英语四级作文典型类型

1、常见题型结构与模板一、观点论证型二、利弊选择型三、现象解释型四、途径方法型五、记叙文六、应用文,一、观点论证型体裁介绍观点论证型作文，是指命题要求考生根据题目给出的论点，按照所给提纲的结构要求对其进行论证，然后表明自己的立场和观点，通过摆事实、讲道理的方式论述事理，发表意见，确立或否定某一主张。审题思路可以按照以下步骤写作：表明观点，提出论点；论证观点，以事实和数据为依据，例证论点；得出结论或表明个人看法与做法。,真题分析(09年12月)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicC

2、reatingaGreenCampus.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese.1.建设绿色校园很重要2.绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境3.为了建设绿色校园，我们应该,【审题】这是一篇典型的观点论证型文章，可根据提纲将其分为三部分：第一段引入绿色校园的概念并指出建设绿色校园的重要性；第二段深入阐释绿色校园所包含的绿色环境和精神文明两个方面；第三段阐述个人观点，呼吁大学生自身、学校、政府以及社会各界共同努力，采取有效措施，共建绿色校园。,【范文】CreatingaGreenCampusDuringrec

3、entyears,thetopicofagreencampus,whichhasarousedwidelypublicattention,isbecomingmoreandmorepopular.Undoubtedly,agreencampus,theindispensablepartforthedevelopmentofcollegestudents,hasaprofoundimpactonbothindividualsandsociety,foritssignificancecannotbeneglected.,Agreenenvironment,ratherthananythingels

4、e,playsadecisiveroleinthegrowthofcollegestudents.Meanwhile,itshouldalsobementionedthatagreencampusincludesnotonlytheplaceswherethestudentslive,butalsothementalenvironment.Withoutgreensurrounding,thesoulofstudentscouldbenotaspureaswewish.Inthatcase,innoplaceotherthancampusshouldweattempttomakeagreena

5、tmosphere.,Duetotheseriousnessofthesituation,itiscrucialforustotakeeffectivemeasurestocreateagreencampus.Inthefirstplace,itsessentialthatlawandregulationsshouldbeworkedoutandenforcedbythegovernmentandauthorities.Furthermore,itishightimethatweenhancedtheawarenessofthestudentsthemselves.Onlyinthiswayc

6、anwegetsatisfactoryresults.Withthesemeasurestaken,itisreasonableforustobelievethatagreencampuswillbeachievedinthenearfuture.,模板Nowadays/Recently,_isacommonthing/hasgraduallybecomeaconcernformany.Forexample,_.Allthese_.Therearedifferentattitudes/viewstowards_.Somepeoplebelieve/havetheideathat_;whileo

7、thersviewdifferently/findithardtoagree;theysay/contendthat_;Andsomeothers_.Frommypointofview/AsfarasIamconcerned,Iprefer/Iwouldrather_.Aslongas/Withthedevelopmentof/_,welldefinitely/Iamconfidentthat_intheend.,二、利弊选择型体裁介绍利弊选择型作文要求能对一个论题的正反两个方面加以阐述分析，进一步做出选择，推导出自己认为合理的解决该问题的模式。审题思路可以分四个步骤来写：第一段：开头段，简述

8、事件。第二段：阐述提纲中列举的第一种看法，给出理由或者举例说明：主题句理由/举例1+理由/举例2+理由/举例3第三段：阐述提纲中列举的另一种看法，给出理由或者举例说明：主题句理由/举例1+理由/举例2+理由/举例3第四段：表明自己的观点，结束全文。,真题分析(2011年6月)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofOnlineShopping.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1现在网上购物已成为一种时

9、尚2网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题3我的建议,OnlineShoppingNowadays,withtherapiddevelopmentofInternettechnology,onlineshoppingiscomingintofashion,especiallyamongyoungpeople.,Itgoeswithoutsayingthatonlineshoppingisbeneficialtoconsumersandretailersalikeinmorethanoneway.Forconsumers,itistime-andenergy-savingtopurchasewhat

10、evertheywantontheInternetatamuchlowerprice.Forretailers,theycansavelotsofcoststhatareoriginallyusedtorentastorecomparedwithtraditionalmarketsale.,/However,despitethemanybenefitsbroughtbyonlineshopping,therearestillsomedefectsthatcannotbeignored.Foronething,lackofface-to-facecommunicationmakesonlines

