英语应用能力考试语法讲座.ppt

英语应用能力考试语法讲座 谓语动词用单数的情况 1. and 连接的两个或三个单数的主语前 如果有every, each, no 修饰时。 Eg. Every man, woman, and girl needs love. Each girl and boy was given a book. No boy and no girl likes it. 2. 由either, neither, each, one, another, anybody, anyone, anything, nothing, nobody, no one, something, everything, everyone 等作主语时。 Eg. Everything goes on well. He has two sons. One is a teacher, the other is an engineer. 3. many a 和more than one 等作单数 主语的定语时。 Eg. Many a student wants to go there. More than one person was killed in the accident. 4. 表示时间、数目、价格、距离等的复 数名词作主语，作为整体看待时。 Eg. Four hours is enough to do the experiment. Twenty years is a long time. Ten dollars is too much to pay for that shirt. Thirty feet is long enough. 5. 有些名词以-s结尾，如：maths, physics, politics , news,等学科名词， 抽象名词，专有名词（如：the United States, the United Nation）等 作主语时。 Eg. The United States was founded in 1776. Physics is very interesting. We all like it. 6. 单个的动名词、不定式、主语从句作 主语时。 Eg. Driving a car is not so easy. To get up early is hard for me. 若and 连接两个动名词、不定式短语或 主语从句表示两个不同概念时，谓语用 复数。 Eg. Riding on the elephants and rowing the boats were the childrens favorite games. 7. 如果and 连接的两个词是指同一个人、 同一个事物或同一概念，则两个名词共用 一个冠词， 谓语动词必须用单数。 Eg. The teacher and writer is her friend. The singer and dancer is to attend the party. 8. and连接的两个名词表示组合在一起 的一个整体或成套的东西， 若需要冠词， 则只能在第一个名词前加a/ an /the， 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 常作为一个整体概念看待的组合有： bread and butter 黄油面包 bread and cheese 涂奶酪的面包 a knife and fork 一副刀叉 a watch and chain 一只系有表带的手表 a cart and horse 一辆马车 a cup and saucer 带茶托的茶杯 needle and thread 针线 law and order 法律和秩序 9.当one of, a portion of, a series of, a species of, a chain of 结构作主语时， 谓语动词要用单数形式。 1) One of those students have not passed the examination. have has 2) A series of pre-recorded tapes has been prepared for language laboratory use. 谓语动词用复数的情况 1. 表示成双成套的名词，如：trousers, shoes, glasses, compasses, socks, gloves, clothes等作主语时。 Eg. His black trousers are much too long. Your glasses are right on your nose. Clothes keep people warm. Eg. Three pairs of socks have been bought within a week. This pair of compasses was bought in Beijing. A pair of teenage boys were smoking cigarettes. 2. 有些名词本身表示复数意义，其谓语 动词要用复数。如：people, cattle, police, goods. Eg. People are talking about it everywhere. Cattle feed on grass. All the goods have arrived. 3. the majority of+复数名词以及 large quantities of + 不可数名词/可 可数名词的复数 作主语时。 Eg. The majority of boys like football. Large quantities of food were wasted. 4. 主语由and 或 bothand 连接，谓语 用复数。 Eg. Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop. My friend and my lawyer have caught a bad cold. The writer and the educator have visited our school. 就近原则 由连词or, neithernor, eitheror, not only but also等连接的并列 主语，谓语动词的单复数形式按就近 一致的原则，与贴近它的主语一致。 例如： 1) Either he or you like playing football. 2) Either you or he likes playing football. 在there be 的结构中，谓语动词的单复 数形式一般也采取就近一致原则。例如： 1)There is a speaker and many students in Room A209. 2) There are many students and a speaker in Room A209. 其他情况 1. 如果主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, as well as, in addition to, rather than, like, but, except, including, besides等词引导 的短语时，谓语动词根据主语的单复 数而定。 Eg. 1.The teacher as well as the students was excited. 2.The beautiful girl as well as the other American young men, prefers renting apartment to living at home. 3. The room with its furniture was rented. 2. 由“some of, plenty of, a lot of, most of, the rest of, all of, half of, part of或分数、百分数+of+名词” 等短语作主语时， 谓语动词的数常与of 后的名词保持一致。 Eg. Lots of the money has been wasted. Part of the apple is rotten. The rest of the apples belong to you. 3. 在“one of + 复数名词定语从句”的 结构中，定语从句一般被看作是修饰该 复数名词的，动词要用复数形式。 在“the one of + 复数名词定语从句” 的结构中，定语从句修饰的是“the only one”，因而动词要用单数形式。 1)She is one of the engineers who are good at English. 2) She is the only one of the engineers who are good at English. 2) are is the engineers the only one of the engineers 4. the + 形容词作主语时，如主语指的 是一类人，谓语动词用复数形式；如果 指的是单个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用 单数形式。例如： 1) The blind are taught trades in special schools. 2) The departed was a good friend of his. (死者是他的一个朋友。) 5.有些集合名词如crowd, family, team, orchestra（管弦乐队）, group, government, committee, class, crew, school, union, firm, staff, public等， 它们作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据语言 内容而定。如果它们作为一个集体单位时 , 动词用单数形式，如就其中的各个成员来 说，则谓语用复数形式。例如： 1）His family is going to move. 2）His family are healthy. 练习 1. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A.Two fifthis B. Two fifthare C. Two fifthsis D. Two fifthsare 2. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. A.is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered 3. A professor and writer _ present at the meeting last Friday. have been B. was C. were D. is 4.My family, together with some of his old friends, _ there already. A.will be B. had been C. have been D. has been 5. No one except two girls _(be) late for dinner last night. 6.Two hours _ the limit of this test. are B. has been C. have been D. is was 7. Either dye or oil paints _ (use) to color cloth. 8. He is one of the boys who always _ well at school. A.does B. di