毕业水平考试课程参考答案

毕业水平考试课程参考答案毕业水平考试课程参考答案第1页,共25页广东外语外贸大学公开学院辅导资料毕业水平考试课程参考答案（课程代码：8267）I.ListeningComprehensionSectionAConversation1:1.A2.B3.A4.B5.AConversation2:1.D2.A3.B4.C5.CConversation3:1.B2.D3.D4.D5.CConversation4:1.A2.B3.C4.B5.AConversation5:1.D2.B3.B4.C5.BConversation6:1.A2.B3.D4.B5.AConversation7:1.D2.B3.A4.A5.BConversation8:1.B2.A3.A4.A5.CConversation9:1.B2.A3.C4.D5.BConversation10:1.C2.C3.B4.D5.AConversation11:1.B2.B3.A4.D5.AConversation12:1.D2.B3.B4.C5.AConversation13:1.C2.D3.A4.B5.CConversation14:1.D2.B3.C4.A5.AConversation15:1.C2.D3.A4.D5.DConversation16:1.C2.C3.B4.D5.AConversation17:1.A2.D3.B4.A5.CConversation18:1.B2.A3.D4.B5.CConversation19:1.D2.A3.D4.C5.BConversation20:1.B2.A3.C4.D5.BSectionBMonologue1:1.D2.C3.C4.A5.DMonologue2:1.A2.C3.D4.B5.BMonologue3:1.B2.C3.A4.B5.BMonologue4:1.D2.A3.D4.A5.AMonologue5:1.C2.B3.A4.B5.DMonologue6:1.C2.D3.A4.B5.BMonologue7:1.B2.A3.A4.D5.AMonologue8:1.A2.C3.A4.B5.DMonologue9:1.D2.A3.B4.C5.AMonologue10:1.B2.A3.A4.D5.CMonologue11:1.B2.D3.A4.C5.AMonologue12:1.B2.D3.C4.A5.DMonologue13:1.B2.B3.C4.A5.BMonologue14:1.D2.A3.B4.C5.AMonologue15:1.D2.C3.B4.A5.BMonologue16:1.B2.A3.A4.D5.CMonologue17:1.B2.D3.C4.A5.AMonologue18:1.D2.B3.A4.C5.DMonologue19:1.A2.A3.C4.A5.AMonologue20:1.D2.A3.D4.B5.DII.ProofreadingandClozeSectionA:ProofreadingPassage1TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)saysitsten-yearcampaigntoremoveleprosy(麻风病)asaworldhealthproblemhasbeensuccessful.DoctorBrundtland,headoftheWHO,saysanumberofleprosycasesaroundtheworldhas

beencutofninetypercentduringthepasttenyears.Shesays

effortsarecontinuingtocompleteendthedisease.

Leprosyiscausedbybacteriaspreadthroughliquidfromthenoseandmouth.Thediseasemainlyeffectstheskinand

nerves.Also,ifleprosyisnottreateditcancausepermanentdamagefortheskin,nerves,eyes,armsorlegs.

In1999,ainternationalcampaignbegantoendleprosy.TheWHO,governmentsofcountriesmostaffectingbythedisease,andseveralaothergroupsarepartofthecampaign.Thisallianceguaranteesthatallleprosypatients,even∧they

arepoor,hasarighttothemostmoderntreatment.DoctorBrundtlandsaysleprosyisnolongeradiseasethatrequirelife-longtreatmentsbymedicalexperts.Instead,patientscantakethatiscalledamulti-drugtherapy.This

moderntreatmentwillcureleprosyin6to12month,dependontheformofthedisease.Thetreatmentcombines

severaldrugstakingdailyoronceamonth.TheWHOhasgivenmulti-drugtherapytopatientsfreelyforthelastfive

years.Themembersoftheallianceagainstleprosyplantotargetthecountrieswhich∧stillthreatenedbyleprosy.Among

