茶叶发展项目可研报告.doc

would never give milk again. half a million pigs and millions of chickens were dead. sand now filled the wells instead of water. people were shocked. then later that afternoon,another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook tangshan. some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. more buildings fell down. water,food, and eletricity were hard to get. people began to wongder how long the disater would last. all hope was not lost. soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soliders to tangshan to help the rescue workers. hundreds of thousands of people were helped. the army organized teams to dig out those were trapped and to bury the dead. to the north of the city, most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there. workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. fresh water was taken to the city by train,truck and plane. slowly, the city began to breathe again. a safe home it is sad but that people die in earthquakes from falling furniture and bricks. earthquake safety is very important and there is more to it than just keeping buildings from falling down. so if your home is in an earthquake area,you should prepare carefully before the earthquake comes. first, make sure you buy a house which is earthquake safe. all pipes should be fixed to the wall and all walls should be especially thick and strong. you also have to make sure that there are bolts underneath your house. they are one of the most important ways of protecting a house. make sure the building has no breaken windows and is well repaired. second ,look at the objects in your house. those in the living room,which are the most likely to hurt us, are computers, televisions and lamps. they can be tied to tables or them so they wont easily move around. the kitchen, which is also very dangerous, must have strong doors on all the cupboards. this is the place where many small things are stored that might fall down. the water heater should have a case round it too. windows are special problem. when they break, glass can cause many accidents,. it is better to use safety glass if you can, especially for pictures. always remember:” it is better to be safe than sorry.” the story of an eyewitnessby jack london never before in history has a city been so completely destroyed. san francisco is gone. nothing is left of it but memories and some houses far from the centre of the city. its buniness are gone. the factories,hotelsand palace are all gone too. within an hour after the earthquake, the smoke of sanfrancios fires could been seen 160 kilometres away. the sun is red in the dark sky. there was no stopping the fires. there was no way to organize or communicate. the steel railway tracks were now useless. and the great pipes for carrying water under the streets had burst. all of the ways man had made to keep the city safe were gone