《物流开题报告》word版.doc

毕业设计（论文）材料之二（2）本科毕业设计(论文)开题报告题目： 垂直电子商务环境下物流配送模式 选择研究课 题 类 型： 设计 实验研究 论文R学 生 姓 名： 林靖学 号： 3132504229专 业 班 级： 物流 102学 院： 管理工程学院指 导 教 师： 桂 云 苗开 题 时 间： 2014.04.10 2014年04月10日一、 毕业论文的研究意义与研究现状 当前，国内垂直电子商务的发展如火如荼，根据艾瑞咨询的调查显示，2013 年中国网络购物市场交易规模达1.5万亿元，同比增长42.0%。据商务部 2012-2013 年中国电子商务发展报告，2013年中国网络购物用户达3.1亿人,发达国家如美国电商销售额占据了全美网购市场80%的份额,这些数据吸引着越来越多的企业进入电子商务领域目前电子商务领域，市场份额较大的有天猫京东苏宁和易购等，也有凡客当当麦考林等中型企业，还有像红孩子和钻石小鸟等中小型企业，竞争非常激烈，有专家指出，电子商务企业的竞争是一场持久战。 垂直电子商务购物消费者遍布各大中小城市及县城，因而配送地点的高度分散及不确定性也就成了必然，过于分散的物流配送网络不利于低物流成本运作。垂直电子商务物流配送模式选择研究可以充分了解各种配送模式的特点和实用范围，可以帮助垂直电商结合自身点选择合理的物流配送模式，制定合理的配送体系，从而降低物流成本。电子商务的优越性在于大大提高了商务活动的水平和服务质量，而垂直电子商务大多为直接为终端消费者服务。如果配送模式使用不当，往往会出现配送时间过长，未真正实现送货上门。从而影响物流效率和服务质量。因而垂直电子商务物流配送模式选择研究为电子商务配送应用提供了理论依据，垂直电子是商务配送模式研究有助于垂直电商提高物流效率和服务质量。与发达国家电子商务是建立在高效的现代物流基础上不同，我国的电子商务是由传统物流向现代物流的道路上展开的，物流配送体系的相对落后导致电子商务高效快捷的优势不能体现出来。垂直电子商务配送模式的研究有助于物流配送模式的优化，从而帮助我国垂直电子商务突破行业的制约。物流业不断创新与发展是电子商务蓬勃发展的重要推动因素。 本课题在借鉴前人研究的基础上，从电子商务企业如何选择物流模式的角度来研究电子商务物流，分析了三种典型的电子商务物流模式：自行组建物流配送系统的模式；第三方物流的模式；以及近年来开始出现的物流联盟的模式，采用AHP层次分析法进行定量分析和定性的物流决策方法分析。结合我国电子商务物流现状，提出了电子商务企业物流模式选择的评价方法，并通过案例进行验证，最后对我国垂直电子商务物流配送模式提出了建议。二、 毕业论文的研究现状和发展趋势1国内研究现状近年来，随着知识经济的发展和信息公路的建设，众多的垂直电子商务企业的崛起，物流配送的重要性逐渐被认识，越来越多的文献就关于垂直电子商务企业物流配送的研究做了不同观点的阐述与分析。如王虹（2013）1介绍了电子商务的活动现状：人们对物流缺乏正确的理解和认识，观念陈旧、商业环境相对落后、物流基础设施布局不合理、物流企业经营管理体制落后，物流企业服务水平亟待提高和物流人才严重缺乏。杨晨(2013)2提出我国“物流瓶颈”形成的原因包括长期以来，由于受计划经济的影响，我国物流社会化程度低，设施利用率低，布局不合理，重复建设，资金浪费严重；网络无法解决物流问题；目前呈现出重商流、轻物流，重信息网、轻物流网的倾向比较严重；物流基础设施还不能适应物流发展的需要和管理体制和服务水平的落后，以及物流人才的匮乏。针对以上种种莫翠梅提出建立与完善法规政策，加强基础设施的投入、树立物流信用体系，提高科技含量的对策。长期以来“物流瓶颈”问题一直都是电子商务企业的主要问题之一，信息流、商流、资金流都能在高速发展的网络上完成，唯独是物流，它是商品的物理移动过程。分析电子商务的物流瓶颈，更有的学者深入的着重于我国垂直电子商务模式企业的物流配送瓶颈问题进行分析。郭琳(2012)3认为垂直电子商务环境下物流配送的最大特点就是用户分散且距离远近不同，面对庞大和分散的消费者，电子商务运营商要想抓住每一个客户，除了要提供物美价廉的商品外，更要能让消费者在尽可能短的时间内享受到商品或服务带给他们的乐趣和福利。概括垂直电子商务企业主要有邮政体系配送(特别是EMS体系)的物流模式、网站自建配送的物流模式和借助第三方物流企业的模式以及网站与传统商业结合的模式。张成志（2012）4指出了垂直电子商务的物流配送应积极发展第三方物流、加快发展物流行业联盟及信息交流、适当发展自建物流和充分利用邮政物流的配送方式的相应对策。文献主要观点是支持垂直电子商务企业发展第三利润源，将企业的物流配送外包。毕竟就现阶段我国垂直电子商务企业在垂直电子商务环境下的物流配送需要面对的顾客数量极多,要做到具有快速及时、准确无误、安全优质高效、低成本是极为复杂的。宁志明（2012）5强调我国垂直电子商务企业，大部分着重于在网站上的销售业绩，能有效的进行电子商务经营，为实现最大利润化目的在资金的问题上企业不得不考虑将物流配送外包，将物流配送系统的各大问题交由第三方物流来完成，从而专注于商品的销售。无可厚非发展第三利润源对我国垂直电子商务企业来说是一条不错的物流配送经营模式。但王乐鹏、刘轩、张世翔（2011）6却有独特的见解，他们提出我国垂直电子商务企业要取得长期的发展，必须要有灵活高效的物流配送体系与之相匹配，提出物流配送体系必须做到以下几点：物流管理柔性化、物流服务系列化、配送流程自动化和物流配送信息化。阐述垂直电子商务的物流体系水平不一，经营模式各不相同，概括为以下四种类型：企业自营配送模式、外包给第三方的物流配送模式、自营和外包相结合的配送模式以及共同配送模式。王建新（2012）7着重提出垂直企业应根据自身的战略目标、企业规模、行业特点选择合适的配送模式。张建奇（2012）8认为企业自营配送模式适合于A企业，并不代表它就适应于B企业，或许垂直电子商务企业更多的适应于外包给第三方的物流配送模式。每个企业都有自身的经营特点，选择适合的配送模式尤为重要。综上所述，目前国内对垂直企业物流配送探讨的文献大致分为三类：对现阶段电子商务物流配送问题的剖析优化物流体系、在“物流瓶颈”剖析的基础上支持发展第三方物流以及针对企业的自身经营选择相适应模式的研究。B2C企业要能长期发展就要把住消费者这一关，为零散客户提供快速便捷的服务是我国B2C企业物流配送的当务之急，必须从物流配送这一关做起，毕竟网上购物能与客户面对面的就只有配送这一关，能使消费者对企业的初步认知也在这一点上。增加便利性的服务是旗下垂直电子商务企业的当务之事。 2国外研究现状国外的文献对垂直电子商务的探讨要更丰富和深入，A S Hornby（2011）9着重于分析垂直电子商务企业的销售业绩和市场的开发，对垂直电子商务企业的信息流、商流、资金流的细述，而极少的文献会就关于电子商务企业物流配送做专题的论述。纵使有有关于物流配送的文献，但主要是结合其本国、本区域的经济发展情况而论，各国的经济发展不一，物流配送模式的建立与运作也不同。从20世纪60年代起，货物配送的合理化在美国就已经普遍得到重视，发展至今，物流配送体系已相对的成熟。如美国的亚马逊书店是世界上销售量最大的书店，物流是亚马逊促销的手段、开源节流是亚马逊促销成功的保证、完善的物流系统是亚马逊生存与发展的命脉；在欧洲诸国，尤其是德国，近10年来德国的物流配送己经摈弃了商品从产地到销地的传统配送模式，基本形成了商品从产地到集散中心，从集散中心(有时通过不止一个集散中心)到达最终客户的现代模式。各国的物流配送模式都结合了其本国的国情，故此论述我国垂直电子商务企业的物流配送,要结合我国的经济发展状况而言，国外较为成熟的物流体系对我国B2C企业物流配送未来的发展有着重大启示。与发达国家的电子商务是建立在高效的现代物流的基础上不同，我国的电子商务是在传统物流向现代物流发展的道路上。