2021大学英语专业考试试题

共9页，第页2021大学英语专业考试试题学科、专业名称：翻译硕士专业考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。I.Vocabulary&Grammar(30%)Directions:Thereare30sentencesinthissection.BeneatheachsentencetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.1.Wheneverpossible,Ina________howwellshespeaksJapanese.A.showsupB.showsaroundC.showsoffD.showsout2.Asthedirectorcan’tcometothereception,I’mrepresentingthecompany________.A.onhisaccountB.onhisbehalfC.forhispartD.inhisinterest3.Thepriceofthecoalwillvaryaccordingtohowfarithastobetransportedandhowexpensivethefreight________are.A.paymentsB.chargesC.fundsD.prices4.Theball________twoorthreetimesbeforerollingdowntheslope.A.swayedB.bouncedC.hoppedD.darted5.HehasbeentransferredtotheUniversityofMarylandMedicalCenterandiswaitingto________surgery.A.undergoB.unfoldC.underestimateD.undertake6.Weholdthesetruthstobeself-_______:thatallmenarecreatedequal.A.essentialB.eternalC.evidentD.exquisite7.Thebearclawedthehunterwithin_______ofhislife.A.closeB.reachC.aspaceD.aninch8.Thethirdcandidateisa________.She’snewtopoliticsandisjustbeginninghercampaign.A.whiteelephantB.darkhorseC.sleeperD.bighit9.WegototheSummerPalaceonfoot________.A.onpurposeB.onoccasionsC.onbehalfD.ontrial10.Itwascloudythismorning,butit________fine.A.turnedonB.turnedoverC.turnedupD.turnedout11.Inhis________tofurtherknowledgeoftheuniverse,manhasnowbeguntoexplorespace.A.attemptB.expeditionC.trialD.chase12.Thebusmovedslowlyinthethickfog.Wearrivedatour________almosttwohourslater.A.designationB.destinyC.destinationD.dignity13.Thenuclearfamily________aself-contained,self-satisfyingunitcomposedoffather,motherandchildren.A.referstoB.definesC.describesD.devotesto14.Somepollsshowthatroughlytwo-thirdsofthegeneralpublicbelievethatelderlyAmericansare________bysocialisolationandloneliness.A.reproachedB.favoredC.plaguedD.reprehended15.ThePacificislandattractsshoalsoftouristswithitsrich________offolkarts.A.heritageB.heredityC.heroismD.hermitage16.Itisimperativethatstudents________theirtermpapersontime.A.handinginB.handedinC.handinD.wouldhandin17.Anoldwomanwasbadlyhurtin________thepolicedescribeasanapparentlymotivelessattack.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whatever18.________onaclearday,farfromthecitycrowds,themountainsgivehimasenseofinfinitepeace.A.IfwalkingB.WhilewalkingC.WalkingD.Whenoneiswalking19.AftertheArabstateswonindependence,greatemphasiswaslaidonexpandingeducation,withgirlsaswellboys________togotoschool.A.tobeencouragedB.beenencouragedC.beingencouragedD.beencouraged20.Joandidn’tgotothepartylastnightbecauseshe________thebabyforhersisteruntil9:30.A.musthavelookedafterB.wouldhavetolookedafterC.hadtolookafterD.shouldhavelookedafter21.WearegoingtoLondonnextmonth.ThiswillbethefirsttimeI________there.A.havetraveledB.travelC.willtravelD.amtraveling22.Johnis________hardworkingthanhissister,buthefailedintheexam.A.nolessB.nomoreC.notlessD.noso23.Americanseat________astheyactuallyneedeveryday.A.twiceasmuchproteinB.twiceproteinasmuchtwiceC.twiceproteinasmuchD.proteinastwicemuch24.Who________wascomingtoseemeinmyofficethisafternoon?A.yousaidB.didyousayC.didyousaythatD.youdidsay25.Shewouldhavebeenmoreagreeableifshehadchangedalittlebit,________?A.hadn’tsheB.hasn’tsheC.wouldn’tsheD.didn’tshe26.