theestimating600,000victimsaroundtheworld,theWHObelievesabout70%areinIndia.ThediseasealsoremainsaprobleminAfricaandSouthAmerica.1____the________2__by或去掉of__3__completely__4_affects______5____√____6____to____7___an_____8__affected____9___other____10____if____11____have___12___√____13__requires___14___what___15____√__16___depending___17___taken___18____free___19___are____20__estimated___Passage2EveryweekhundredsofCVslandonourdesks.We’veseenitall:CVsprintedonpinkpaper,CVsthatare10pageslongandCVswithsillymistakesin^firstparagraph.AgoodCVisyourpassporttoaninterviewand,ultimate,tothejobyouwant.Initialimpressionsarevital,andabadlypresentedCVcouldmeanacceptance,regardlessofwhat’sinit.(S3)Hereareafewwaystoavoidendupontherejectpile.PrintyourCVongood-qualitywhitepaper.CVswithflowerybackgroundsorpinkpaperwillstandoutuponallthewrongreasons.Getsomeonetocheckforspellingandgrammaticalerrors,becauseaspell-checkerwill^pickupeverymistake.CVswitherrorswillberejected—itshowsthatyoudon’tpayattentiontodetail.Restrictyourselftooneortwopages,andlistinganypublicationsorrefereeonaseparatesheet.IfyouaresendingyourCVelectronically,checktheformattingbysendingittoyourselffirst.Keepuptheformatsimple.Donotsendaphotounlessspecificallyrequest.Ifyouhavetosendone,makesureitisonetakinginaprofessionalsetting,ratherthan^holidaysnap.Gettingthepresentationrightisjust^firststep.Whataboutthecontent?TheRulehereistokeepitfactualandtruthful-exaggerationsusuallygetfindout.Andremember^tailoryourCVtoeachdifferentjob.1_____the____2__ultimately__3______√_____4unacceptance/rejection5___ending___6_____√_____7_____for____8___not_______9_____√_____10____list____11___referees__12_____√_____13____up______14__requested__15___taken____16______a_____17_____the____18_____√_____19___found____20_____to_____Passage4Untilrecently,dyslexiaandotherreadingproblemswereamysterytomostteachersandparents.Asaresult,toomanykidspassedthroughschoolwithoutmastertheprintedpage.Someweretreatedasmentaldeficient:manywereleftfunctionallyilliterate，unabletoevermeettheirpotential.Butinthelastseveralyears,there’sbeenarevolutioninthatwe’velearnedaboutreadinganddyslexia.Scientistsareusingavarietyofnewimagingtechniquestowatchthebrainatwork.Theirexperimentshaveshownthatreadingdisordersaremostlikelytheresultofwhatis,inaneffect,faultywiringinthebrain—notlazy,stupidityorapoorhomeenvironment.There’salsoconvincingevidencewhichdyslexiaislargelyinherited.Itisnowconsideredachronicproblemforsomekids,notjusta“phase”.Scientisthavealsodiscardedanotheroldstereotypethatalmostalldyslexicsisboys.Studiesindicatethatmanygirlsareaffectingaswellandnotgettinghelp.At^sametime,educationalresearchershavecomeupwithinnovativeteachingstrategiesforkidswhoarehavingtroublelearningtoread.Newscreeningtestsareidentifyingchildrenatriskbeforetheygetdiscouragedbyyearoffrustrationandfailure.Andeducatorsaretrytogetthemessagetoparentsthattheyshouldbeonthealertforthefirstsignsofpotentialproblems.It’sanurgentmission.Massliteracyisarelativenewsocialgoal.Ahundredyearsagopeopledidn’tneedtobegoodreadersinorder^earnaliving.ButintheInformationAge,noonecangetbywithknowinghowtoreadwellandunderstandincreasinglycomplexmaterial.1__mastering__2___mentally__3_____√____4___what_____5___an_______6___laziness___7____that_____8____√________9___scientists___10_____are____11___affected___12_____√______13_____the_____14_____√______15___years____16___trying____17_____√______18__relatively___19____to_____20___without___Passage5TheNationalEndowmentfortheArtsrecentlyreleasedtheresultsofits“ReadingatRisk”survey,whichdescribedthemovementoftheAmericanpublicawayfrombooksandliteratureandtowardtelevisionandelectronicmedia.Accordingtothesurvey,“readingisinthedeclineoneveryregion,withineveryethnicgroup,andateveryeducationallevel.”Theday^theNEAreportreleased,theU.S.House,inatieVote,upheldthegovernment’srighttoobtainbookstoreandlibraryrecordsunderaprovisionoftheUSAPatriotAct.TheHouseproposalwouldhavebarredthefederalgovernmentfromdemandlibraryrecords,readinglists,bookcustomerlistsandothermaterialinterrorismandintelligenceinvestigations.Thesetwoeventsarecompletelyunrelatedto,yettheyecho^otherinthemessagetheysendabouttheplaceofbooksandreadinginAmericanculture.AttheheartoftheNEAsurveyisthebeliefinourdemocraticSystemdependsonleaderswhocanthinkcritically,analyzetextsanddiscussingbooksandliterature.Inthesametime,throughaprovisionofthePatriotAct,theleadersofourcountryareunconsciouslysendthemessagethatreadingmay^connectedtodesirableactivitiesthatmightundermineoursystemofgovernmentratherthanhelpdemocracyflourish.Ourculture’sdeclineinreadingbeginwellbeforetheexistofthePatriotAct.Duringthe1980s’culturewars,schoolsystemsacrossthecountrypulledsomebooksfromlibraryshelvesbecauseitscontentwasdeemedbyparentsandteacherstobeinappropriate.NowwhatstartedinschoolsacrossthecountryisplayingitselfoutonanationstageandispossiblyhavinganimpactwiththereadinghabitsoftheAmericanpublic.1___√___2__√___3____when____4__demanding__5__√___6____to______7____each____8____that____9___discuss___10____At______11___sending___12_____be____13____helping__14____began___15___existence__16___their____17__√___18__national___19__√__20_____on____Passage6TheEuropeanUnionhaveapprovedanumberofgeneticallymodifycropsuntillate1998.ButgrowingpublicconcernoveritssupposedenvironmentalandhealthrisksledseveralEUcountriesdemandamoratorium（暂时禁止）onimportsofanynewGMproduce.Bylater1999therewereenoughsuchcountrytoblockanynewapprovalsofGMproduce.Lastyear,AmericafiledacomplaintatWTOaboutthemoratorium,arguingthatitwasanlegaltradebarrierbecausethereisnoscientificbaseforit.AsmorestudyhavebeencompletedontheeffectsofGMcrops,thegreens’caseforthemhasweakened.Muchevidencehasemergedofhealthrisksfromeatingthem.And,overall,thestudieshaveshowedthattheenvironmentaleffectsonmodifiedcropsarenotalwaysasseriousthanthegreensclaim.Nevertheless,environmentalistscontinuetofindfaultofsuchstudiesandarguethattheyareinconclusive.WhileAmericansseemhappyenoughtoconsumefoodmakingfromGMcrops,opinionpollscontinuetoshowthatEuropeanconsumersdisliketheidea.Europeansseemtobetakentheattitudewhich,sincethereremainstheslightestpossibilityofadverseconsequencesandsinceitisclearhowthey,asconsumers,benefitfromGMcrops,theywouldrathernotruntherisk.1.__had__2.modified3._their_4._to_5__late__6._countries7.__the__8.illegal__9.__basis10._studies11.__√_12._Little_13.__shown14.__of__15.___as__16.with_17.__made_18._taking19._that__20.unclear或not(clear)Passage7Livingisrisk.Crossingtheroad,drivingacar,flying,swallowingaaspirintabletoreatingachickensandwich—theycanallbefatal.Clearlysomerisksworthtaking,especiallybecausetherewardsarehigh:amansurroundingbyflamesandsmokegenerallyconsidersthatjumpoutofasecondfloorwindowisanacceptablerisktosaveitslife.Butinmedicineafewprocedures,drugs,operationsortestsarereallyamatteroflifeanddeath.Theremaybesoundmedicinereasonsforacceptingelectricalshocktreatment,butsuchreasonsaretotallydependentinthebalanceofrisksandbenefitsforthepatients.Surgerforcancermaycureorprolongalife,buttheremovaloftonsils(扁桃体)cannotsaveanythingasorethroat.Bloodpressuredrugsdefinitelyhelpssomepeople

