论我国外贸企业的知识产权建设外文翻译.doc

according to statistics, the world intellectual property many new major changes, mainly reflected in: being further expanded the scope of protection of intellectual property rights; degree of protection of intellectual property rights has been strengthened; protection of new development; term of protection is also extended . intellectual property development and changes the driving force from the developed countries, their intent through the implementation of intellectual property strategy to their own scientific and technological advantages rise to intellectual property advantage, further enhance its competitiveness. not only that, the advantage of the developed countries in the intellectual property baking in the economic and trade aspects reflected multinational competition has become a core strength and a source of profit growth. 2002 ibms product revenue of $ 8.1 billion, including through intellectual property licensing, transfer or license profit of $ 1.7 billion, accounting for 17% since chinas accession to the world trade organization, around the patents, copyrights, trademarks and other intellectual property issues and the standard international disputes come and go, and trade friction intensified, chinas foreign trade being more and more restricted. in 2002 alone, 71% of chinas out u enterprises and the 39% out of u products encountered varying degrees of foreign technical trade barriers related to intellectual property restrictions and impact, resulting in a loss of about $ 15 billion. therefore, to promote the healthy development of foreign trade, china should improve the system of intellectual property protection, the implementation of intellectual property strategy.chinas foreign trade enterprises to build intellectual propertyintellectual property and the trips intellectual property proprietary rights that the law gives the owner of the intellectual property rights enjoyed by its creative intellectual achievements. intellectual property is a property rights, intellectual property owners can gain by licensing its intellectual property rights owned or transfer. at present, intellectual property has become an important part of international trade. transfer of the patent, the patent and trademark license the right to use, copyright licensing, occupy a certain proportion of the trade between the countries; increasing proportion of products containing intellectual property rights in international trade, such as the new pharmaceuticals and other high-tech products, movies, music, books, computer software, well-known brand, new plant varieties and so on. in recent years, the u.s. trade deficit increased year by year, to reach $ 267.6 billion in 1999, a surplus every year in the field of intellectual property, a surplus of $ 25 billion. in the same year, the american intellectual property u amounted to $ 37 billion, more than the aircraft and communications equipment out of u., and this trend becomes more pronounced with the development of high-tech industries. the development of intellectual property trade to enable countries to recognize a countrys economic revitalization and development, not only depends on how much of the wood of the countrys natural resources and financial, and the country depends to a greater extent on knowledge of the results the application and the degree of protection. countries use the intellectual property system to protect their technological advantage, brand advantage and try to impact resistance the positive foreign strong technical advantage.intellectual property strategy developed countries and chinas foreign trade with the rapid development of the knowledge-based economy, western countries with economies have developed intellectual property development strategy, intellectual property as a means of international trade