________you________furtherproblemswithyourprinter,contactyourdealerforadvice.A.If;hadB.Have;hadC.Should;haveD.Incase;had27.________wewishhimprosperous,wehaveobjectionstohiswaysofobtainingwealth.A.MuchasB.AsmuchC.MoreasD.Aswellas28.AmongthefirsttocomeandliveinNorthAmerica________,wholaterprosperedmainlyinNewEngland.A.hadbeenDutchsettlersB.DutchsettlerswerethereC.wereDutchsettlersD.Dutchsettlershadbeenthere29._______therewasanepidemicapproaching,Mr.Smith________theinvitationtovisitthatarea.A.Ifheknew;wouldhavedeclinedB.Ifhehadknown;woulddeclineC.Hadheknown;woulddeclineD.Hadheknown;wouldhavedeclined30.Inthedarktheycouldnotseeanythingclear,butcould________.A.hearsomebodymournB.hearsomebodymourningC.hearsomebodymournedD.hearsomebodyhadbeenmourningII.ReadingComprehension(40%)Directions:Thispartconsistsoftwosections.InSectionA,therearethreepassagesfollowedbyatotalof15multiple-choicequestions.InSectionB,thereisonepassagefollowedbyatotalof5short-answerquestions.ReadthepassagesandwriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.SectionAMultiple-ChoiceQuestions(30%)Passage1Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheheadoftheLibraryofCongressistonameDonaldHall,awriterwhosedeceptivelysimplelanguagebuildsonimagesoftheNewEnglandlandscape,asthenation’s14thpoetlaureatetoday.Mr.Hall，apoetinthedistinctiveAmericantraditionofRobertFrost,hasalsobeenaharshcriticofthereligiousright’sinfluenceongovernmentartspolicy.AndasamemberoftheadvisorycounciloftheNationalEndowmentfortheArtsduringtheadministrationofGeorgeH.W.Bush,hereferredtothosehethoughtwereinterferingwithartsgrantsas“bulliesandartbashers”.HewillsucceedTedKooser,theNebraskanwhohasbeenthepoetlaureatesince2004.TheannouncementofMr.Hall’sappointmentistobemadebyJamesH.Billington,theLibrarianofCongress.Mr.BillingtonsaidthathechoseMr.Hallbecauseof“thesustainedqualityofhispoetry,thereachandthevarietyofthingshetalksabout”.LikeMr.Kooser,Mr.Billingtonsaid,“Mr.Hallevokesasenseofplace.”Mr.Hall,77,livesinawhiteclapboardfarmhouseinWilmot,N.H.,thathasbeeninhisfamilyforgenerations.Hesaidinatelephoneinterviewthathedidn’tseethepoetlaureateshipasabullypulpit.“Butit’sapulpitanyway,”hesaid.“IfIseeFirstAmendmentviolations,Iwillspeakup.’’Mr.Hallisanextremelyproductivewriterwhohaspublishedabout18booksofpoetry,20booksofproseand12children’sbooks.Hehaswonmanyawards,includinganationalBookCriticsCircleAwardin1989for“TheOneDay”，acollection.Inrecentyearsmuchofhispoetryhasbeenpreoccupiedwiththedeathofhiswife,thepoetJaneKenyon,in1995.RobertPinsky,whowaspoetlaureatefrom1997to2000saidhewelcomedMr.Hall’sappointment，especiallyinlightofhispreviousoutspokennessaboutpoliticsandarts.“Thereissomethingnicelysymbolic，andmaybesurprising,”Mr.Pinskysaid,“thattheyhaveselectedsomeonewhohastakenastandforfreedom.”Thepositioncarriesanawardof$35,000and$5,000travelallowance.Itusuallylastsayear,thoughpoetsaresometimesreappointed.31.DonaldHall________.A.usessimpleEnglishtoexpresstheimagesoftheNewEnglandlandscapeB.dislikestheideaofimpactinggovernmentbytherightsideofthereligionC.isthe14thpoetlaureateappointedbytheCongressD.isamemberoftheadvisorycounciloftheNationalEndowmentfortheArts32.JamesH.Billington________.A.likesthepoemswithgreatdepthandwidthB.speakshighlyofpoemsinsimpleEnglishratherthancomplexonesC.prefersthepoemswithsustainedstyleandexpressionD.likesthepoemswiththeknowledgeofvariousthings33.