于感知能力。Hisviewsonnaturalscienceslaidthegroundworkformanyofhisworks.他对自然科学的看法构成了他许多作品的基础。Hecontributedtoalmosteveryfieldofhumanknowledgeinhisera.他几乎对他所处时期的每一个人类知识领域都作出了贡献。Hisworkscontaintheearliestknownformalstudyoflogic,andeventodayallaspectsofAristotle'sphilosophycontinuetobetheimportantsubjectofacademicstudy.他的作品包含了人们所知的最早的关于逻辑的正式研究，即使在今天，亚里士多德哲学所涵盖的方方面面仍是学术研究的重要课题。Hisphilosophyhadalong-lastinginfluenceonthedevelopmentofallWesternphilosophicaltheories.他的哲学对所有的西方哲学理论的发展有着经久不衰的影响。Morethan2,300yearsafterhisdeath,Aristotleremainsoneofthemostinfluentialphilosophersandscientists.在去世2,300多年后，亚里士多德仍是最有影响力的哲学家和科学家之一。UNIT2WilliamShakespeareiswidelyregardedasthegreatestwriterintheEnglishlanguageandtheworld'spre-eminent(杰出的)dramatist.人们普遍认为，威廉?莎士比亚是最伟大的英语作家和世界杰出的戏剧家。Hisplayshavebeentranslatedintoavastnumberoflanguagesandareperformedmoreoftenthanthoseofanyotherplaywright.他的剧本被译成多种语言，并且比其他任何剧作家的作品都上演得多。Shakespeare'searlyworksweremostlycomediesandhistories,莎士比亚的早期作品大多是喜剧和历史剧。whichhavethereputationofbeingamongthefinestmasterpiecesproducedinthesegenres(体裁)eventoday.即使在今天，这些作品仍是同类作品中的杰作，享有绝佳声望。Lateron,Shakespearewrotemainlytragedies,someofwhich,likeHamletandKingLear,earnedhimfameintheentireWesternliterature.后来莎士比亚的创作主要是悲剧，其中一些作品，如《哈姆雷特》和《李尔王》，为其在整个西方文学界赢得了声誉。ThemoststrikingfeaturesofShakespearearehisbrilliantuseoflanguageandhisuniversalthemes.莎士比亚最显著的特点是其精彩的语言运用及具有普遍意义的主题。HecontributedthousandsofwordstoEnglish,manyofwhichhavebecomeembeddedinthelanguage.他创造了数千个英语词汇，其中许多已经深植于英语中。Histhemesaresouniversalthattheytranscendgenerationstostirtheimaginationsofreadersandaudiencesworldwide.他的作品主题具有普遍意义，所以能够数代流传，激发世界各地读者和观众的想象力。Shakespearehasinfluencedandinspiredmanywritersoverthecenturies.数世纪以来，莎士比亚影响和激励了许多作家。Hiswritingsremainhighlypopulartoday,andtheyareconstantlystudied,performed,andreinterpretedindiverseculturesthroughouttheworld.其作品至今依旧广受欢迎，在世界各地的文化中被不断地研究、上演和诠释。Shakespearewillcontinuetohaveanenormousimpactonfutureplaywrights,novelists,poets,actors,andscholars.莎士比亚将继续对未来的剧作家、小说家、诗人、演员和学者产生巨大影响。UNIT3WiththedevelopmentofcomputerscienceandtheInternettechnology,socialnetworkingservices(SNS)havecometobeawidelypopularplatformtobuildsocialnetworksorsocialrelationsamongpeopleinrecentyears.近年来，随着计算机科学和互联网技术的发展，社交网络服务（SNS）已经成为人们构建社交网络和社会关系的一个广受欢迎的平台。SNSareweb-basedservicesthatallowindividualstocreateapublicprofile,createalistofuserswithwhomtoshareconnection,andviewandcrosstheconnectionswithinthesystem.SNS是基于网页的服务，允许个人创建面向公众的个人简介，创建用户名单以分享社会联系，并对系统内的关系网进行浏览和交叉连接。Socialnetworkingsitesarevariedandtheyincorporatenewinformationandcommunicationtools,allowinguserstoshareideas,pictures,posts,activities,events,interestswithpeopleintheirnetwork.