competition and an important tool for the implementation of trade protection. in contrast, chinas foreign trade, while progress has been made, the issue of intellectual property rights has become increasingly prominent, and become one of the focus of attention abroad. currently, industries in developed countries has been transformed into a high value-added service industry-based, high-tech manufacturing, supplemented by the new industry structure model, its dependence on intellectual property rights more significantly enhanced. for our part, with the increasing of high-tech products out of the day, the status of intellectual property rights in chinas foreign trade is becoming increasingly prominent. but on the other hand, chinas foreign trade in intellectual property disputes occur frequently, and the upward trend. should recognize that, china is becoming the worlds major countries focused on preventing the implementation of trade protectionism object. trends, demands of foreign intellectual property rights in china is more and more the group, integration tends to officials and the public, even for the government to, through political, economic, diplomatic and other means to put pressure on china. from the long-term trends, this trend will only strengthen not weaken. developed countries to use the intellectual property rights to launch an attack on china, is often out of date products in emerging high-tech, with a significant competitive force, and launched an attack time often, it is the high-speed growth, if there are problems, will make the whole industry into a very passive situation (such as dvd). the other hand, part of chinas independent intellectual property rights have been beginning to achieve competitiveness in international trade, some well-known brands, such as tea, often has been registered in a foreign country or counterfeit, and how to protect our legitimate intellectual property rights in foreign trade noteworthy. in short, as the sustainable development of chinas foreign trade, the importance to ipr protection has become a necessity, it is imperative to strengthen efforts to protect its own intellectual property in china. chinas foreign trade has also grown to respect and protect intellectual property stage, it should be the implementation of the national intellectual property strategy. domain that worry is unnecessary. in todays increasingly competitive market, the challenges of many similar goods or services, the primary task of every business is how to make more of their goods or services to attract the attention of consumers, as well as people simply referred to as the new economy attention economy or eyeball economy. and the trademark goods attached trademarks root wood is also aimed to better publicize their goods and sell out. at this point, the owner of the trademark and patent rights, copyrights through technological monopoly, copyright monopoly to get more benefits. trademark, not only does not restrict others to use and re-sale of their goods in order to get more profits, but will adopt various means to expand sales channels, market share, beat the competition. so even if the trademark infinite dried trademark rights of people based on their own interests to consider not using proprietary trademark hinder the flow of goods.trademark infinite exhaust does not affect the public interest exhaustion of rights principle wooden speaking to make some restrictions on the proprietary nature of intellectual property rights, to give some protection to the public interest, anti-intellectual property without limit the exercise of its exclusive right, which will affect society as a whole technological progress, cultural transmission as well as economic, social development, but this is mainly made for patent and copyright restrictions. the trademark only is production and operation