Sally Bush（2011）10从现实的约束为条件建立理论，从B2C配送模式选择、物流配送等基层作业实施以及物流配送的系统化三个方面着手提出增值性的物流服务，从而引出：“第四方物流”，并且结合国内各大垂直企业网站案例进行分析说明，以及国家政策对我国B2C电子商务企业发展的影响，以便能够更加清楚地理解我国电子商务企业在现行约束条件下的选择以及这个选择给电子商务物流配送现状带来的影响，为我国垂直电子商务的发展提供有效的经验参考。三、毕业论文的研究方案及工作计划1.论文主要研究内容本论文着眼于垂直电子商务环境下物流配送模式选择研究，共分为五章，各章主要内容如下：第1章为绪论，主要介绍选题背景，选题意义，以及研究的主要内容。第2章主要详细论述了国内外垂直电子商务物流配送模式的发展状况。第3章介绍了垂直电子商务企业可以采用的多种配送模式及其分析。第4章在分析了各自配送模式特点的基础上，根据垂直电子商务自身，提出如何选择相适应的物流配送模式。第5章是对全文的总结和展望，总结了本文的结论和创新点以及有待进一步研究的问题。2.论文工作重点及难点 在确定论文题目之后，对于整篇文章重点的就是要考虑在垂直电子商务环境下物流配送模式的探索，且要找出适合我国的垂直电子商务企业物流配送模式。同样这些也是难点，还需要查阅和借鉴专家学者们研究的成果，进而得出自己论文的提纲及大致方向。在完成论文三稿定稿之后，要充分准备论文的答辩。3. 论文进程表时 间内 容2013年11月07日前毕业设计（论文）准备工作：专业动员；确定毕业设计选题和指导教师等2014年2月25日3月15日毕业实习；实习结束提交实习报告，经指导教师审查通过方可进行毕业设计（论文）2014年3月16日4月10日完成开题报告；各专业召开毕业设计（论文）开题报告会2014年4月10日5月15日毕业设计（论文）中期检查；学生完成毕业设计（论文）初稿；学院及各系对学生毕业设计（论文）完成进度和完成质量进行检查，并对检查结果进行总结。2014年5月16日5月25日毕业设计（论文）进一步修改完善。2014年5月26日5月29日毕业设计（论文）定稿、并打印、装订，上交给指导老师2014年5月30日6月5日各评阅小组对毕业设计（论文）进行评阅，给出评定成绩。2014年6月6日6月14日毕业设计（论文）小组和大组答辩，各指导教师结合指导、评阅和答辩情况给出成绩。2014年6月15日6月19日各专业完成毕业设计（论文）材料的整理、总结和材料归档工作2014年6月20日6月26日前学院完成毕业设计（论文）工作总结、材料整理归档四、主要参考文献1 王虹.浅析电子商务环境下物流配送模式研究J.科技创业月刊,2013,(04): 44-452 杨晨.我国B2C电子商务物流配送模式研究J.现代工业经济和信息化,2013,(12): 85-863 郭琳.电子商务物流配送模式比较以淘宝网与京东商城为例J.商业时代,2013, (16): 42-434 张成志，赵亮.电子商务下的物流配送模式研究J.物流技术,2012,31(10): 66-675 宁志明.B2C电子商务环境下物流配送模式研究J.物流技术,2012,31(7): 146-1476 王乐鹏,刘轩,张世翔.B2C电子商务企业物流配送模式选择研究J.商业经济,2012,(9): 42-437 王建新.电子商务物流配送模式分析J.科技信息,2012,(32): 77-788 张建奇.B2C电子商务物流配送模式探讨及研究J.物流工程与管理,2012,34(06): 21-229 A S Hornby. Research on Logistics Distribution Mode for E-commerce Businesses J.Logistics Management,2011,23(23): 47-4810Sally Bush.Study on Logistics Distribution Mode of B2C E-commerceJ.Logistics and Transportation Review,2011,34(4):105-107指导老师意见 签名： 月 日教研室意见 教研室主任（签章）： 月 日评审小组意见 参加评审人员（签字）： 月 日 Chinas B2C e-commerce type of logistics and distribution【Abstract】 This paper attempts to restrict the present stage of development constraints B2C e-commerce as a hypothetical structural model to understand e-commerce businesses in this under optimizing selection, and the combination of case analysis, and then make relevant policy recommendations. As this stage, the absence of the credit system, choose the delivery door of the distribution model is B2C e-commerce site through the default risk onto themselves in order to win consumer confidence in the product. However, triggered the higher the cost of the site had made through the establishment of distribution costs of such price discrimination means abandoning some of meager profits, demand the most densely concentrated within a small business, while leading consumers to turn over a single consumption for the consumer alone. In addition, from the distribution system itself, the timing of the B2C e-commerce market has led to the status quo; online stores and traditional outlets comparative advantage can only be reflected in prices. On this basis, e-commerce business and government, relevant recommendations.Key words： B2C mode of e-commerce, logistics and distribution, comparative advantages1. IntroductionAlthough not yet fully universal, the concept of e-commerce has been as PC prices continue to decline in cost of Internet use and Internet connection into the lower rate continues to accelerate gradually been taking root. Commercial business-to-consumer business model (Business to Consumer, referred to as B2C) e-commerce transactions as a model, albeit with only a small fraction of the annual total value of transactions, however, and the vast majority of consumers