11、hoppinglessreliableandtrustworthy.Foranother,somemerchantswithevilmotivesmayprovidefalseinformation,whichmakesittime-consumingtoidentifythecommodity.,Frommyperspective,thebenefitsofonlineshoppingoutweighitsdefects,andtorefusetoeatforfearofchokingisalwaysanunwisechoice.Oneoftheeffectivemeasuresistoca

12、rryoutrelevantlawstoregulatetheonlinetradingactivities.OnlywhenaharmoniousInternetenvironmentisestablishedcanweenjoythepleasureandconvenienceofonlineshopping.,模版Whenaskedabout/Whenitcomesto,differentpeoplewillofferdifferentopinions.Somepeopletakeitforgrantedthat观点一Intheiropinion,理由一.Besides,理由二.Howe

13、ver,othersholdthat观点二Theymaintainthat理由一And理由二Weighingupthesetwoarguments,Iamforthefirstopinion/choice.Foronething/Ontheonehand,我的理由一Foranother/Ontheotherhand,我的理由二Forinstance,举例说明理由二Therefore,asstatedabove,重申观点,三、现象解释型体裁介绍现象解释型作文命题要明确描述社会生活中存在的一种现象，要求考生说明该现象反映的社会问题，解释该现象存在或发生的原因。审题思路可以分为三部分：第一部分描述现

14、象，引起话题；第二部分对现象做细致的分析，解释现象发生或变化的原因；第三部分针对现象做出评论，表明自己的态度、观点或做法，以及如何在日常生活中有效地发扬该现象的优势或消除这种现象或其不利方面。,图表说明型作文，也可根据命题要求将文章分为三部分：第一部分描述图表中数据的主要趋势，对数据进行分析比较，总结归纳图表内容所呈现的主要特征；第二段对现象和变化做细致的分析，解释现象发生或变化的原因；第三段针对现象和变化做出结论。,真题分析(2010年6月)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofD

15、ueAttentionShouldBeGiventoSpelling.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1.如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写2.出现这种情况的原因3.为了改变这种状况，我认为,DueAttentionShouldBeGiventoSpellingNowadays,anincreasingnumberofstudentsseemtoattachlessimportancetospellinginEnglishlearning.Thus,numerousmisspellingsappearinth

16、eirpapers,andwhatsworse,awell-organizedessayiscastintotheshade.,Therearevariousreasonsresponsibleforthisembarrassingsituation.Foronething,moreandmorestudentsgiveprioritiestooralEnglishatthecostofdoinglessspellingexercises.Foranother,manyteachersputsomuchemphasisoncommunicationandgrammarteachingthatt

17、heyseldomhighlightspelling.,Tochangethissituation,Iholdtothebeliefthatstudentsandteachersshouldworktogether.Ontheonehand,teachersshouldpaymoreattentiontospellingteaching,focusingonpronunciationandwordformation,forexample.Ontheotherhand,studentsshouldstopcomplainingaboutspellingsandrealizecorrectspel

18、lingshouldbeamustinlearninganylanguage.Onlyviajointeffortscanstudentsspellwordscorrectly.,真题分析(1998年1月)Example1Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:HarmfulnessofFakeCommodities.Youshouldwriteatleast100wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninC

19、hinese)below：（98年1月真题）1.目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品(fakecommodities)；2.为什么会有这种现象?3.举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会等的危害。,【写作思路】主题分析假冒伪劣商品的危害。开头段指出现象：社会上有不少假冒伪劣产品。中心段说明现象存在的原因。假冒伪劣商品可以为生产商带来巨大的利润。市场监管力度不够。购买到假冒伪劣商品的消费者很难从有关部门获得帮助。结论段伪劣商品危害消费者个人和社会等，必须坚决打击假冒伪劣产品。假冒伪劣商品给消费者造成巨大的损失。假冒伪劣商品危害人们的健康，甚至是生命。必须采取措施打击假冒伪劣商品，这样才能生活得更好。,【

20、范文】HarmfulnessofFakeCommoditiesNowadays,thereisanincreasinglyserioussocialproblemoffakecommodities.Itiscommonthatallkindsoffakecommoditiesaresoldinthemarket.Andthequestionoccurstoourminds:Whatleadstotheexistenceoffakecommodities?Accordingtoasurvey,thereareacoupleofreasonscausedfakecommodities.Firsto

