物流配送中心外文翻译.doc

北京化工大学北方学院毕业设计（论文）外文文献原稿和译文外文文献原稿和译文原 稿logistics distribution center location factors:(1) the goods distribution and quantity. this is the distribution center and distribution of the object, such as goods source and the future of distribution, history and current and future forecast and development, etc. distribution center should as far as possible and producer form in the area and distribution short optimization. the quantity of goods is along with the growth of the size distribution and constant growth. goods higher growth rate, the more demand distribution center location is reasonable and reducing conveying process unnecessary waste.(2) transportation conditions. the location of logistics distribution center should be close to the transportation hub, and to form the logistics distribution center in the process of a proper nodes. in the conditional, distribution center should be as close to the railway station, port and highway.(3) land conditions. logistics distribution center covers an area of land in increasingly expensive problem today is more and more important. is the use of the existing land or land again? land price? whether to conform to the requirements of the plan for the government, and so on, in the construction distribution center have considered.(4) commodities flow. enterprise production of consumer goods as the population shift and change, should according to enterprises better distribution system positioning. meanwhile, industrial products market will transfer change, in order to determine the raw materials and semi-finished products of commodities such as change of flow in the location of logistics distribution center should be considered when the flow of the specific conditions of the relevant goods.(5) other factors. such as labor, transportation and service convenience degree, investment restrictions, etc.how to reduce logistics cost，enhance the adaptive capacity and strain capacity of distribution center is a key research question of agricultural product logistics distribution centerat present，most of the research on logistics cost concentrates off theoretical analysis of direct factors of logistics cost, and solves the problem of over-high logistics cost mainly by direct channel solutionthis research stresses on the view of how to loeate distribution center, analyzes the influence of locating distribution center on logistics costand finds one kind of simple and easy location method by carrying on the location analysis of distribution center through computer modeling and the application of exeelso the location of agricultural product logistics distribution center can be achieved scientifically and reasonably, which will attain the goal of reducing logistics cost, and have a decisionmaking support function to the logisties facilities and planning of agricultural productthe agricultural product logistics distribution center deals with dozens and even hundreds of clients every day, and transactions are made in high-frequency. if the distribution center is far away from other distribution points，the moving and transporting of materials and the collecting of operational data is inconvenient and costly. costlythe modernization of agricultural product logistics s distribution center is a complex engineering system，not only involves logistics technology, information technology, but also logistics management ideas and its methods，in particular the specifying of strategic location and business model is essential for the constructing of distribution center. how to reduce logistics cost，enhance the adaptive capacity and strain capacity of distribution center is a key research question of agricultural product logistics distribution center. the socalled logistics costs refers to the expenditure summation of manpower, material and financial resources in the moving process of the goodssuch as loading and unloading，conveying，transport，storage，circulating，processing, information processing and other segments. in a word。