高考英语复句备考要从语法基础概念抓起

复句备考要从语法基础概念抓起主从复合句 是英语中非常重要的句子结构，在高考各类题型中都有不同难度的考查。在单选题中尤其重视对 形容词性从句 （ 定语从句）、 名词性从句 （ 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 ） 及 状语从句 （ 时间、地点、条件、目的、原因、结果、比较、让步、方式 ） 的考查，这也是学生考试中失分较多的地方。一、引 言历年来安徽省高考英语复句考查细目表年份 具体项目 年份 具体项目20053题22、表 语 、 时间 状 语 从句29、 时间 状 语 从句32、条件状 语 从句20093题22、 时间 状 语 从句27、非限制定 语 从句30、 宾语 从句20061题29、同位 语 从句 20102题27、 强 调结 构29、 让 步状 语 从句20073题21、非限制性定 语 从句33、 宾语 、定 语 从句34、 时间 状 语 从句20112题28、非限制性定 语 从句33、 宾语 从句20083题26、定 语 从句29、状 语 从句31、 宾语 从句20122题27、非限制性定 语 从句29、主 语 从句2005-2012年安徽省高考英语对复句的考查年份 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012计 数 3 1 3 3 3 2 2 2总结 ： 复句年年考，每年两三题。偶尔二合一，有难也有易。(安徽 2012年 ) 27. The limits of a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.A. where B. whether C. that D. why (安徽 2012年 ) 29. lot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. A. as B. it C. which D. this非限制性定语从句主语从句 先看两道容易题(安徽 2011年 )33. His writing is so confusing that its difficult to make out _it is he is trying to express.A. that B. how C. who D. what宾语从句(安徽 2009年 ) 27. A good friend of mine from _ I was born showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing. A. how B. whom C. when D. which再看两道较难题定语从句 /宾语从句？it is要想在主从复合句这类题目上不失分，需要学生有一定的 句子结构分析能力 。因此教师要借助于对高考题的分析 ,把握复合句的考点方向，通过各类题型理解复合句,提高学生句子结构分析能力，提高做题的准确率 。 二、解题心得体会语法基础概念语法基础概念词性： 名、动、形、副、数、代、 冠、介、连、叹 。句子成分： 主、谓、宾、表、同、定、状、补。基本句型句子类型简单句并列句复合句1、主语 +连系动词 +表语 5、主语 +及动 +宾语 +宾补. 忽视对基础语法进行复习的原因1、高考试题强调交际性、语用能力2、教师对语法教学法理解的偏差英语学习要体现交际性主流观点：淡化语法。 权威的语法书对于句子成分的重要性也都只是提一提，没有足够练习。 3、学生觉得抽象不感兴趣4、当前语文课上也不讲语法不愿提不愿教不愿学没概念. 本次江南十校考试中学生典型错误选时间状语从句缺谓语条件状语从句缺主语定语从句缺主语动词干了名词的活 形容词干了动词的活. 本次江南十校考试中学生典型错误选两个谓语打架副词干了形容词的活. 本次江南十校考试中学生典型错误选1、 如果一个同学具备了较好的 句子分析的能力的话，他在阅读的时候就 不再是以单词为单位 进行阅读，他就可能以 短语 为单位或者以 分句 为单位进行进行阅读了。实践证明，仅凭一种语感去做题是不行的，即便是做再多的题也不会有很好的效果的。. 对基础语法进行复习的必要性2、 英语简单句由各 成分 组成，各成分又连接了相应的 词类 ， 还有非谓语动词； 复合句 和 并列句 又是由 简单句 扩展而成。提纲挈领，整个英语语法体系就这么出来了，足见句子成分的重要性。 三、命题规律与命题趋势分析历年高考关于主从复合句的考查可以看出以下考点：一、定语从句主要考查内容 : 1.关系代词与关系副词的选用；2.非限制性定语从句，特别是先行词是整个句子时；3.“ 介词 +关系代词 ” 引导的定语从句 ; 4.对于表地点、时间的先行词的模糊化。二、名词性从句主要考查内容： 1.连接词的选用；2.语序问题。三、状语从句主要考查连接词的选用。做好最充分的准备，就是最准确的预测！四、常考点、易错点、难点解题技巧1.关于定语从句引导词的选择应注意当先行词是表时间、地点的名词时，不能草率地认为定语从句就一定用 when和 where引导， 需弄清所缺的关系词在从句中所充当的句子成分 才能选择恰当的关系词。需要牢记的是：关系副词在定语从句中只能做状语，即使先行词是表示时间、地点的名词，但如果所缺关系词在从句中是做主语、宾语或表语的话，仍然应用关系代词 which或 that，如果做定语的话用 whose引导。比较： This is the museum _we visited last year. This is the museum _ my father used to work. Ill never forget the days _ I studied in this university. Ill never forget the days _ we spent together.实证 例 题 ： （ 10湖南 28） Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _I met in the English speech contest last year. A. who B. where C. when D. which （ 10山 东 24） Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C. whose D. what(which/that)wherewhen(which/that)2. as， which都可引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句，在从句中都能做主语、宾语。但是， as除了引导定语从句外，还有 “正如 ”、 “像 一样 ”的含义， which没有这个意思。此外，在句首引导非限制性定语从句时， 只能用 as。如：_ is known to all， China will be an advanced powerful country in 20 or 30 years.实证 例 题 ： （ 10四川 10） After graduating from college， I took some time off to go travelling， _ turned out to be a wise decisionA that B which C when D whereAs3.关于 “ 介词 +关系代词 ” 引导的定语从句应注意：能做介词宾语的关系代词只有 whom 和 which，先行词指人时，用 whom，先行词指物时用 which。介词的选定有两个原则，一是看从句中的动词和哪个介词可构成固定搭配，二是看定语从句所修饰的先行词与什么介词搭配。（ 1） In the office I never seem to have time until after 530，_ which many people have got home（ 2） In the dark street， there wasnt a single person _whom she could turn for help.实证 例 题 ： （ 1） （ 10山东 38） Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future. A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which（ 2） （ 10江苏 32） The newly built caf, the walls of_ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. A. that B. it C. what D. which byto4.关于表地点、时间的先行词的模糊化指的是定语从句修饰的先行词指的是一些表抽象意义的名词如 point(程度，限度，地步 )/case/situation/position/condition(情况） /job/activity等，此时关系词用 where引导。也有先行词指模糊时间的如 occasion等，此时用when引导。实证 例 题 ： （ 1） (09四川 20)Shell never forget her stay there_ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. A. that B. which C. where D. when（ 2） (09福建 24)Its helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.A. that B. when C. which D. where (3) (09浙江 14)I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.A. which B. where C. how D. why5.