模具的制造及模具外文翻译.docx

mold manufacturing and the development trend of the moldmold manufacturing :the requirement of the mold design :the size should be exact ,surface should be clean ,structure should be reasonable ,high production efficiency ,easy automation ,long service life ,low cost ,etc.rigidity, oriented, discharge institutions ,positioning method ,gap size etc. should be considered during the mold design and the coefficient selection .the replacement of wearing parts on the mold should be easy .high efficiency ,high precision ,high-life mold should be used in mass production .the selection of mold material: mold material selection is a very important part of the process of making the mold .mold material selection need to meet three principles: mold should meet the wear resistance ; toughness and other work demands ;technical requirements ,and also ,mold should meet the economic applicability .mold to meet the working conditions:wear resistance: blank in the mold cavity in the plastic denaturation , will be flowing and sliding along the cavity. so there will be a sharp friction between the cavity surface and the blank and it results in the mold to wear and failure. thats why the wear resistance of the materials is one of the most important and basic performance of the mold.hardness is the main factors of affecting the wear resistance. in general, the higher the hardness of the mold parts, the smaller the amount of wear, the better wear resistance. in addition, the wear resistance relates with the type, quantity, shape, size and distribution of the carbide of the material. strength and toughness: most mold work in a very bad working conditions, some often bear a big impact load, which leads to brittle fracture. in order to prevent this situation, mold should have high strength and toughness. the toughness of the mold material depends on the carbon content, grain size and organization of the state. fatigue fracture performance: while the mold is working, the long-term effect of cyclic stress often leads to fatigue fracture. fatigue fracture properties of the mold depends on its strength, toughness, hardness and the debris content of the material.high temperature performance: when the mold works in a high temperature, hardness and strength will decrease. it leads to early wear and failure because of plastic deformation. so the mold material should have high resistance to tempering stability in order to ensure the mold have a high hardness and strength in the operating temperature.performance of the resistance to thermal fatigue: some mold in the state of repeating heating and cooling while working, which causes cracking and spalling of the cavity surface, increasing friction and hinder plastic deformation, reducing the dimensional accuracy. it leads to the failure of the mold. thermal fatigue is one of the main form of failure of the mold, these mold should have a high resistance to thermal fatigue performance.corrosion resistance: some molds such as plastic mold decomposes and precipitats hcl, hf and other strong corrosive gases after heated because of the chlorine and fluorine and other elements in the plastic. they will eroding the surface of the mold cavity, increasing its surface roughness, increase the wear failure.7.die trend1. mold cad / cae / cam being integrated, three-dimensional, intelligent and network direction (1) mold software features integrated die software features of integrated software modules required relatively complete, while the function module using the same data model, in order to achieve syndicated news management and sharing of information to support the mold design, manufacture, assembly, inspection, testing and production management of the entire process to achieve optimal