liveafteraheartattack,butthesesamedrugmaybebothnecessaryandharmfulforthosewithonlymildbloodpressureproblems.Decidehowmuchdiscomfortandriskwearepreparingtoputupwithinthenameofbetterhealthisahighpersonalmatter,notadecisionweshouldremaintodoctorsalone.1._risky_

2.___an___

3.__are_

4.__when_5.surrounded

6._jumping_

7.__his_

8.__not__

9._medical_

10._√_

11._on___

12._surgery_13.___but_

14.___help_15.___drugs16.unnecessary17.__deciding

18._prepared_

19.__highly_20.___leave_Passage8Parentsowetheirchildrenprivateandrespectfortheirpersonalbelongings.Thismeansnotborrowingitemswithpermissionandnotsnooping∧diaries,rootingthroughbureaudrawers,walletsandpurse.Parentsowetheirchildrenasetofdecentstandardandsolidvaluesaroundwhichtobuild∧life.Thismeansteachingyourchildrentohonourtheopinions,andrightsofothers.Italsomeans∧respectfultoelders,theirteachersandthelaw.Valuesarenotonlytaught,theyare∧caught.Whenparentskeeptheirpromises,nomatter∧thecost,theyteachtheirchildrentheimportanceofhonouringacommitment.AfatherwhobringstohometoolsfromthefactoryandthemotherwhoselinenclosetisstockedbytowelsfromtheHolidayInn,ortheHiltonlettheirchildrenknowit’sallright∧stealthings.Achildwhoislied∧willlie.Achildwhoisslappedandpunchedwillslapandpunch∧.Ayoungsterwhohearsnolaughtandseesnoloveinthehomewillhaveahardtimelaughingandloving.1___privacy___2__without___3____in______4____purses___5__standards___6_____a______7__respect_____8___being_____9____√_______10_____also______11____what____12_____√______13_____to______14______a_____15_____with____16_____to______17_____to_____18____others___19___laughter___20___difficult___Passage9Itisoftensaidthatlearningisatwo-waysstreet.Iftheteacherteachesallday,butthereisnoresponseinthepartofthestudent,thennolearningwouldtakeplace.Inthetraditionalclassroomitispossibleforthestudenttoavoidthisdialogicalprocession,butonthecomputeritisnot.ItisindeednoincidentthatthepremiercomputereducationsystemintheworldisnamedasPLATOfromthatfamousteacherwhobelievedindrawinglearningoutofthestudentindialogue.Notonly∧thestudentlearnthroughcomputerdialogue,buttheinstructor,inwritingacomputerdialogue,learnevenmorethanthestudent∧usesit.Intheprocessofbuildingadialogue,theinstructormustvisualizethelessonfromthestudent’seyeandmustthinkaboutprogramresponsestoallpossiblywronganswersaswellasresponsestorightanswers.Incontrast,inwritingagooddialogue,theinstructorwillprobablyspendmoretimedealingwithwronganswersthan∧rightones.Thiscanbeareallylearningexperienceevensoaninstructorwhoisan“expert”.1__two-way___2____on______3____will_____4_____√_____5___process___6__coincident__7_____as_____8_____after___9____through__10_____does___11____learns___12_____who____13_____√_____14___viewpoint_15__possible____16___fact______17_____√_____18_____with___19_____real___20_____for_____Passage10Fromthathasbeensaid,itmustbeclearthatnoonecanmakeverypositivestatementabouthowlanguageoriginated.Thereisnomaterialinanylanguagetodayandintheearliestrecordsofancientlanguagesshowuslanguageinanewandemergingstate.Itisoftensaid,ofcourse,thatthelanguageoriginatedincriesofanger,fear,painandpleasure,andthenecessaryevidenceisentirelylacking:therearenoremotetribes,∧ancientrecords,providingevidenceofalanguagewithalargeproportionofsuchcriesthanwefind∧English.Itistruethattheabsenceofsuchevidencedidnotdisprovethetheory,butinothergroundstoothetheoryisnotveryattractive.Peopleofallraceandlanguagesmakeratherdifferentnoisesinresponsetopainorpleasure.ThefactthatsuchnoisesaresimilaronthelipofFrenchmenandMalaysianswhoselanguagesareutterdifferent,servestoemphasizeonthefundamentaldifferenceofthesenoisesandlanguageproper.Wemaysaythatthecriesofpainorchortlesofamusementarelargelyreflexofactions,instinctiveto∧largeextent,whereaslanguageproperdoesnotconsistonsignsbutofthesethathavetobelearnt.1.