the logistics cost is the cost of completing all logisties activitiesand the responsibility of reducing 109isties cost not only relies on the logistics section，but also on the establishment of”business strategy”to a great extentin chain operationto lower total logistics cost of distribution center is a strong support of chain supermarkets”profit”. the logistics cost in chain operation occupies a large proportion of the cost of the entire circulationthe chain supermarket companys logistics cost in developed countries such as the united statesjapan and europe usually accounts for 4-6of the salesthe logistics cost of cold storage distribution (including frozen，chilled) is 25 times the logistics cost of normal temperature distributionif the special attention is not paid to the accounting of logistics cost of distribution center, it would like to bring the serious consequence to the enterprisethe best location of agricultural product logistics distribution center should be located nearby “river garden” through above computer modeling analysis; it is the minimum transport cost from each of 5 points to the location. there are many uncertain factors difficult to be measured in actual applications, which can be solved by adjusting transport rat ri. this location can basically meet the demand. he key of the models application is the accurate substitution of the maps, and it is not difficult to figure outin actual logistics practice，possibly involving tens or even hundreds of distribution points，the use of computer methods will be very valuable。theoretically speaking，although its precision has certain error；compared to the traditional location method depending on subjective imaginationit is scientific somewhatadditionally, the above-mentioned method is concise，and no advanced computer programming technology is needed，as long as with certain computer knowledge and operating skills，anyone can complete it，and easily apply it to logistics practiceexperiences from abroad shows that the correct location of agricultural product logistics distribution center will help the healthy and orderly development of logistics industrythe rapid industrialization and growth of many countries around the world has spurred the development of supply chains management reach around the world. supply chain management is the management which increases the value of supply chain. it is the process of plan, moderateness and control among departments and organizations in the whole supply chain to the flow of goods, information and capital etc. its purpose is to maximize net value and increase operational efficiency and effectiveness to all related process through system optimization.supply chain management is the high stage of logistics development, which provide opportunities for manufacturers to cut costs and be closer to emerging and high growth markets but it has also created new risks. as supply chains become more and more dependent on the efficient of logistics center in supply chain have great influence to the modern logistics. it play an important role in making use of logistic resources, upgrading logistics technology and logistics equipment, improving quality of service, improving logistics investment environment, promoting the growth of the third party logistics provider. in addition, the site selection of logistics distribution center is an important part of logistics planning, and the quality of site selection program has a directly influence to service cost and scope of the whole logistics system.our model is a variant of the standard fixed charge capacitated facility location models with several sources; which has the same constraints but uses a non-linear objective function to capture the operational aspects of lead times and service level explicitly. as site selection of logistics distribution center is a discrete combinatorial optimization problem. in this paper, we discuss the use of genetic algorithms (ga) for solving the site selection problem. the advantage of ga is that their chromosomes representations depend on the constraints and not the objective function. thus, by modifying only the fitness function, we can use a given representation to develop ga to optimize different objectives under the same constraints. site selection of logistics distribution centers is a kind of np hard problem when the number of vendors and delivers crease，the complexity of the problem grows in the form of exponential at the process of site selection，this paper consider the factors among vendors，dealers，distribution centers and the optimization problems under supply chain management etc and design me solution model and test the model with mat lab at last at present， the theoretical study and practical application of the optimization problem is relatively less for the system of site selection under me whole supply chain management so，this paper proposes the practice model of the problem and test it with ga has a center significance of research. however, this paper simplifies the cost of delivery path, the impact of certain storage management strategy and administrative measures to site selection of distribution centers are not considered too, etc. those problems are all the focus in our future study.the iron and steel industry has enormous logistics