benefits. series such as the uk delcams software will include a surface / solid geometric modeling, engineering drawing complex geometry, advanced rendering industrial design, plastic mold design expert system, complex physical cam, artistic design and sculpture automatic programming system, reverse engineering and complex systems physical line measurement systems. a higher degree of integration of the software includes: pro / engineer, ug and catia, etc. shanghai jiao tong university, china with finite element analysis of metal plastic forming systems and die cad / cam systems; beijing beihang haier software ltd. caxa series software; jilin gold grid engineering research center of the stamping die mold cad / cae / cam systems . (2) mold design, analysis and manufacture of three-dimensional two-dimensional mold of traditional structural design can no longer meet modern technical requirements of production and integration. mold design, analysis, manufacturing three-dimensional technology, paperless software required to mold a new generation of three-dimensional, intuitive sense to design the mold, using three-dimensional digital model can be easily used in the product structure of cae analysis, tooling manufacturability evaluation and cnc machining, forming process simulation and information management and sharing. such as pro / engineer, ug and catia software such as with parametric, feature-based, all relevant characteristics, so that mold concurrent engineering possible. in addition, cimatran company mold expert, delcams ps-mold and hitachi shipbuilding of space-e/mold are professional injection mold 3d design software, interactive 3d cavity, core design, mold base design configuration and typical structure . australian company moldflow realistic three-dimensional flow simulation software moldflowadvisers been widely praised by users and applications. china huazhong university of science have developed similar software hsc3d4.5f and zhengzhou university, z-mold software. for manufacturing, knowledge-based intelligent software function is a measure of die important sign of advanced and practical one. such as injection molding experts cimatrons software can automatically generate parting direction based parting line and parting surface, generate products corresponding to the core and cavity, implementation of all relevant parts mold, and for automatically generated bom form nc drilling process, and can intelligently process parameter setting, calibration and other processing results.(3) mold software applications, networking trendwith the mold in the enterprise competition, cooperation, production and management, globalization, internationalization, and the rapid development of computer hardware and software technology, the internet has made in the mold industry, virtual design, agile manufacturing technology both necessary and possible. the united states in its 21st century manufacturing enterprise strategy that the auto industry by 2006 to achieve agile manufacturing / virtual engineering solutions to automotive development cycle shortened from 40 months to 4 months. 2. mold testing, processing equipment to the precise, efficient, and multi-direction (1) mold testing equipment more sophisticated, efficientsophisticated, complex, large-scale mold development, testing equipment have become increasingly demanding. precision mould precision now reached 2 3m, more domestic manufacturers have to use italy, the united states, japan and other countries in the high-precision coordinate measuring machine, and with digital scanning. such as dongfeng motor mould factory not only has the capacity 3250mm 3250mm italian coordinate measuring machine, also has a digital photography optical scanner, the first in the