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Mr.Hallhaspublishedmanybooksandmagazinesonpoems.B.Mr.HallisacriticofliteratureintheU.S.C.Mr.Hallhasgotmanyprizesforhistalentsinwriting.D.Mr.Hallhasgotsupportfromhispredecessors.34.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Mr.Hallloveshiswifeverymuch.B.Mr.Halltakesthenewappointmentforgranted.C.Mr.Hallhasgotgreatideasfromhiswife.D.Mr.Hallmayholdthepositionforanotheryear.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.AGuardforPoliticsandArtsB.ANewPoetLaureateC.ARepresentativeforFreedomD.TheWinningofaPoetPassage2Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Mostofusaretaughttopayattentiontowhatissaid—thewords.Wordsdoprovideuswithsomeinformation,butmeaningsarederivedfromsomanyothersourcesthatitwouldhinderoureffectivenessasapartnertoarelationshiptorelytooheavilyonwordsalone.Wordsareusedtodescribeonlyasmallpartofthemanyideasweassociatewithanygivenmessage.Sometimeswecangaininsightintosomeofthoseassociationsifwelistenformorethanwords.Wedon’talwayssaywhatwemeanormeanwhatwesay.Sometimesourwordsdon’tmeananythingexcept“I’mlettingoffsomesteam.Idon’treallywantyoutopaycloseattentiontowhatI’msaying.JustpayattentiontowhatI’mfeeling.”Mostlywemeanseveralthingsatonce.Apersonwantingtopurchaseahousesaystothecurrentowner,“ThisstephastobefixedbeforeI’llbuy.”Theownersays,“It’sbeenlikethatforyears.”Actually,thestephasn’tbeenlikethatforyears,buttheunspokenmessageis:“Idon’twanttofixit.Weputupwithit.Whycan’tyou?”Thesearchforamoreexpansiveviewofmeaningcanbedevelopedthroughexaminingamessageintermsofwhosaidit,whenitoccurred,therelatedconditionsorsituation,andhowitwassaid.Whenamessageoccurscanalsorevealassociatedmeaning.Letusassumetwocouplesdoexactlythesameamountofkissingandarguing.Butonecouplealwayskissesafteranargumentandtheothercouplealwaysarguesafterakiss.Theorderingofthebehaviorsmaymeanagreatdealmorethanthefrequencyofthebehavior.Afriend’sunusuallydocilebehaviormayonlybeunderstoodbynotingthatitwasprecededbysituationsthatrequiredanabnormalamountofassertiveness.Someresponsesmaybedirectlylinkedtoadevelopingpatternofresponsesanddefylogic.Forexample,apersonwhosays“No!”toaserialsofchargeslike“You’redumb,”“You’relazy,”and“You’redishonest,”mayalsosay“No!”andtrytojustifyhisorherresponseifthenextstatementis“Andyou’regoodlooking.”Wewoulddowelltolistenforhowmessagesarepresented.Thewords,“Ifsurehasbeennicetohaveyouover,”canbesaidwithemphasisandexcitementorritualistically.Thephrasecanbesaidonceorrepeatedseveraltimes.Andthemeaningsweassociatewiththephrasewillchangeaccordingly.Sometimesifwesaysomethinginfrequentlyitassumesmoreimportance;sometimesthemorewesaysomethingthelessimportanceitassumes.36.Effectivecommunicationisrenderedpossiblebetweentwoconversingpartners,if________.A.theyuseproperwordstocarrytheirideasB.theybothspeaktrulyoftheirownfeelingsC.theytrytounderstandeachother’sideasbeyondwordsD.theyarecapableofassociatingmeaningwiththeirwords37.