very closely. As we all know, Chinas late start e-commerce, whether it is the network infrastructure, security systems or the management of the relevant laws and regulations, reputation mechanisms are rather imperfect, in which case there can be no B2C portal, go too far. However, there are still a number of our country, like excellence, Dang dang these networks started out the first wave of B2C e-commerce site in 2001 has withstood the severe test of dot-com bubble burst in the face of the status quote of Chinas e-commerce.2. Literature ReviewDistribution refers to the economic rationality within the area, according to the users requirements, selection of items, processing, packaging, partition, group distribution and other operations, and on time delivery of logistics activities in designated locations. The field of B2C e-commerce refers to e-commerce website received a consumer under the orders after the realization of tangible goods from the upstream suppliers to the consumer space and time to transfer. Accordance with the processes and trading partners, the entire logistics chain of e-commerce website is divided into home from the ordering, storing, and sorting and stocking down at home, with the process of loading and transportation of the two. Although the upstream suppliers will undoubtedly affect the transaction costs of logistics and distribution chain, and speed, but with the acceleration of the process of logistics information technology, logistics and distribution upstream speed increases and cost reduction can be achieved through the database docking. In comparison, the goods to consumers in this part is directly related to consumer evaluation of B2C e-commerce site, it seems more important. This paper studies the distribution pattern refers only to goods sent to the consumer from the site of the downstream distribution process.B2C e-commerce enterprises to adopt at this stage of the logistics and distribution model is essentially divided into three categories: built-in implementation services, that companys own logistics management; traditional distribution channels, that is, from manufacturers to send goods directly to customers; third-party logistics (Third Party Logistics, 3PL) from a third party outside of the demand side of the supply part or all of the use of the supply side to demand-side resources through the contract to provide logistics services, also known as outsourcing, contract logistics. of e-business - logistics, information flow and cash flow starting to explore the relationship between the importance of logistics; also has three elements and scholars from the future development trend of the starting expounded the necessity of establishing a modern logistics system. If Liang Yang jun (2003) considered that, due to consumers online ordering and selection of payment method, with the network bandwidth, network security technology improvement and the establishment of Internet banking, they (information flow and capital flow) achieved is no longer a B2C model of the main bottlenecks; so the problem lies in delivery aspects, namely, logistics and distribution problems.Another scholar at the present stage of Chinas logistics and distribution problems in the development of technology, cost, management, and human resources were discussed, pointing out that the modernization of logistics long way to go. In recent years, with a number of B2C