domestic use of digital photography, optical scanning as a means of spatial three-dimensional access to information, enabling the establishment from the measurement of physical model output of engineering drawings the whole process of mold making, reverse engineering a successful technology development and applications. this equipment include: second-generation british renishaw high-speed scanners (cyclon series2) can be realized and contact laser probe complementary probe, laser scanner accuracy of 0.05mm, scanning probe contact accuracy of 0.02 mm. another german company gom atos portable scanners, japan rolands pix-30, pix-4 desktop scanner and the united kingdom taylor hopsons talyscan150 multi-sensor, respectively three-dimensional scanner with high speed, low-cost and functional composite and so on.(2) cnc edmjapan sodick linear motor servo drive using the companys aq325l, aq550lls-wedm have driven fast response, transmission and high positioning accuracy, the advantages of small thermal deformation. switzerland chanmier company ncedm with p-e3 adaptive control, pce energy control and automatic programming expert systems. others also used the powder mixed edm machining technology, micro-finishing pulse power and fuzzy control (fc) technologies. (3) high-speed milling machine (hsm) milling is an important means of cavity mold. the low-temperature high-speed milling with the workpiece, cutting force is small, smooth processing, processing quality, processing efficiency (for the general milling process 5 to 10 times) and can process hard materials (60hrc) and many other advantages. thus in the mold processing more and more attention. ruishikelang company ucp710-type five-axis machining center, machine tool positioning accuracy up to 8m, home-made closed-loop vector control spindle with a maximum speed 42000r/min. italy rambaudis high-speed milling, the processing range of up to 2500mm 5000mm 1800mm, speed up 20500r/min, cutting feed speed of 20m/min. hsm generally used large, medium-sized mold, such as motor cover mold, die casting mold, large plastic surface machining, the surface precision up to 0.01mm. 模具的制造及模具的发展趋势模具的制造：模具设计制作的要求是：尺寸精确、表面光洁；结构合理、生产效率高、易于自动化；制造容易、寿命高、成本低；设计符合工艺需要，经济合理。 模具结构设计和参数选择须考虑刚性、导向性、卸料机构、定位方法、间隙大小等因素。模具上的易损件应容易更换。在大批量生产中应采用高效率、高精度、高寿命的模具。模具的选材：模具选材是整个模具制作过程中非常重要的一个环节。 模具选材需要满足三个原则，模具满足耐磨性、强韧性等工作需求，模具满足工艺要求，同时模具应满足经济适用性。 模具满足工作条件要求1、耐磨性 坯料在模具型腔中塑性变性时，沿型腔表面既流动又滑动，使型腔表面与坯料间产生剧烈的摩擦，从而导致模具因磨损而失效。所以材料的耐磨性是模具最基本、最重要的性能之一。 硬度是影响耐磨性的主要因素。一般情况下，模具零件的硬度越高，磨损量越小，耐磨性也越好。另外，耐磨性还与材料中碳化物的种类、数量、形态、大小及分布有关。 2强韧性 模具的工作条件大多十分恶劣，有些常承受较大的冲击负荷，从而导致脆性断裂。为防止模具零件在工作时突然脆断，模具要具有较高的强度和韧性。 模具的韧性主要取决于材料的含碳量、晶粒度及组织状态。 3疲劳断裂性能 模具工作过程中，在循环应力的长期作用下，往往导致疲劳断裂。 模具的疲劳断裂性能主要取决于其强度、韧性、硬度、以及材料中夹杂物的含量。 4高温性能 当模具的工作温度较高进，会使硬度和强度下降，导致模具早期磨损或产生塑性变形而失效。因此，模具材料应具有较高的抗回火稳定性，以保证模具在工作温度下，具有较高的硬度和强度。 5耐冷热疲劳性能 有些模具在工作过程中处于反复加热和冷却的状态，使型腔表面受拉、压力变应力的作用，引起表面龟裂和剥落，增大摩擦力，阻碍塑性变形，降低了尺寸精度，从而导致模具失效。冷热疲劳是热作模具失效的主要形式之一，帮这类模具应具有较高的耐冷热疲劳性能。 6耐蚀性 有些模具如塑料模在工作时，由于塑料中存在氯、氟等元素，受热后分解析出hci、hf等强侵蚀性气体，侵蚀模具型腔表面，加大其表面粗糙度，加剧磨损失效。模具的发展趋势1.模具cad/cae/cam正向集成化、三维化、智能化和网络化方向发展 （1）模具软件功能集成化模具软件功能的集成化要求软件的功能模块比较齐全，同时各功能模块采用同一数据模型以实现信息的综合管理与共享，从而支持模具设计、制造、装配、检验、测试及生产管理的全过程，达到实现最佳效益的目的。如英国delcam公司的系列化软件就包括了曲面/实体几何造型、复杂形体工程制图、工业设计高级渲染、塑料模设计专家系统、复杂形体cam、艺术造型及雕刻自动编程系统、逆向工程系统及复杂形体在线测量系统等。集成化程度较高的软件还包括：pro/engineer、ug和catia等。国内有上海交通大学金属塑性成型有限元分析系统和冲裁模cad/cam系统；北京北航海尔软件有限公司的caxa系列软件；吉林金网格模具工程研究中心的冲压模cad/cae/cam系统等。 （2）模具设计、分析及制造的三维化 传统的二维模具结构设计已越来越不适应现代化生产和集成化技术要求。模具设计、分析、制造的三维化、无纸化要求新一代模具软件以立体的、直观的感觉来设计模具，所采用的三维数字化模型能方便地用于产品结构的cae分析、模具可制造性评价和数控加工、成形过程模拟及信息的管理与共享。如pro/engineer、ug和catia等软件具备参数化、基于特征、全相关等特点，从而使模具并行工程成为可能。另外，cimatran公司的moldexpert，delcam公司的ps-mold及日立造船的space-e/mold均是3d专业注塑模设计软件，可进行交互式3d型腔、型芯设计、模架配置及典型结构设计。澳大利亚moldflow公司的三维真实感流动模拟软件moldflowadvisers已经受到用户广泛的好评