“I’mlettingoffsomesteam”inparagraph1means________.A.I’mjustcallingyourattentionB.I’mjustkiddingC.I’mjustsayingtheoppositeD.I’mjustgivingoffsomesound38.Thehouse-owner’sexampleshowsthatheactuallymeans________.A.thestephasbeenlikethatforyearsB.hedoesn’tthinkitnecessarytofixthestepC.theconditionofthestepisonlyaminorfaultD.thecostinvolvedinthefixingshouldbeshared39.Someresponsesandbehaviorsmayappearveryillogical,butarejustifiableif________.A.linkedtoanabnormalamountofassertivenessB.seenasone’shabitualpatternofbehaviorC.takenaspartofanorderingsequenceD.expressedtoaseriesofcharges40.Theword“ritualistically”inthelastparagraphequalssomethingdone________.A.withouttrueintentionB.light-heartedlyC.inawayofceremonyD.withlessemphasisPassage3Questions41to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Cellularslimemoldsareextraordinarylifeformsthatexhibitfeaturesofbothfungiandprotozoa,althoughoftenclassedforconveniencewithfungi.Atonetimetheywereregardedasorganismsofambiguoustaxonomicstatus,butmorerecentanalysisofDNAsequenceshasshownthatslimemoldsshouldberegardedasinhabitingtheirownseparatekingdom.Theiruniquenessliesintheirunusuallifecycle,whichalternatesbetweenafeedingstageinwhichtheorganismisessentiallyunicellularandareproductivestageinwhichtheorganismadoptsamulticellularstructure.Atthefirststagetheyarefree-living,separateamoebae,usuallyinhabitingtheforestfloorandingestingbacteriafoundinrottingwood,dung,ordampsoil.Buttheirfoodsuppliesarerelativelyeasilyexhaustedsincethecells’movementsarerestrictedandtheirfoodrequirementsratherlarge.Whenthecellsbecomestarvedofnutrition,theorganisminitiatesanewgeneticprogramthatpermitsthecellstoeventuallyfindanew,food-richenvironment.Atthispoint,thesingle-celledamoebaecombinetogethertoformwhatwilleventuallybecomeamulticellularcreature.Themechanismbywhichtheindividualmembersbecomeasingleentityisessentiallychemicalinnature.Atfirst,afewoftheamoebaestarttoproduceperiodicchemicalpulsesthataredetected,amplified,andrelayedtothesurroundingmembers,whichthenmovetowardthepulseorigin.Intime,thesecellsformmanystreamsofcells,whichthencometogethertoformasinglehemisphericalmass.Thismassstickstogetherthroughthesecretionofadhesionmolecules.Themassnowdevelopsatip,whichelongatesintoafinger-likestructureofabout1or2millimetersinlength.Thisstructureeventuallyfallsovertoformaminiatureslug,movingasasingleentityorientingitselftowardlight.Duringthisperiodthecellswithinthemassdifferentiateintotwodistinctkindsofcell.Somebecomeprestalkcells,whichlaterformintoaverticalstalk,andothersformpresporecells,whichbecomethesporehead.Astheorganismmigrates,itleavesbehindatrackofslimeratherlikeagardenslug.Onceafavorablelocationhasbeenfoundwithafreshsourceofbacteriatofeedon,themigrationstopsandthecolonymetamorphosesintoafungus-likeorganisminaprocessknownas“culmination.”Thefrontcellsturnintoastalk,andthebackcellsclimbupthestalkandformaspherical-shapedhead,knownasthesorocarp.Thisfinalfruitingbodyisabout2millimetersinheight.Theheaddevelopsintospores,whicharedispersedintotheenvironmentandformthenextgenerationofamoebaecells.Thenthelifecycleisrepeated.Usuallythestalkdisappearsoncethesporeshavebeenreleased.Theprocessbywhichtheoriginallyidenticalcellsoftheslimemoldbecometransformedintomulticellularstructurescomposedoftwodifferentcelltypes—sporeandstalk—isofgreatinteresttodevelopmentalbiologistssinceitisanalogoustoanimportantprocessfoundinhigherorganismsinwhichorganswithhighlyspecializedfunctionsareformedfromunspecializedstemcells.Earlyexperimentsshowedwhichpartsoftheslimemoldorganismcontributedtotheeventualstalkandwhichpartstothehead.Scientistsstainedthefrontpartofaslugwithareddyeandattachedittothebackpartofadifferentslug.Thehybridcreaturedevelopedasnormal.Theexperimentersthennotedthatthestalkofthefruitingbodywasstainedredandthatthesporeheadwasunstained.Clearly,theanteriorpartoftheorganismculminatedinthestalkandtheposteriorpartinthesporehead.Nowadays,experimentsusingDNAtechnologyandfluorescentproteinsorenzymestolabelthepresporeandprestalkcellshavebeenundertaken.Thismoremolecularapproachgivesmorepreciseresultsthanusingstainingdyesbuthasessentiallybackeduptheresultsoftheearlierdyestudies.41.Howtheslimeshouldbeclassifiedusedtobe_________.A.unknownB.uncertainC.controversialD.unfamiliar42.Accordingtothepassage,whatisunusualabouttheslimemolds’lifecycle?A.Theyinhabittheirownkingdom.B.Theyareorganismswhoseclassificationisambiguous.C.Theyalternatebetweenunicellularandmulticellularstructures.D.Theyarefree-livingorganisms.43.AllofthefollowingsarementionedinthetextasbeingpartsofthemulticellularslugEXCEPT________.A.theheadB.thestalkC.legsD.spores44.Whydoestheauthorrefertothefungus-likeorganismasafruitingbody?A.Becauseithasbecomeoneentity.B.Becauseitis2millimetersinheight.C.Becauseitnowhasastalkandhead.D.Becauseithasreacheditsreproductivestage.45.Accordingtothepassage,therecentDNAstudies_________.A.givesimilarresultstothedyestudiesB.contradictthedyestudiesC.arelessexactthanthedyestudiesD.haveintroducedconfusionaboutthedyestudyresultsSectionBShort-AnswerQuestions(10%)Passage4Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage:BarrySchwartzdidnotexpecttofeelinspiredonaclothes-shoppingtrip.“Iavoidbuyingjeans;Iwearonepairuntilitfallsapart,”saysSchwartz,anAmericanpsychologyprofessor.“ThelasttimeIhadboughtapairtherehadbeenjustonestyle.ButrecentlyIwasaskedifIwantedthisfitorthatfit,orthiscolororthat.Iintendedtobeoutshoppingforfiveminutesbutittookanhour,andIbegantofeelmoreandmoredissatisfied.”Thistripmadehimthink:didmorechoicealwaysmeangreatersatisfaction?“I’dalwaysbelievedthatchoicewasgood,andmorechoicewasbetter.Myexperiencegotmethinking:howmanyothersfeltlikeme?”Theresultwasawidelydiscussedstudythatchallengedtheideathatmoreisalwaysbetter.Drawingonthepsychologyofeconomics,whichlooksathowpeoplechoosewhattobuy,Schwartzdesignedaquestionnairetoshowthedifferencesbetweenwhathetermed‘maximisers’and‘satisficers’.Broadlyspeaking,maximisersarekeentomakethebestpossiblechoices,andoftenspendtimeresearchingtoensurethattheirpurchasescannotbebettered.Satisficersaretheeasy-goingpeople,delightedwithitemsthataresimplyacceptable.Schwartzputsforwardtheview,whichcontrastswithwhatpoliticiansandsalesmenwouldhavepeoplebelieve,thattheunstoppablegrowthinchoiceisindangerofruininglives.“I’mnotsayingnochoiceisgood.Buttheaveragepersonmakesatleast200decisionseveryday,andIdon’tthinkthere’sroomforanymore.”HisstudymayhelptoexplainthepeculiarparadoxofthewealthyWest—psychologistsandeconomistsarepuzzledbythefactthatpeoplehavenotbecomehappierastheyhavebecomericher.Infact,theabilitytodemandwhateveriswantedwheneveritiswantedhasinsteadledtorisingexpectations.Thesearchforperfectioncanbefoundineveryareaoflifefrombuyingsoappowdertoselectingacareer.Certaindecisionsmayautomaticallycloseoffotherchoices,andsomepeoplearethenupsetbythethoughtofwhatelsemight