e-commerce businesses using third-party logistics, a lot of calls on the analysis or third-party logistics literature came into being. These documents analyzed, using third-party logistics companies to significantly reduce operating costs and the required inventory, consumers can also get faster and more high-quality service, truly a capital flow, information flow, logistics, the unity, and therefore a a win-win choice. Of course, there are some scholars, such as ZHU Guan Yin (2003), referring to the independent operation of logistics and distribution agent is also involved in property ownership will lead to risk liability, costs cost, product quality, and dispute resolution aspects of legal issues.Three. B2C Distribution pattern analysisOn Chinas current situation of e-commerce development, due to a sound credit system has not been established, online shopping fraud cases, as well as newspapers and magazines a lot of negative reports on the frequent e-commerce businesses, enabling people are always skeptical about e-commerce, fear not on track to close to the quality of the goods or the goods do not conform with their expectations. With the largest proportion of online shopping book, for example, although the standardization of quality assessment to determine their likely than other commodities, but there are also that they are not the same version, the wrong page missing pages, piracy and so on. Lack of credibility in the face of the current e-commerce of this constraint, in order to attract a higher degree of risk aversion of customers to join the ranks of online shopping which, B2C e-commerce businesses the only way out is to breach of contract to transfer risk to themselves, which is now Most of B2C e-commerce sites to provide consumers with a free or fee home delivery and cash on delivery service. This single hand cold number-crunching approach despite. is minimal. Let us choose the way of e-commerce distribution constraints in decision-making assumptions as follows:Suppose one, with the spread of personal computers, access the network to continuously reduce costs, coupled with the increase in the number of e-commerce sites and services to improve, more and more people will be willing to try to use this form of shopping online trading activities . Thus, e-commerce businesses operating conditions of an area is constantly turn for the better;Assumption 2, if an e-commerce enterprises to provide home delivery services to an area and will be even greater extent to enhance the e-commerce businesses in the region, the volume of business;Assumption 3, the postal system can reach any place, regardless of the market prospects for its e-commerce businesses are not interested in a sense, will provide mail service in the region, because the mail Pei song will be fully transferred to the consumers, it is only for businesses earnings suffered no loss.Assumption 4, the best ratio of distribution costs of the transfer, the best selling price, the best delivery time in the model as exogenous variables which are, demand increases and is only concerned with the distribution mode selection; and assume that e-business expansion decisions do not consider the competitive pressures less advanced e-commerce businesses.According to assumption 3, let the initial state only when the demand for mail services, the rate of change subject to Brownian motion, where. According to our assumption is that a