21、fall,fakecommoditiesmaybringaboutmassiveprofitsforproducers.Whatsmore,ourmarketsupervisionisstillnotpowerfulenough.Lastbutnotleast,consumerswhoboughtfakecommoditiesmayfinditdifficulttoasktheauthorityconcernedforhelp.,Asamatteroffact,fakecommoditiesdogreatharmtopeople.Foronething,fakecommoditiescause

22、greatlossestoconsumers.Foranother,fakecommoditiesmayharmpeopleshealth,sometimesevenlives.Therefore,weshouldtakedozensofmeasurestopreventfakecommoditiesfrombringingusmoreharm.Onlywhenfakecommoditiesdisappearcanweliveabetterlife.,Example2Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacomposi

23、tiononthetopicStudentUseofComputers.Youshouldwriteatleast120words,andbaseyourcompositiononthechartandtheoutlinegivenbelow:(2002年6月真题),f,1.上图所示为1990年、1995年、2002年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化；2.请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明）；3.你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。,【写作思路】主题分析学生使用电脑的情况。开头段整体描述图表中所体现的现象，提出问题。中心段分析出现这种现

24、象的原因。电脑可以被广泛应用到学习当中。电脑的价格大幅下降。使用电脑的收费降低。结论段存在的问题是：大多数学生没有充分利用电脑。电脑经常被当作打字机使用。有些学生把电脑应用到有限的范围之内。,【范文】StudentUseofComputersRecently,therehasbeenatremendousgrowthinthestudentuseofcomputerssince1990.Whatamazesusmostisthattheaveragehoursastudentspendusingcomputersgrowupto20hoursperweekin2000.Itistruethat

25、collegestudentsarespendingmorehoursonusingcomputerstoday.Therearemanyreasonsexplainingthisgrowth.Themainreasonisthatcomputerscanbewidelyusedinstudy.Whatismore,computerpricesdecreasegreatly.Thirdly,chargesforusingPChavedropped.Asaresult,morecollegestudentscanaffordcomputersfordailyuse.,Consideringall

26、these,Ibelievethatmanystudentsdontmakefulluseofcomputers.Foronething,thecomputerisoftenusedasatypewriteroncampus.Foranother,somestudentsusecomputersonlyinasmallfield.Inconclusion,weshouldtrytohelpstudentsmakebetteruseofcomputers.,模板Fromthegraph/table/figure,wecanclearlyseethat_.Obviously/itisself-ev

27、identthat_.Inmymind,therearethreereasonsexplaining/Webelievethatthreereasonsaccountforthisphenomenon.Tobeginwith/onereasonis_.Whatismore/inaddition,_.Lastly/apartformthat_.Consideringallthese,_.Foronething_.Foranother_.Inconclusion/inbrief_.,四、途径方法型体裁介绍途径方法型试题通过提示性文字或图表提出(或反映)社会生活中存在的一个现实问题，通常会要求考生指

28、出问题的危害性或解决这一问题的紧迫性；然后对问题展开分析，提出解决问题的方案或应对措施；最后要求考生表明自己对待这一问题的态度、做法等。审题思路开头段：概述现状，提出问题；中间段：分析和解决问题；结尾段：总结全文或提出建议。,Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:HowtoSucceedinaJobinterview?Youshouldwriteatleast100words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebe

29、low:（01-1）1.面试在求职过程中的作用2.取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是,【写作思路】主题如何面试成功开头段指出人们认为面试在找工作时越来越重要，因此掌握面试技巧更是必不可少。中心段指出成功面试的因素。得当的着装与举止有助于留下好印象；要谈吐不凡，说话实事求是，表达清楚。应试者充分展现其才能和技能。还有一点不能忽视：应试者的自信。结论段得出结论，重申上述成功面试因素的重要性。,【范文】Nowadays,peopleattachmoreandmoreimportancetothejobinterview.Itistruetothepresentsitu

30、ationthatitplaysanimportantroleinjob-seeking.Soitisofgreatimportanceforustomastertheskillsofit.Asisknowntoall,therearemanywaystosucceedinajobinterview.Inthefirstplace,youshoulddressandbehaveproperlyinordertoleaveagoodimpressionontheinterviewer.Inthesecondplace,whenitcomestotalking,youshouldspeakclea

31、rlyandhonestly.Whatsmore,theintervieweemustdemonstratehisabilitiesandskillsforthejob.Lastbutnottheleast,theapplicantissupposedtobeself-confident.,AsfarasIamconcerned,Ipaygreatattentiontothewaysduringaninterview.Infact,theinterviewusuallyplaysadecisiverolewhentheinterviewermakesachoice.Solongasyouput