__what___2.statements3._or______4._showing_5._the__6._but___7._no___8.larger_9._in10._does_11._on___12._races_13._similar_14.__lips__15.utterly_16.__on17.between18.__a__19._of_20.those_SectionB:ClozePassage11.lrealized2hgood3nhigh4aor5rneither6xchild7treads8vfew9wso10beasy11sworks12ogrownups13cobvious14ishow15plibrary16jmore17dobjections18faccepting19kdifferent20ysamePassage21gwith2mcharacteristics3sway4abehavior5uPerson6xalso7ithrough8eparents9tnegative10kseeing11qmodify12cinfluenced13yeven14veffect15fforexample16odeath17dasawhole18rby19hAs20neffectPassage31galthough2rthrown3tappeared4ccalm5vinformed6mfainted7ileast8bhesitation9kaside10ourgent11ubelow12xto13qrelief14acircle15efamiliar16yBut17jmoment18pinstructions19nas20falongPassage41epleasedwith2gshare3qtry4wcareful5renjoy6cbut7llater8bseriously9aImmediately10nhard11hremained12ureturned13pdiscuss14ithese15sway16kinwhich17xsuffer18mfeeling19dpainful20jsurprisedPassage51mso2chope3sburned4btruth5qbody6wexercised7Ikeep8kloose9aNo10greduces11vnothing12dOnce13rweight14hthroughout15oeffect16tday17uput18preturn19lexercising20ftoomuchPassage61.gprincipal2.aincrease3.mimpossibility4.qwhen5.nimprovements6.xlegal7kfurther8.fattained9.htoward10.bshall11.oeducation12.dlittle13.lpublic14.vfailed15.wcope16.yanswer17.ssame18.chave19.ralive20.uasPassage71.sdecline2.eEven3.afew4.iInternet5.rthose6.wthat7.vbut8.tpuzzling9.xexpected10.pto11.cfor12.fdrop13.jless14.gshallower15.dto16.qimportant17.labout18.hsponsors19.kterms20.ntechnologyPassage81.xthought2.oaccommodate3.kexercise4.uBecause5.wConfidence6.yadmired7.vwise8.cforexample9.bdisplaying10.qmultiple11.agroup12.dsecurity13.gbarely14.eshort15.tsothat16.isomething17.mdown18.sOnthecontrary19.nplanning20.rcapabilityPassage91.ybetween2.puntil3.omedium4.ccompany5.lspeeded6.bon7.tinto8.dperspective9.vhowever10.ffollowed11.aalthough12.xapparent13.uinstitutional14.ncapacity15.rintermsof16.gsmaller17.qcontext18.sinfluenced19.jcontroversial20.hagainstPassage101.fideal2.gdeficiencies3.mshortage4.ngettingover5.dimprove6.jadvantages7.ihabitually8.ocallin9.srarely10.xthings11.ybut12.cgood-tempered13.pconsensus14.bgoabout15.acertainly16.wreliable17.rnew18.kwhile19.ucaution20.esimilarityIII.ReadingComprehensionPassage11—6ADBBCDPassage21—6DBADACPassage31—7DBCCDAPassage41—7ACBBACDPassage51—6DBAACAPassage61—6BAACBDPassage71—6BCADBAPassage81—7AACBDCBPassage91—6ABDAACPassage101—6BCAADDPassage111—6CBDCAAPassage121—7ADBCDAAPassage131—6CDABBAPassage141—6DCACDAPassage151—6BADDACPassage161—7BDABABDPassage171—6BACADDPassage181—6DDACBDPassage191—6AABADCPassage201—7CBABBCAPassage211—5BDABDPassage221—5CACADPassage231—5ACBDBPassage241—5AABDCPassage251—5AAABCPassage261—5CBDCAPassage271—5BDBCAPassage281—5DDCBCPassage291—5DBCABPassage301—5DCBDAPassage311—6CBDCADPassage321—6DDACBDPassage331—6AABADCPassage341—7CBABBCAPassage351—6DDADBCPassage361—6DDCABBPassage371—6DADCBCPassage381—7DDADCBAPassage391—5ABCADPassage401—5BDCADIV.TranslationTranslation1．SectionAEqualarethegenerousgiftsgranted/distributed(endowed)byNatureto(on)allhumanindividuals,whethertheyarewealthyorimpoverished(betheywealthyorimpoverished).Therefore,allhumanindividualshavebecomeunanimouslyandprofoundlyindebtedto(obligedto,attachedto,dependenton)Nature.Thisisparticularlytrueinruralareaswherewaysoflifehaveremainedintactandunchangedforpeopleforthousandsofyears-sowingcropsandgrapes,brewinganddrinkingwines,grazingandmilkingcows,hoeinggrassesandplantingflower-trees,goingtochurchesforreligiousprayersandservicesonweekends,playingmusicalinstruments,dancingandsingingonsquares.Thefieldsinformertimesarestilltheirpresent-dayhomesglowingwithhumanwarmth.Insuchaway,eachlocalityhasevolveditsownuniquefolktalesandhastransmitteditsdistinctivehabitsandcustoms.

