常见官能团的红外吸收范围

1、附录I 常见官能团的红外吸收范围类型典型的结构式吸收位置/cm-1强度归属和附注醇一级醇RCH2OH约3640可变CHC-O约1050s二级醇约3630约1100可变sCH，“单体”C-O三级醇约3620约1150可变sOH,“单体”C-O分子间氢键多聚体34003200s宽而强的吸收谱带二聚体36003500s尖谱带双氧水H-O-O-H3590s酚36101200mssOH,形成氢键移向低频C-O分子内氢键32002500s宽吸收谱带酸30002500142013001200960910mmmmw宽吸收带面内变形C-OOH面外变形宽带OH 宽带肟36503500msOH磷酸27002560m

2、OH过氧化物-O-O-H约3450mOH过氧酸约3280约950mmOHOH (面外)胺胺一级胺35003300165015901220102013401250900650wsmswssmNH,有两个谱带NH (面内)N-C (脂肪)C-N (芳香)NH (面外)，宽带二级胺33503310约3450165015501220102013501280wmwwmsNH, 环胺很弱NH强度比脂胺大NH (面内)C-NC-N三级胺13601310sC-N亚胺34003300mNH, C=N在16901640一级铵盐约300016001570约1500ssNH3+, 两个宽谱带a (NH3+)s (NH

3、3+)二级铵盐2700225016001575smNH2+三级铵盐约27002250NH +四级铵盐R4N+没有特征吸收一级酰胺3500340016401600mmNH, 一般两个带NH二级酰胺RCONHR344015501530mmNH, 缔合在3300NH 3070为倍频内酰胺3440mNH甲基烷烃296010287010145020137515msmmmsa (CH3)s (CH3)a (CH3)s (CH3)很特征异丙基1385136511701140mmss (CH3)双谱带骨架振动叔丁基1395136512501210mmss (CH3)双谱带骨架振动甲基酮300029001370

4swmC-Hs (CH3), 强度较大s (CH3)甲氧基2835281514601430mss (CH3),s (CH3)移至高频甲硫基1440141513251320sa (CH3)s (CH3)移至低频甲胺基2820276014301415sCH3s (CH3)移至高频硅化物142012901230mma (CH3)s (CH3)磷化物1430139012101280mma (CH3)s (CH3)卤化物14701250ma (CH3)亚甲基亚甲基烷烃292510285010146520750720ssmwsa (CH2)s (CH2)CH2r (CH2) n4时

5、出现此带环烷n = 229805103015866mmma (CH2)s (CH2)骨架振动n = 330001000900mma (CH2)骨架振动n = 41445mCH2n = 5145010551000msCH2骨架振动环氧乙烷30501500mma (CH2)CH2酮-CH2-CO-141510sCH2酸-CH2-CO2H1410sCH2烯炔1445143014451430mmCH2硫化物-CH2-S14401415mCH2卤代烷-CH2X14101350mCH2移向低频叁键和累积双键炔214021003310330063015smss腈2260221021752140sms重氮盐2

6、26020s丙二烯210019501070mwa (C=C=C)s (C=C=C)烯酮21501120swa (C=C=C)s (C=C=C)叠氮2160212013401180swa (N3) 常为双带s (N3)异氰酸酯2275225014001350vswa (N=C=O)s (N=C=O)异腈220021001594sw羰基羰基羰基脂酮1715171013251215约1100vssm(C=O)骨架振动通常有几个谱带, -不饱和酮167510vs(C=O)-卤代酮173510vs(C=O)-二酮172510vsC=O-二酮17001016401540vsvs酮式烯醇式芳酮1690101

7、22510751300vssmC=O位置与苯环上取代基的性质有关双芳基酮16655vs由于共轭移向低频邻羟基芳酮164510vs分子内氢键环酮17051780vsC=O脂肪醛17301014401325vssC=O, -不饱和醛169010vs芳香醛170510vs醌1,4或1,2167510vs脂肪酸1710101440139513181210vsC=O (二聚体)单体出现在1760CH C-O, -不饱和酸171010vs芳香酸169010vsC=O (二聚体)邻取代芳酸16605vs分子内氢键脂肪酯1740513001050vsvsC=Oa , s (C-O-C) 两个谱带, -不饱和脂

8、1750173513001100vss-酮酯17551740vs乙烯酸酯和苯酯17802016901650120010vssvsC=OC=C有时可高达1715C-O-C芳酸酯172051310125011801100vsvssC=Oa (C-O-C)s (C-O-C)芳香酸酯17401730vsC=O邻取代芳酸酯16901670vs内酯18301740vsC=O酸ss芳酸酐和, -不饱和酸酐1785517255svs环酐1850179018501770svssvs酰卤180015vs过氧化酰1820178018051755vsvsC=O, R=脂基C=O, R=芳基一

9、级酰胺约1690约1650ssC=O 稀溶液C=O 固态二级酰胺1700167016801630ssC=O 稀溶液C=O 固态三级酰胺16701630sC=O 游离和缔合内酰胺166017001745ssC=O亚酰胺17301670sssC=OsC=O尿素16005sC=O烯键和烯氢乙烯949=C-H乙烯基3020166016401000983mms=C-H=C-C, 总比=C-O强度低=C-H3085516551650905885mms=C-H=C-C=C-H, 倍频在18601800304030101660165570030mms=C-HC=CC=H30403010167516701000

10、950mwsC=H分子对称，红外非活性C=C=C-H、167013901375840690wmwsC=C-C-H-C-H烯醚16501610mC=C乙烯酯16901650sC=C可高达1715,-不饱和胺17001660m氟代烯烃16501615C=C共轭多烯16501580m C=C烯酮16451620ms C=C芳环共轭烯16251620m C=C张力双键15661651 C=C环外双键16781651m C=C芳香环苯30403030200016001225950900690mwws C-H倍频与合频指纹区芳香环1600515801450msm苯环骨架振动，吸收位置骨架伸缩稠环体系16501450骨架振动单取代环770730710690vss二取代o-770735vsm-90086081075072568