components; it is under constant pressure to shorten delivery time, improve quality, reduce cost, and improve service. therefore, how to control the logistics costs under the existing condition is the urgent problem for the iron and steel enterprises.in recent years, many researchers have conducted studies on logistics cost management. for cost control of iron and steel enterprises, these studies mainly took the viewpoint of production logistics and production techniques.as present, the logistics cost control of small and medium-sized iron and steel enterprises mainly have the following major problems:in order to prevent interruption of the supply of raw materials, the enterprises overstock raw material and work in progress.the inventory of raw materials, semi-finished products, and purchased components is determined according to stock requirement, rather than driven by the orders books.after decades of development, production logistics situation has become more complicated. it has brought more and more challenges to the day-to-day business operation and planning of the enterprises.we assume that the production capacity of enterprises can fully meet the needs of the market; the location and sales volume of each wholesaler and its customers have been identified; and the location of resources and the volume of resources have been identified; the finished work to the logistics center can be ignored; and the delivery fee from the logistics center to the wholesalers and customers is constant.the supply and distribution networks and demand volume of cw group are as shown in fig.1. according to the logistics center location model in (2),the longitude and latitude coordinates are calculated as(105.7,26.5). thus, the logistics center is to be built at longquan in chengdu. in 2006, cw group corporation has developed a complete logistics distribution map, established a database of its distributed inventory, rationalized the companys external transportation routes, optimized the flow of goods and materials, continued to reduce the rate of empty vehicles and improved efficiency, integrated the logistics resources in lianjie, zizhong, longquan, xichang, and chongqing, and optimized the logistics transportation costs.based on the concept of a logistics center, the corporation has formed integrated logistics infrastructure using longquan as the center, and projecting its capability to as far afield as yunnan,guizhou,shanxi,chongqing and other provinces, integrating road, railway, warehousing and distribution service. it has achieved a logistics operating revenue of 277 million yuan (rmb) and a profit of 12.5 million yuan in 2006. the third-party logistics group has achieved a 1.75 million yuan revenue outside the corporation.this paper establishes a logistics center location model to optimize the enterprises logistics network and reduce inventory and transportation costs.this paper also provides a case study, showing that this method can effectively enhance the logistics cost control of small and medium-sized iron and steel enterprises and effectively reduce the companys transportation and logistics operating costs.译 文物流配送中心选址的影响因素 ：（1）货物分布和数量。这是配送中心配送的对象，如货物来源和去向的分布情况、历史和现在以及将来的预测和发展等。配送中心应该尽可能地与生产地和配送区域形成短距离优化。货物数量是随配送规模的增长而不断增长的。货物增长率越高，越是要求配送中心选址的合理性，从而减少输送过程中不必要的浪费。（2）运输条件。物流配送中心的选址应接近交通运输枢纽，使配送中心形成物流过程中的一个恰当的结点。在有条件的情况下，配送中心应尽可能靠近铁路货运站、港口及公路。（3）用地条件。物流配送中心的占地问题在土地日益昂贵的今天显得越来越重要。是利用现有的土地，还是重新征地？地价如何？是否符合政府规划要求等等，在建设配送中心时都要进行综合考虑。 （4）商品流动。企业生产的消费品随着人口的转移而变化，应据此更好地为企业的配送系统定位。同时，工业产品市场也会转移变化，为了确定原材料和半成品等商品的流动变化情况，在进行物流配送中心的选址时，应考虑有关商品流动的具体情况。 （5）其他因素。如劳动力、运输与服务的方便程度、投资额的限制等。 如何降低物流成本，提高适应能力和应变能力是一个配送中心，农产品物流配送中心，重点研究的问题。目前，对物流的研究集中了最经济的物流成本的直接因素理论分析，解决了在高物流问题的成本主要由直接通道解决方案。这项研究对配送中心如何选址的观点来讲，分析了定位的配送中心物流成本的影响。并找到一种简单的，容易被定位的一种方法账面上，通过计算机模拟的配送中心选址分析及应用，因此对农业产品的物流配送中心的位置。才能实现科学，合理，这将达到降低物流成本的目标，并作出决定。决策支持功能到物流设施和农业产品规划。 农产品物流配送和客户有数十甚至数百个每天和交易中心的交易是在高频率。如果配送中心是远离其他经销点，移动和材料运输和业务数据采集不便，成本高。在现代化建设中的农产品物流配送中心是一个复杂的工程系统，不仅涉及具体的战略定位和商业模式指定的物流技术，信息技术，而且还物流管理理念和方法，对于构建基本的分布中心。如何降低物流成本，提高适应能力和应变能力是一个配送中心，农产品物流配送中心，重点研究的问题。所谓物流成本是指在货物移动过程中的人力，物力，财力的支出总和。如装卸，搬运，运输，储存，流通，加工，信息处理等领域。总之，物流成本是完成所有物流活动的费用。和降低物流责任成本不仅依赖于物流节，但也对“经营策略”，以一个伟大的供应链连锁经营，降低总的物流配送中心的成本是连锁超市的大力支持“利润“。连锁超市公司的物流成本在发达国家大部分费用冷库分布（包括冷藏冷冻）为2.5倍，常温储存，如果物流成本特别注意的是不支付给物流配送中心的成本会计，它会给企业带来严重的后果。 在农产品物流配送中心的最佳位置应位于通过上述计算机模拟分析附近的“河园”，它是从每题5分运输成本最低的位置。有许多不确定因素很难在实际应用中测量，它可以通过调整运输解决。这个位置可以基本满足需求。他对模型的应用程序的关键是准确的地图取代，这是不难作出的实际物流图，可能涉及数十甚至数百个分销点，电脑使用方法将是非常宝贵的。理论上讲，虽然它的精度有一定的误差相对于传统的定位方法依赖于主观意见.它是比较科学的，此外，上面提到的方法简明，没有先进的计算机编程技术是必要的，具有一定的电脑知识，只要和操作技能，任何人都可以完成它，也很容易申请到国外物流经验，实践表明，农产品物流配送中心的正确位置将有助于物流业的健康有序发展。快速工业化和世界各地的许多国家的增长刺激了对供应链管理的发展达到世界各地。供应链管理