SectionB"胜者"与"败者"这两个字眼含有众多的意思。当我们将某人称作胜者时，我们并非指他是一个致使他人一败涂地的人。对我们来说，胜者乃这样一位君子，他无论是作为一个个人抑或是作为社会的一份子，一切反应均能由衷而发，做到诚信，可靠，乐善好施，且绝不伪善。

胜者不会穷其毕生之精力，去拘泥于某个他们所想象的为人之道；相反，他们会保持其真我本色，并且，作为这种追求真我的仁者，他们不会耗费精力来装腔作势，维持一种自命不凡的姿态，或去操纵他人。他们深知，在爱戴他人和装作爱戴他人之间，在愚顽不化和大智若愚之间，在学识渊博和佯装学富五车之间，实质上存在着天壤之别。胜者断无必要去藏匿于面具背后。Translation2．SectionAMysupervisor(advisor/tutor)isofAsianoriginwhoisaddictedtoalcoholsandcigarettes,withasharp(anirritable)temper.Nevertheless,hehighlyappreciatestheindustryandthesolidfoundationalknowledgeofAsianstudentsandhasaparticularlykeeninsightintothepsychologyofAsianstudents.Hence,ofallthestudentsrecruitedbyhislaboratory,exceptforoneGerman,therestfivewereallfromAsia.Heevenputastrikingnoticeonthedoorofhislab,whichread,"Alltheresearchassistantsofthislaboratoryarerequiredtowork7daysaweek,from10AMto12PM.Nothingbutworkduringtheworkinghours."Thissupervisorisreputedontheentirecampusforhisseverityandharshness.Inthecourseofthe3andhalfyearsthatIstayedthere,atotalof14studentswererecruitedintohislaboratoryandonly5ofthemstayedonuntiltheygraduatedwiththeirPh.D.degrees.SectionB聆听歌剧，无疑昂贵至极。但是，昂贵的事物并非必定属于富人的范畴，除非我们放弃社会的选择权。我们可以选择去使歌剧以及其他某些昂贵的文化形式也能为那些不具备个人支付能力的人所享受。但问题是，我们有必要这么做吗？没人会否认食物、居所、防护、健康与教育的不可或缺性。但即便是在史前时代的洞穴中，人类伸出手来，早就不单纯是为了吃、喝或搏杀，而且亦进行绘画创作。人类对于文化的冲动，通过形象思维和再现手段来表现并探索世界的欲望，乃亘古有之。在欧洲，这一欲望在我们的音乐、艺术、文学和戏剧杰作中寻找到了其实现形式。Translation3．SectionAChinesepresidentJiangZemingwhoiscurrentlyonastatevisittoItalyheldaformaltalkwithItalianpresidenton22ndatthepresidentialpalace.PresidentJiangpointedoutthatalthoughItalyandChinaaregeographicallyfarawayfromeachotherandimportantdifferencesexistintheirrespectivesocialsystems,culturaltraditions,andthelevelsofeconomicdevelopment,thetwocountrieshavesofarmaintainedaveryfriendlybilateralrelationship.Atpresent,thecooperationbetweenthetwocountrieshasbeenexpandingintermsofboththedepthandthewidth,ItalybeinganimportanttradepartnerofChinainEurope.Theeconomiesofbothcountriesarecharacterizedbystrongcomplementarityandthereistremendouspotentialforbothcountriestoundertakeeconomicandtradecooperation.TheChinesegovernmentsupportandencourageChinesebusinesscommunitiestoconductmorecontactswiththeirItaliancounterpartssoastomaketheeconomicandcommercialcooperationbetweenthetwocountriesmoreconstructiveandfruitful.SectionB如果人们藉"英年早逝"这一字眼真的意欲表达什么含义的话，他们必然相信某些人的辞世可以算是寿终正寝，而另一些人则"死不逢时"。死于年迈很少被冠以"死不逢时"之名，因为能度过漫长的一生被认为是甚为圆满的。反之，如果所碰到的是一位年轻人之死，人们会以为这位年轻人风华正茂，前途无可限量，生命的倒计时尚未真正开始。