32、theaboveprincipleintopractice,youwillsucceedinajobinterview.Itishightimeforustoobtaintheskills.,模版Withtheimprovementof_，thereare_.Forexample,_.Soitishightime_.Thereasonsare:First/Tobeginwith_.Secondly/Inaddition,_.Lastly/Finally_.Buthowto_?Inmyopinion/Formypart/AsfarasIamconcerned_.Ontheonehand_.Ont

33、heotherhand_.Therefore,Ibelieve_.,五、记叙文体裁介绍要求考生叙述一个事件发生的经过以及由此引发的一些感想或思考，比如车祸见证、自己或同学生病、或一次难忘的经历等。基本结构：一：事情发生的背景或起因二：具体描述事件发生的经过三：事件的最终结果四：谈谈“我”的感受或由该事件引发的思考,Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:InhonorofteachersontheoccasionofTeachersDay.Youshouldwriteatleast12

34、0words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow:(05-6)1.向教师致以节日祝贺2.从一件难忘的事回忆老师的教诲和无私的奉献3.我如何报答老师的关爱,范文WiththecomingofTeachersDay,allthestudentsareeagertoexpresstheirrespectandlovetotheirteachers.Itisofgreatimportanceformetoshowmyesteemtomydearestteacher,Mr.Li.Ononehand,Iwishhimahappyhol

35、iday.Ontheotherhand,Iwanttothankhimforalltheworkhehasdoneforme,especiallythatunforgettablelessonhegave.,Ithappened,Istillremember,whenwewerehavinganexam.Iwascopyinganswersfromoneofmyclassmatesintheclassroom.Justatthemoment,Mr.Licameinandfoundmycheatingbehavior.Itimpressedmemostthatinsteadofcriticizi

36、ngmestrictly,hegavemeaverymeaningfullesson.Hetoldmepatientlytheimportanceofhonestyandtheharmofcheatingevennotinanexam,whichhelpedmealotinmyfuturelifeandstudy.,Consideringallthese,IbelievethatIshouldreturnhisgreatlovewithmyachievements.Firstofall,Iwillstudyhardtobecomeaneligibletalent.Furthermore,Iwi

37、lldevotemyselftothedevelopmentofourcountryashedoes.Idobelievetheenlightenmenthegavemewillalwaysencouragemeinmywholelife.,模版:Itwas/happened时间地点.Iwas我正在做什么.Itimpressedmemostbecause事件给我留下深刻印象的原因.总体概括事件的性质.Atfirst,事件进展或情况表现一.Almostatthesametime,事件进展或情况表现二.事件或情况表现三.Asaresult,事件的结果.AsIunderstand,我的看法或偏好.O

38、nonehand,个人看法的依据一/原因一.Ontheotherhand,个人看法的依据二/原因二.Therefore/Inconclusion,个人的结论或文章的结论。,六、应用文体裁介绍考生会读到一个特定的场景，然后在理解的基础上，给相关人士写一封短信，并在信中明确表达自己写信的原因、动机、目的和愿望等。文章所涉及的内容多种多样，但大部分都与日常生活比较贴近，书信的类型可能千变万化，如邀请信、申请信、求职信、感谢信、道歉信、批评信、抱怨信等，然而万变不离其宗，只要掌握了英语书信的基本格式，同时掌握其写作的语言，就能创作出一篇好的文章。,审题思路在写书信时，除了信首的称呼和信尾的签名、落款之

39、外，信的主要内容体现在信的主体部分。信的主体部分包括以下三个部分：简短的问候，自我介绍，引出话题，提出写信的目的。就上面所提及的问题，运用举例、比较、因果等手段进行展开阐释。总结补充，提出解决问题的方案或对问题的解决表示期盼。并以简单的结束语收尾。,Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealetterinreplytoafriendsinquiryaboutapplyingforadmissiontoyourcollegeoruniversity.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtot

40、heoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:(03-12)建议报考的专业及理由；报考该专业的基本条件；应当如何备考。,【写作思路】主题建议朋友报考其所在学校的某个专业及理由。开头段开场白，提出建议报考英语专业并具体说明理由。英语是世界上各个领域广泛使用的语言；在日益紧张的就业当中，英语专业更有可能找到好工作。中心段具体说明报考该专业的基本条件。投入大量的时间；基本的听说读写能力是必须的；对英语有浓厚的兴趣。结论段说明应当如何备考。复习要求的词汇；花一些时间用于阅读和写作。,【范文】ALetterofReplytoaFriendDecember27,2003DearTom,Iamd