对名词性从句的考查主要是判断连接词的使用 ，我们解答此类试题时一要判断连接词在从句中充当的成分，二是要看它在意义方面是否符合语境的要求。特别要 that与 what引导名词性从句时的区别： that无词义，在从句中不做成分。当 that引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时，that不能省。 what既有词义（该词基本的词汇意义），又在名词性从句中充当成分。因此，在选择 what时，既要考虑该词的基本意义，又要考虑它在从句中的作用。实证 例 题 ： （ 10湖南 35） Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew she was so angry.A. where B. whether C. that D. why （ 10天津 14） As a new graduate, he doesnt know it takes to start abusiness here.A. how B. what C. when D. which （ 10浙江 9） It is uncertain side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. A that B what C how D whether 注意 wh-+ever 与 no matter+ wh-的用法区 别 : wh-+ever既可引 导 名 词性从句，又可引 导让 步状 语 从句 ;而 no matter+ wh-只能引 导让步状 语 从句。实证 例 题 ： (06山 东 27) _team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. Whichever (09湖南 28) She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do_ it takes to save her life.A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever it做形式主语与强调词 it以及 it指时间构成的句型的区别：可根据能否恢复原句来判断，即把 It is/was that 去掉，如果剩下的成分仍然能构成一个完整的句子，这就是强调句型，否则就有可能是 it做形式主语或 it指时间构成的句型：It is/was + 时间 +when/before从句；It is+时间 +since从句。实证 例 题 ： (09天津 7) It is obvious to the students _ they should get well prepared for their future.A. as B. which C. whether D. that （ 10安徽 27） It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village _ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner. A. where B. that C. when D. which that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别： that引导同位语从句时，应在某些抽象名词之后，如： fact, hope, thought, word, suggestion, belief等，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，而且that只起引导作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，而 that引导定语从句时，一方面 that起引导作用，另一方面 that在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，做宾语时也可省略。实证 例 题 ： (09四川 7) News came from the school office _ Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.A. which B. what C. that D. where (09浙江 12) Is there any possibility _ you could pick me up at the airport? No problem.A. When B. that C. whether D. what6.关于对名词性从句语序问题的考查可遵循陈述句语序的原则。（ 10上海 37） When changing lanes（ 车 道 ） , a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know .A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is enteringC. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering实证例题Bear them in your mind!7.关于状语从句引导词的选择应首先具备全面的状语从句知识，熟悉每个连接词的语义和语用特征，解答这类题时一定要头脑清醒，思维清晰，实际上，这类题是让你选出两个具有一定逻辑关系分句之间的一个 “ 逻辑链 ” 。所以说，能否准确把握分句间的逻辑关系是做出正确选择的关键。注意 条件状语从句 的考查呈逐年上升的趋势。实证 例 题 ： （ 10湖南 32） Tim is in good shape physically he doesnt get much exercise.A. if B. even though C. unless D. as long as （ 10山东 28） The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, _ accompanied by an adult.A. once B. when C. if D. unless （ 10重庆 32） Today, we will begin _ we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.A. when B. where C. how D. what附：附：2005-2012年安徽省高考英语复句考题年安徽省高考英语复句考题安徽 2005年22. You must keep on working in the evening _ you are sure you can finish the task in time.条件状语从句A. as B. if C. when D. unless29. That was really a splendid evening. Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much.时间状语从句A. when B. that C. before D. since32. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _ it was 20 years ago, _ it was so poorly equipped.表语、时间状语从句A. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; that安徽 200629. A warm thought suddenly came to me _ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday.同位语从句A. if B. when C. that D. which安徽 200721. The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _ we meet them again. 时间状语从句A. after B. before C. since D. when33. You can only be sure of _ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _ you might get in the future.宾语、定语从句A. that; what B. what; / C. which; that D. /; that34. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it. 非限制性定语从句A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom安徽 200826. All the neighbors admire this family. _the parents are treating their child like a friend.定语从句A. why B. where C. which D. that29. Students are always interested in finding out _ they can go with