in the thirty second the earth moved. out at sea it was calm. no wind came up. yet from every direction-east,weast,north,andsouth,strong winds blew upon the unlucky city. man himself had to make ruins of the citys best buildings so that they would not be a danger to those in the streets. a list of buildings undesteryed was now only a few addresses. a list of the brave men and the women would fill a library. a list of all those killed will never be made. amazing as it may seem, wednesday night was a quiet night. there were no crowds. the policemen saidnothing; even their horses were quit. there were no shouts or people doing crazy things. in all those terrible hours i saw not one woman who cried, not one man who was excited. before the fires, through the night, thousands and thousands of people who had lost their homes left for safety. some were covered in blankets. sometimes whole families put everything they owned and could save into wagons. they helped one another climb the high hills around the city. never in all sanfrsncios histroy were her people so kind as on that terrible night.unit 5elias storymy name is elias. i am a poor worker in southafrica. the time when i first met nelson mandela was a very difficult period of my life. i was twelve years old. it was in 1952 and mandela was the black lawyer to whom i went for advice. he offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems. he was generous with his time, for which i was grateful.i needed his help because i had very little education. i began school at six. the school where i studied for only two years was three kilometers away. i had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare. i could not read or write well. after trying hard, i got a job in a gold mine. however, this was a time when one had to got to have a passbook to live in johannesburg. sadly i did not have it because i was not born there, and i worried about whether i would become out of work.the day when nelson mandela helped me was one of my happiest. he told me how to get the correct papers so i could stay in johannesburg. i became more hopeful about my future. i never forgot how kind mandela was. when he organized the anc youth league, i joined it as soon as i could. he said:“ the last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress,until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.”it was the truth. black people could not vote or choose their leaders. they could not get the jobs they wanted. the parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people. the places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of south africa. no one could grow food there,. in fact as nelson mandela said:“ we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government. we chose to attack the laws. we first broke the law in a way which was peaceful; when this was not allowed