当然，历史否定这一切。在诸多较为著名的"英年早逝"的情形中，我们会忆起玛丽莲.梦露与詹姆斯.迪恩斯之死，其生命并不因其短暂而有损其圆满。对于约翰.济慈年方26便溘然长逝这一事实，文人墨客们皆痛不欲生，但他们中仅有半数人诙谐地认为，设若他们也死于这一年龄，其一生可视为失败。视英年早逝为不圆满，这一观念有悖于逻辑，因为衡量生命的尺度乃是留给世界的印记，是生命的力度及其美德。Translation4．SectionACanadais

alargecountrywithasmallpopulation.Althoughitsterritoryisbiggerthan

thatofChina,itonlyhasapopulationoflessthan30millionpeople.

Consequently,toattractandtoacceptforeignimmigrantshavebecomea

nationalpolicylongobservedbyCanada.Itcanbesafelyassertedthat,except

forIndians,allCanadiancitizensareforeignimmigrants,differingonlyin

thelengthoftimetheyhavesettledinCanada.Vancouver,inparticular,is

oneofthefewmostcelebratedmulti-ethniccitiesintheworld.Atpresent,

amongthe1.8millionVancouverresidents,halfofthemarenotnative-bornand

oneoutofeveryfourresidentsisfromAsia.The250,000Chinesetherehave

playedadecisiveroleinfacilitatingthetransformationoftheVancouver

economy.HalfofthemhavecometosettleinVancouveronlyoverthepastfive

years,makingVancouverthelargestareaoutsideAsiawheretheChinese

concentrate.

SectionB在某些社会中，人们希望拥有孩子是出于所谓的家庭原因：传宗接代，光宗耀祖，博取祖辈的欢心，使那些涉及到整个家族的宗教仪式得以发挥其应有的作用。此类原因在现代世俗化的社会中似显苍白，但它们在其他地方曾一度构成并确实仍在构成强有力的理由。此外，有一类家庭原因与下列类别不无共通之处，这便是：生儿育女是为着维系或改善婚姻：能拴住丈夫或者使妻子不致于无所事事；修复婚姻或为婚姻注入新的活力；多子多孙,以为家庭幸福，惟系于此。这一点更可因其相反情形而得以凸现：在某些社会中，无法生儿育女（或无法生育男孩）于婚姻而言可构成一种威胁，并可作为离婚的一个顺理成章的（或现成

的）缘由。Translation5．SectionAThegeneralpublicmightbewell-acquaintedwiththesongscomposedbyQiaoYu,buttheymightactuallyknowverylittleabouthistwomajorhobbies-fishingandwine-drinking.

Inhislateryears(Lateinhislife),QiaoYuhasbecomeenamoredoffishing(developedapenchant/specialfondnessforfishing).Heasserts:"Mostlyspeaking,aplacewithwaterandfishmustnecessarilybeblessedwithanicesetting,whichinreturnkeepspeopleingoodmood.Ibelievethattheoptimumfishingplacesarenotthosecommercialfishingcenters/resortswhichprovidethefishermenwithalltheconveniencesandwherefisharekepthungryforreadycapture,butthosenaturally-formedplacesinthewildernesswhichexertaspecial