41、elightedtolearnthatyouplantoapplyforadmissiontoouruniversity.Whenitcomestowhichmajoryoushouldchoose,IproposethatyouapplyforthemajorofEnglish.Tobeginwith,Englishisthemostpopularlanguageintheworld,whichiswidelyusedinallfields.Whatsmore,Englishmajorsaremorelikelytofindagoodjobinthetighterandtighterjobm

42、arket.InordertostudyatEnglishDepartment,youhavetomeetthefollowingrequirements.Inthefirstplace,youhavetospendalotoftimeonit,justasthesayinggoes,“Practicemakesperfect”.,Inthesecondplace,thebasicskillsofreading,writing,listeningandspeakingarenecessary.Lastbutnottheleast,youneedanintenseinterestinEnglis

43、hsince“interestisthebestteacher.”Asfarasthepreparationworkisconcerned,youshouldfirstofallreviewalltherequiredvocabulary.Inaddition,youdbetterspendsometimeonreadingandwriting.Onlythroughthesemeasurescanyouhopetoenrollinouruniversity.Iamlookingforwardtoyourgoodnews.Sincerelyyours,LiMing,模版：TopicDateDe

44、ar_,Iamdelightedtolearnthat_.It_.Inmyopinion,_.Ontheonehand,_.Ontheotherhand,_.Asto_.Isuggest_.If_.Itisunnecessaryforyouto_.Inaddition,_.Iamsure_.Pleaseinformme_.Iamlookingforwardto_.Sincerelyyours,Signature,常用句式;Iwouldliketosuggestthat/IamwritingtoexpressmyviewsconcerningYouhaveaskedmeformyadvicewi

45、thregardtoandIwilltrytomakesomeconductivesuggestions.Ihopeyouwillfindthesesuggestions/proposalshelpful/useful.Iwouldbereadytodiscussthismattertofurtherdetails.,投诉或抱怨信TopicDateDear_,Mynameis_.Iam_.Iventuretowriteyoualetterabout_.Thefocusofthecomplaintis_.Foronething,_.Foranother,_.Honestlyspeaking,_.

46、Allinall,thereisstillmuchroomforimprovement.Idohope_.Thankyouforyourtimeandkindconsideration.Sincerelyyours,常用句式：IamwritingtocomplainabutIthinkitshightimeyourealizedWeknowthatyouarenotgenerallycareless,butwewouldlikeyourassurancethatthiswillnothappenagain.Ireallyappreciateitifyouwouldandcoulddosomet

47、hingaboutmycomplaint!,感谢信:DateDear_,Iamnowwritingthesefewlinestoexpressmysincerethanksfor_.Idlikeyoutoknowhowmuchyour_meanttome.Inotonlyenjoyed_,butalso_.Ishalleverremember_asoneofthemost_inmylife.I_.Ihopetohavetheopportunityofreciprocating.Wouldyoukindlyletmeknow_.Iwillfeelveryhonoredandpleasedifyo

48、uhavetimeto_.HowniceitwouldbetoseeyouagainandIamlookingforwardtoseeingyounexttime!Irepeatmythanksagainforyour_.Pleasegivemykindregardstoyour_.Yourstruly,常用句式：Iwarmlyappreciateyourhospitality.Idontknowhowtothankyouforyourkindnesstome.Iwouldliketoconveyinthislettermyheartfeltthankstoyoufor,祝贺信：DateDea

49、r_,Iwasdelightedtolearnthat_.Iwouldliketoextendtoyoumyutmostcongratulationson_.Itisreallygoodnewsto_.AndIfeelveryhappyforyou._is(a)quiteexcitingnews/event!Youarereally_.Iknowthisis(surelyowingto)_.Itisarewardyourichlydeserve.more!,Withyour_,Iamsurethatyouwill_.Ihope_.Again,pleaseacceptmysincerecongr

50、atulation.Bestwishesforyou/yourfurthersuccess.Sincerelyyours,Signature,邀请信：DateDear_,_.Itwouldbepleasanttohaveyouhere.Willyoujoinus?Duringthepartytime/conference,wewillhavelotsofactivities/pointsyouwillbeinterestedin.First,_.Second,_.Iknow/believethatyouwillbeveryinterestedinthisoccasion.Foronething,_.Foranother,_.The