only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.”as a matter of fact, i do not like violence but in 1963 i helped him blow up some government buildings. it was very dangerous because if i was caught i could be put in prison. but i was very happy to help because i knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.the rest of elias storyyou cannot imagine how the name of robben island made us afraid. it was a prison from which no one escaped. there i spent the hardest time of my life. but when i got there nelson mandela was also there and he helped me. mr mandela began a school for those of us who had little learning. we read books under our blankets and used anything we could find to make candles to see the words. i became a good student. i wanted to study for degree but i was not allowed to do that. later, mr mandela allowed the prison guards to join us. he said they should not be stopped from studying for their degrees. they were not cleverer than me, but they did pass their exams. so i knew i could get a degree too. that made me feel good about myself.when i finished the four years in prison, i went to find a job. since i was better educated, i got a job working in an office. however, the police found out and told my boss that i had been in prison for blowing up government buildings. so i lost my job. i did not work again for twenty years until mr mandela and the anc came to power in 1994. all that time my wife and children had to beg for food and help from relatives or friends. luckily mr mandela remembered me and gave me a job taking tourists around my old prison on robben island. i felt bad the first time i talked to a group. all the terror and fear of that time came back to me. i remembered the beatings and the cruelty of the guards and my friends who had died. i felt i would not be able to do it, but my family encouraged me. they said that the job and the pay from the new south africa government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the blacks. so now at 51 i am proud to show visitors over the prison, for i helped to make our people free in their own land.a follower of bill gatesi have been a friend of bill gates for a long time. i knew him when he was a student at harvard university. we were surprised when he left university to set up his own company” microsoft” and make his own software. but he was the clever one! he is very good at writing computer languages and almost all computers now use microsoft software. the program “word” is used from britain to china! of course he has made a lot of money and that makes people very jealous. they want to stop his success. even the government is against him and has tried to break目 录第一章 总 论51.1项目背景51.1.1项目名称61.1.2项目主管单位61.1.3项目承办单位概况61.1.4可行性研究报告编制的依据81.1.5项目建设的目的及意义91.2项目概况91.2.1项目实施地点91.2.2建设规模及目标101.2.3项目运作模式101.2.4项目投入总资金及效益情况101.2.5主要经济技术指标111.2.6建议14第二章 