smaller constant.c for e-commerce businesses, the use of the mail delivery unit of the full costs to consumers, and that c = 0;p units of goods that the average earnings, X, said he expected sales. The use of the profit recorded for the mail;Distribution points for the establishment of the initial fixed costs, such as leasing of land, recruitment of personnelAccording to one hypothesis, if the business provides an area to send books on-site service will stimulate the local e-commerce needs, and establish distribution points on the profits recorded as follows:In the above set conditions, enterprises will choose to enter the time T, that is the choice of timing to provide home delivery services in the region, bringing its total discounted profit maximization:The solution of this problem must be the existence of one, when up to, that is the area of e-commerce business environment, good to a certain extent, is expected to have a good market, companies will decide in the region to establish their own distribution stations, home delivery for the areas of services, better market share.This formula (1) to come and go asWhereF.O.C (2)Right (2) the nature of style analysis, we can get the following conclusions:increases would be increased. This shows that if an e-commerce businesses can not be at a lower cost in the region to provide home delivery service, then it will delay the expansion into the region of time.Suppose a consumer is a homogeneous, consumer utility and the price of book is inversely proportional to access time is inversely proportional with the book.Hypothesis 2, in the -1,1 of the interval, assuming uniform distribution in which consumers, the traditional bookstore is located in the center of the range, at the point -1, a consumer to the textbooks required for the traditional bookstore time is T. Total demand on the whole interval is DHypothesis three, assuming that e-businesses provide distribution costs and delivery time is inversely proportional to it, and assumed that the e-commerce businesses with a fixed ratio will Pei song to consumers. To calculate a simple, set, of which c for e-commerce enterprises in the distribution costs on this one, t, said e-commerce businesses the time promised to send books, k as a parameter, reflecting the level of distribution costs.In order to make the model more intuitive solution, assuming that e-commerce business goal is not to do with the traditional stores under the premise of price competition, by choosing delivery time to maximize their own profits: relatively large fluctuations in demand, e-commerce enterprises to find a better status quote be willing to enter the market.3. When the increases would be reduced. This means that if a regions development trends in the status quote emerged very good or the e-commerce businesses in the area have a good demand is expected, then these will attract the earlier and faster e-commerce businesses to enter the area.The following model analysis with Joy nationwide distribution within the business development decisions. Is known as Chinas largest audio book mall in Joyo was released in May 2000, the main audio and video, books, software, games, gifts and other fashion cultural products. Since the birth of Joy, with patented selected species, the audience inventory, fast delivery of the excellent model for the countrys most rapidly growing and radiation influential e-commerce website, h