社交网站多种多样，可整合各种新的信息及通讯工具，并允许用户跟网络中的其他人分享观点、图片、帖子、活动、事件以及兴趣爱好等。SNShaveaffectedthesociallifeandactivityofpeopleinvariousways.SNS已通过各种方式影响到人们的社会生活以及社交活动。Withitsavailabilityonmanymobiledevices,asocialnetworkingserviceallowstheuserstocontinuouslystayintouchwithfriends,relativesandotheracquaintanceswherevertheyareintheworld,aslongasthereisaccesstotheInternet.随着各种移动设备对SNS访问的实现，只要能连接上互联网，用户在世界上的任何地方都能一直与朋友、亲戚及其他认识的人保持联络。Asocialnetworkingservicecanalsounitepeoplewithcommoninterestsandbeliefsthroughgroupsandotherpages,andhasbeenknowntoreunitelostfamilymembersandfriendsbecauseofthewidespreadreachofitsnetwork.SNS还可让拥有相同兴趣和信念的人通过群组或其他页面建立联系，同时，由于其网络分布广阔，还能让失散的家庭成员或朋友重新团聚，这点早已为人所知。UNIT4BaroquearchitectureisabuildingstylethatflourishedinEuropebetweenthelate16thandmid-18thcentury.巴洛克建筑是一种建筑风格，兴盛于16世纪晚期至18世纪中期的欧洲。ItevolvedoutofRenaissancearchitectureinItaly,whentheRenaissancearchitectsbegantogetboredofthesymmetry(对称)andsameoldformstheyhadbeenusingforthepast200years,andstartedtomakebold,curvingandnotatallsymmetricalbuildingscalledtheBaroquebuildings.它由意大利文艺复兴时期的建筑发展而来，当时文艺复兴建筑师开始对过去200多年来一直沿用的对称的、一成不变的旧建筑形式感到厌倦，开始建造醒目的、具有曲线性而非对称的巴洛克建筑。Baroque-stylebuildingssharesomecommoncharacteristics.巴洛克风格的建筑有一些共同特征。Marble,gilt(镀金)andbronzewerethematerialstheBaroquearchitectsusedinabundance.大理石、镀金、青铜是巴洛克建筑师大量使用的材料。OvalwasthemostdistinctandaverycommonshapeincorporatedintoBaroquearchitecture.椭圆形是巴洛克建筑最鲜明且十分常见的形状。Dramaticuseoflightisimportant,andisachievedeitherthroughstronglight-and-shadecontrastsoruniformlightingbymeansofwindows.戏剧性的光照运用也是其重要特征，主要是通过强烈的光影对比或由窗户进入的均匀光线来实现。Opulentuseofcolorandornamentsisprevalent,ascanbeseeninthelarge-scalefrescoes(湿壁画)paintedontheceilings.丰富的色彩和装饰运用也很常见，这从天花板上的大幅壁画中可以看出。Thereisusuallyacentralprojectionthatisquitelargeandjutsoutward,anddomeserectedinapearshapeareoftenseen.巴洛克建筑通常正中还有一个相当大并且向外突出的部分，梨形的拱顶也十分常见。Themostwell-knownBaroquebuildingsincludetheSt.Paul'sCathedralintheUKandthePalaceofVersaillesinFrance.最著名的巴洛克建筑包括英国的圣保罗大教堂和法国的凡尔赛宫。GianLorenzoBerniniandFrancescoBorrominiwerethetwomainarchitectsoftheBaroqueera.杰安•劳伦佐•贝尼尼和弗朗西斯科•博罗米尼是巴洛克时期两位主要的建筑师。UNIT5TheRenaissancewasaninfluentialculturalmovementwhichbroughtaboutaperiodofscientificrevolutionandartistictransformationatthedawnofmodernEuropeanhistory.文艺复兴是一场影响巨大的文化运动。它在现代欧洲史的开端时期开创了一个科学革命和艺术变革时代。ItbeganinItalyandlaterspreadtotherestofEurope,immediatelyfollowingtheMiddleAgesandspanningroughlyfromthe14thtothe17thcentury.它始于意大利，之后蔓延到欧洲其他国家。它紧接在中世纪之后，贯穿14至17世纪。TheRenaissancewascharacterizedbyarevivalofinterestinclassicallearning,wisdomandvaluesfromtheAncientGreekandRomaneras.文艺复兴时期的特点是，人们对古希腊和古罗马时期的古典知识、智慧和价值观重新焕发了兴趣。Renaissancescholars