市场预测142.1茶叶市场供需现状142.2产品市场竞争力分析152.3产品市场的定位152.4营销策略162.4.1建立营销体系162.4.2实施品牌战略16第三章 建设规模与产品方案173.1项目建设的指导思想173.2建设规模及内容173.2.1原料基地技术改造173.2.2扩建厂房173.2.3设备购置173.3产品方案173.3.1产品类型173.3.2产品目标18第四章 项目区条件分析184.1自然条件184.2政策条件184.3基础设施条件194.4环境条件194.5项目区基本情况194.6资源条件204.6环境保护条件204.7组织机构及人力资源配置20第五章 项目建设方案215.1原料基地改造方案215.1.1土壤改良215.1.2茶叶施肥215.1.3病虫草害防治225.2茶叶加工厂房扩建方案235.2.1设计原则235.2.2设计中采用的主要技术标准235.2.3扩建厂房设计方案235.4主要设备方案255.2.1设备生产能力确定25第六章 主要原材及料燃料供应276.1原辅材料供应276.1.1鲜叶276.1.2产品包装276.2燃料供应27第七章 投资估算及资金筹措287.1投资估算287.1.1投资估算依据说明287.1.2建设投资估算297.2资金筹措33第八章 财务分析与评价348.1财务评价依据和基础数据选取348.1.1评价依据348.1.2基础数据348.2销售收入和销售税金358.2.1销售收入358.2.2税金358.3总成本及经营成本估算358.3.1成本估算主要依据及说明35 8.3.2单位产品生产成本估算368.4盈利能力分析368.4.1利润估算36 8.4.2财务内部收益率、投资利润率及投资回收期36 8.5清偿能力分析368.6不确定性分析378.6.1盈亏平衡分析378.6.2敏感性分析378.7财务评价结论378.8社会扶贫效益分析37第九章 项目风险分析389.1项目主要风险因素识别389.2风险程分析389.2.1市场风险分析399.2.2采摘技术风险分析399.2.3融资风险分析399.3防范和降低风险措施39第十章 项目实施计划与进度安排4010.1项目实施期限4010.2实施步骤40第十一章 保障措施41111建立项目组织机构4111.1.1项目协调领导小组4111.1.2项目执行小组4111.2强化扶持措施4211.3加强项目资金管理42第十二章 研究结论与建议4312.1推荐主案总体描述4312.2结论与建议4312.2.1结论4312.2.2建议44第一章 总 论11项目背景绿春县是一个典型的山区农业县，县境内雨量充沛，气候温和，年均降雨量2038mm，年均气温16，土壤肥沃，适种茶叶区域广阔，人工种茶已有400多年的历史；“竹筒香茶”曾远销到越南、老挝、缅甸等东南亚国家。五十年代末期，绿春县积极贯彻茶叶生产发展方针，在玛玉村种植茶叶开始创办茶场。七十年代，全县以集体联办的形式大规模种植茶叶，兴办乡村茶场，种植规模不断扩大。农村实行家庭联产承包责任制以后，县委、政府十分重视茶叶产业的开发，把茶叶产业开发作为发展农村经济、农民增收致富的一大产业来抓，大大地激发了群众种茶的积极性；同时，积极兴办茶叶加工企业，提高加工能力和粗制水平，产品开发不断推陈出新，1980年玛玉茶被评为“云南名茶”，之后连续三届获得“云南名茶”称号，深受广大客商及消费者的青睐，在市场上享有盛名，产品曾远销俄罗斯、法国、巴基斯坦等国家；“玛玉银针”曾被首届中国出口商品交易会列为指定产品。特别是八十年代末至九十年代初，紧紧抓住国家实施扶贫开发的机遇，按照“统一规划、合理布局、集中连片、建成基地、规模经营、集中加工”的发展思路，大力扶持企业、集体、个体大规模种植茶叶，有力地促进了全县茶叶生产的发展，茶叶生产再次进入迅速发展时期。尤其是进入二十一世纪以来，抓住国家实施退耕还林的历史性机遇，大力发展茶叶生产，把茶叶产业的发展作为全县的主导产业来抓，形成了相当的规模。目前，全县茶园面积达16万亩。2009年毛茶产量达5000多吨，产值近6000万元。绿春县茶叶辐射面广，种植农户多，受益全县八乡一镇的千家万户，受益农户达15000户80000多人口。茶叶已成为绿春县农村经济的骨干优势产业，在全县国民经济和社会发展中发挥了极其重要的地位和作用。然而，由于加工力量薄弱，能在产加销各个环节都占主导地位的龙头企业较少，带动和辐射能力不强，影响了产业链的延伸；尤其是加工技术及设备落后，普遍存在产品质量低劣，价格低廉的状况，导致茶叶产品附加值低、销售不畅、效益低，直接影响了绿春茶叶在市场上的占有率和茶产业的生存与发展，严重地影响了茶叶产业的整体经济效益。为引领全县茶叶产业向优质、高效化方向发展，提升绿春茶叶产业，特提出绿春县某某茶场茶叶加工设备更新改造项目。1.1.1项目名称绿春县某某茶场茶叶加工设备更新改造项目。1.1.2项目主管单位绿春县经济贸易局1.1.3项目承办单位概况（一）单位概况项目承办单位为绿春县某某茶场。绿春县某某茶场是浙江茶商到绿春承包荒山开发茶叶产业的个体私营企业，注册成立于2005年4月。针对绿春县茶叶品种结构单一，以大叶群体品种为主的实际，为加快茶叶系列产品的开发，适应丰富多样的市场消费需求，该茶场从浙江引进国家级茶树良种“鸠亢”品种种植1500亩、从思茅引进国家级茶树良种“云抗10号”品种种植500亩、种植本地群体良种“玛玉茶” 400亩，实现了2400亩多品种茶叶原料基地。目前，企业有员工46人，其中，取得全国茶叶化验资格证的1名，取得全国茶叶品尝资格证的1名，从浙江聘请的茶叶加工技术人才2名，同时，绿春县茶叶技术推广站长期为企业提供技术支持。茶场自创建以来，不断加强义务技术培训，采取有力措施，改进生产技术和加工工艺，在产品质量和品牌上下功夫，注册了“某某”牌茶叶商标，产品已试制生产并投放市场，其试制生产的“某某”牌系列产品“龙剑、龙井”茶深受广大消费者的青睐，产品供不应求。茶场拥有固定资产887万元，具有一定的经济实力和较强的经营管理能力，是集种植、生产、加工、销售一条龙的综合性企业，是红河州农业产业化经营龙头企业。茶场实行场长负责制，分层管理，分工负责。茶场内部实行科学化管理，爱护、尊重、合理使用人才，充分调动科技管理人员的积极性。茶场对外协作密切，与当地政府及相关部门、邻近基地的农民关系比较融洽，并得到当地政府及有关部门的大力支持和帮助。该企业具备承担本项目的组织实施、技术支撑和技术服务的能力。（二）项目负责人简介 项目实施负责人（法人代表）吴素华、女、47岁、汉族、高中文化，现任绿春县某某茶场场长；从事茶叶生产管理及经销二十多年，具有较强的茶叶生产技术及经销经验，是红河州茶叶协会会员、绿春县茶叶协会理事。 1.1.4可行性研究报告编制的依据（一）中共云南省委、云南省人民政府关于加快非公有制经济发展的若干意见（云发20035号）；（二）云南省人民政府关于加快茶叶产业发展的意见（云政发200938号）；（三）云南省人民政府关于实施加快推进优势生物产业发展计划的通知（云政发200562号）；（四）云南省人民政府关于开展现代农业示范区建设促进优势特色产业发展的意见（云政发2009214号）；（五）红河州人民政府关于加快山区生物产业发展的意见；（六）云南省农业发展“十一五”规划；（七）云南省茶叶产业发展“十一五”规划；（八）红河州优势农业产业发展“十一五”规划；（九）绿春县国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划；（十）绿春县茶叶产业发展十年规划（2004年制定）；（十一）绿春县人民政府关于印发绿春县加快茶叶产业发展的实施意见的通知（绿政发200734号）。1.1.5项目建设的目的及意义绿春县目前有茶园面积达16万亩，毛茶产量达5000吨，总产值达6000多万元。从数据来看，绿春茶园面积多，产量大，但茶叶产业的现状不尽人意，整个茶产业仍处于产值低、效益低的状况，大而不强。其主要原因至今还没有一家成规模、上档次的加工厂和先进的加工设备，无法满足群众所产的茶叶鲜叶的加工需求，严重挫伤了茶农茶叶生产的积极性。特别是能引领全县茶叶产业的龙头企业少而弱，茶叶企业加工设备及技术落后。项目的建设对于对增强广大茶农的茶叶生产积极性，促进绿春茶叶产业的整体经济效益的提高意义重大。对提升绿春茶叶产业，带动和辐射全县茶叶生产向优质、高效化方向发展，提高绿春茶叶品质，打造具有一定影响力的绿春茶叶品牌具有十分重要的意义。对促进绿春县农村经济发展，农民增收致富、推进脱贫致富奔小康进程意义重大。因此，绿春县某某茶场茶叶加工设备更新改造项目十分必要。综上所述，绿春县某某茶场茶叶加工设备更新改造项目十分可行、也十分必要。该项目市场前景广阔，经济效益、社会效益显着，符合绿春茶叶产业的发展要求。1.2项目概况1.2.1项目实施地点：绿春县牛孔乡龙洞村后山绿春县某某茶场。1.2.2建设规模及目标：（一）茶场2400亩原料基地通过技术改造，达到无公害茶园环境质量标准，产品质量达到无公害“绿a”食品标准；（二）改造扩建年生产能力为1000吨的精制茶加工厂，扩大精制茶加工能力；（三）引进国内比较先进的茶叶加工设备对茶厂进行技术改造；（四）引进茶叶精加工技术人员提高茶叶精制水平；（五）项目建成后年生产“某某”牌茶叶系列产品1000吨,实现项目总产值4000万元以上,利润400万元以上，提高项目产品在市场上的占有率。1.2.3项目运作模式本项目采用龙头企业与技术部门合作的形式组织实施。绿春县某某茶场提供场地和人力资源。绿春县经济贸易局作为项目主管单位负责对项目的立项目申报、督促和跟踪服务，绿春县茶叶技术推广站为企业提供技术支持。为了保证项目建设的顺利实施，充分体现投资的效益，达到项目规划设计的最初预定方案和目标，采取项目分级管理和法人责任制，成立项目领导小组和实施小组，加强项目管理工作。1.2.4项目投入总资金及效益情况项目建设需投入总投资1081万元。其中：茶园技术改造投资144万元、改扩建厂房投资448万元，设备更新改造投资302万元，其它投资87万元，铺底流动资金100万元。（一）效益情况据调查，目前绿春茶园平均单产仅为50千克，亩产值为400元左右，特别是由于茶叶产品质量低劣，每公斤干毛茶仅为810元左右，是全国甚至全世界效益最低的地区之一。通过项目的建设，可提高茶叶产量、产品质量及效益，项目市场潜力和利润空间大。项目建成后年实现精制茶产量1000吨，总产值4000万元以上，利润400万元上。该项目生产的产品不仅是生态绿色食品，而且是农特优产品,不涉及税收,投资利润率可达41%。（二）社会效益通过项目的建设，对非项目区茶叶生产可起到带动和辐射作用。使全县的茶叶生产向优质、高效化方向发展，由数量型向质量型效益型转变，实现绿春茶叶产业的优化升级，打造绿春茶叶的生态绿色品牌战略。1.2.5主要经济技术指标（一）原料基地要求按照茶园建设“无公害化”的要求对原料基地进行无公害茶园改造，并达到原基地（gap）种植管理要求。 (二)原料要求必须保证提供嫩、匀、健、净的鲜叶，同时按定级标准进行及时分批采摘，提供制作各类茶叶产品的鲜叶原料。鲜叶贮运中要做到采下的鲜叶及时松散地放入蔑编萝中，运输过程中做到不日晒、挤压和其它机械损伤，防止发热变红，影响鲜叶品质。鲜叶的验收、定级、称重由专人负责，严格按定级标准验收，定级、验收后立即抖散匀薄摊于车间萎凋槽上。(三)绿茶加工加工厂房必须建设在环境卫生符合无公害茶生产要求标准，加工工作人员身体健康，加工过程中严格工作程序。工艺流程为：杀青揉捻解块筛分干燥捡剔。(四)经济指标根据项目区茶叶发展现状和项目建设规模,确定发展目标,据此分析预算,获得主要经济指标。详见下附表1-1附表1-1 主要经济指标表序号指 标单位数量备注1茶园技术改造亩24002 改扩建加工厂吨/年10003项目计算期 年 303.1其中：建设期年13.2生产期年294投资及资金筹措4.1项目总投资万元10814.1.1其中:茶园技术改造投资万元1444.1.2改扩建厂房投资万元4484.1.3设备更新改造投资万元 3024.1.4其它投资（前期工作经费、勘察设计费、设备运输费、设备安装费、业主单位管理费、技术培训费等）万元874.1.5铺底流动资金万元1004.2资金来源万元10814.2.1自有资资金万元181其中: 铺底流动资金万元404.2.2借入资金万元900其中: 流动资金贷款万元605项目定员人866年平均工资及福利万元1557成本与费用7.1年平均总成本万元35607.2年平均生产经营成本万元33557.3单位产品生产成本元/吨356008销售收入、税金、利润万元8.1年平均销售收入万元40008.2年平均利润总额万元4408.3年平均所得税万元9盈利能力9.1财务内部收益率%119.2投资回收期年2.59.3投资利润率%419.4投资利税率%10借款偿还期限年51.2.6建议本项目建设周期短，投资回报率高，资金风险低，有利于提高绿春茶叶产业的优化升级，提高茶叶产业的组织化程度和产业化经营，实现全县的茶叶生产向优质化方向发展，由数量型向质量型效益型转变。具有良好的扶贫效应，建议有关部门给予扶持资金。第二章 市 场 预 测 2.1茶叶市场供需现状茶叶是天然、绿色饮料，含有500多种有机化合物质，是养生健体、延年益寿的保健饮料,也是世界公认的三大饮料中最为普及的健康饮料。茶叶的这种特殊作用不可能用其它饮料来取代。发达国家比较重视茶叶保健作用，在继续消费传统茶叶的同时，不断追求茶叶的内在品质和保健功能，现代茶饮将大幅度增长。据专家预测，茶叶将成为21世纪的主导饮料，特别是无公害茶叶将是21世纪的主导产品。正因为茶叶这种特殊的价值，刺激了世界各国对茶叶生产的投入，延长了茶叶产业链。况且中国又是人口大国,茶文化源远流长,无疑又是一个消费巨大的市场。因此，项目产品消费市场前景十分广阔。2.2