in order to make their own production and operation of the goods or services provided to facilitate consumers to identify a marker, and its main function is to distinguish goods in the process of circulation of commodities, service providers, and promote consumer information. trademark object invisible, trademark and patent rights, copyrights, but on the social and public interests in terms of influence is very different. trademark rights to the proprietary nature generally does not affect the improvements in technology, the spread of culture, economic development and even public education and other issues.in summary, trademark infinite dried decided to trademark their own characteristics, is conducive to the protection of trademark rights and does not affect the normal flow of goods and public interests, is the objective requirements of the intellectual property system in this interest adjustment mechanism. 据资料显示，目前世界知识产权出现了许多新的重大变化，主要体现在：知识产权的保护范围正在进一步扩大；知识产权的保护程度得到了加强；保护方式出现新的发展；保护期限也在延长。而目前知识产权发展变化的推动力量来自发达国家，他们意图通过实施知识产权策略把自己的科技优势上升为知识产权优势，进一步提高竞争力。不仅如此，发达国家在知识产权发面的优势开始在经济贸易方面体现出来，已成为跨国公司竞争的核心力量和利润增长源泉。2002年ibm公司产品收入为81亿美元，其中通过知识产权授权、转让或许可而形成的利润17亿美元，占17%.自中国加入世贸组织以来，围绕专利、版权、商标等知识产权问题和标准的国际纠纷此起彼伏，贸易摩擦愈演愈烈，我国对外贸易受到越来越多的限制。仅2002年，我国71%的出u企业和39%的出u产品不同程度的遭遇到国外与知识产权相关的技术性贸易壁垒限制和影响，造成损失约150亿美元。因此，促进对外贸易健康发展，中国要完善知识产权保护体系，实施知识产权战略。我国外贸企业的知识产权建设 1.知识产权与知识产权贸易知识产权是指法律赋予知识产权所有人对其创造性的智力成果所享有的专有权利。知识产权是一种财产权，知识产权所有人可以通过对其所拥有的知识产权的许可或转让而获得收益。目前，知识产权已成为国际贸易的重要组成部分。专利转让，专利和商标的许可使用权、版权的许可等，已在各国之间的贸易中占有一定的比例；含有知识产权的产品在国际贸易中所占的比重越来越大，例如新的药品和其他高科技产品，电影、音乐、书籍、计算机软件，知名品牌商品，植物新品种等等。近年来美国的外贸逆差逐年上升，1999年达到2676亿美元，但在知识产权领域却年年出现顺差，盈余250亿美元。同年美国知识产权出u额达到370亿美元，超过了飞机和通讯设备的出u.随着高新技术产业的发展，这个趋势变得更加明显。知识产权贸易的发展，使各个国家都认识到一个国家经济的振兴和发展，不单单取决于该国所拥有的自然资源和金融资木的多少，而更大程度上取决于该国对知识成果的应用和保护程度。各国都利用知识产权制度，保护自己的技术优势、品牌优势并力图阻正外来更强大的技术优势的冲击。 2.发达国家的知识产权战略与中国的对外贸易随着知识经济的迅猛发展，西方经济国家纷纷制定知识产权发展战略，把知识产权作为国际贸易竞争的手段和实施贸易保护的重要工具。相对而言，我国对外贸易在取得长足发展的同时，知识产权问题却越来越突出，并成为国外关注的焦点之一。当前，发达国家的产业已转型为以高附加值的服务业为主，高科技制造业为辅的新的产业结构模式，其对知识产权的依赖性更加明显增强。就我国而言，随着高新技术产品进出日的不断增加，知识产权在我国对外贸易中的地位日益突出。但另一方面，我国对外贸易中一些知识产权纠纷案件也频繁发生，并呈上升趋势。应该认识到，我国正在成为世界各主要国家实施贸易保护主义的重点防范对象。目前，国外向我国进行知识产权权利诉求的动向越来越趋于集团化，趋于官民一体化，甚至由政府出面，通过政治、经济、外交等多种手段向中国施压。从长远发展趋势看，这种态势只会强化不会削弱。发达国家利用知识产权向中国发难的产品，往往是新兴高科技出日产品，具有明显的竞争力，而且发难时机的选择往往是在该产品高速成长期，一旦出现问题，将使全行业陷入十分被动的局面（如dvd）。另一方面，我国部分自主知识产权已在国际贸易中初显竞争力，一些知名品牌，如茶叶等，在国外屡屡被抢注或仿冒，如何在对外贸易中保护我国合法知识产权值得关注。总之，随着我国对外贸易的持续发展，重视知识产权保护已经成为必然，加强对中国自有知识产权的保护力度已势在必行。我国对外贸易也已经发展到尊重并保护知识产权阶段，应该实施国家知识产权战略。域这一点担心却是多余的。在市场竞争日益加剧的今天，面对众多的同类商品或服务的挑战，每个商家首要的任务就是如何使自己的商品或服务吸引更多消费者的注意力，以至有人干脆将新经济称为“注意力经济”或“眼球经济”。而商标权人在其商品上附着商标的根木目的也是为了将其商品更好地宣传和销售出去。在这一点上，商标权人与专利权人、版权人希望通过技术垄断、版权独占来获取更多的利益是不同的。商标权人为了获得更多的利润不仅不会限制他人使用和再次销售其商品，反而会采取各种手段拓宽销售渠道、抢占市场份额、击败竞争对手。所以即使商标权无穷竭，商标权人基于自己的利益考虑也不会利用商标权的专有性阻碍商品的流通。 3.商标权无穷竭不会影响社会公共利益“权利穷竭”原则从木质上讲是对知识产权专有性做出一定限制，对社会公共利益给予一定的保护，防正由于知识产权人不加限制地行使其专有权，而影响整个社会的技术进步、文化传播乃至经济、社会的发展，但这主要是针对专利权和版权做出的限制。商标仅仅是生产经营者为了使自己生产经营的商品或提供的服务便于消费者识别所采用的一种标记，其主要功能在于商品流通过程中区别商品、服务的提供者，促进消费者信息。就商标权客体的无形而言，商标权与专利权、版权相同，但就对社会公共利益的影响力而言却是相差甚远。商标权的专有性一般不会影响到技术的改进、文化的传播、经济的发展乃至公众教育等问题。 综上所述，商标权无穷竭是商标权自身特性决定的，有利于商标权的保护且不会影响商品的正常流通和社会公共利益，是知识产权制度这一利益调节机制的客观要求。我的大学爱情观目录：1、 大学概念2、 分析爱情健康观3、 爱情观要三思4、 大学需要对爱情要认识和理解5、 总结1、什么是大学爱情：大学是一个相对宽松，时间自由，自己支配的环境，也正因为这样，培植爱情之花最肥沃的土地。大学生恋爱一直是大学校园的热门话题，恋爱和学业也就自然成为了大学生在校期间面对的两个主要问题。恋爱关系处理得好、正确，健康，可以成为学习和事业的催化剂，使人学习努力、成绩上升；恋爱关系处理的不当，不健康，可能分散精力、浪费时间、情绪波动、成绩下降。因此，大学生的恋爱观必须树立在健康之上，并且树立正确的恋爱观是十分有必要的。因此我从下面几方面谈谈自己的对大学爱情观。2、什么是健康的爱情：1) 尊重对方，不显示对爱情的占有欲，不把爱情放第一位，不痴情过分；2) 理解对方，互相关心，互相支持，互相鼓励，并以对方的幸福为自己的满足; 3) 是彼此独立的前提下结合；3、什么是不健康的爱情：1)盲目的约会，忽视了学业;2)过于痴情，一味地要求对方表露爱的情怀，这种爱情常有病态的夸张;3)缺乏体贴怜爱之心，只表现自己强烈的占有欲;4)偏重于外表的追求;4、大学生处理两人的在爱情观需要三思：1. 不影响学习：大学恋爱可以说是一种必要的经历，学习是大学的基本和主要任务，这两者之间有错综复杂的关系，有的学生因为爱情，过分的忽视了学习，把感情放在第一位；学习的时候就认真的去学，不要去想爱情中的事，谈恋爱的时候用心去谈，也可以交流下学习，互相鼓励，共同进步。2. 有足够的精力：大学生活，说忙也会很忙，但说轻松也是相对会轻松的！大学生恋爱必须合理安排自身的精力，忙于学习的同时不能因为感情的事情分心，不能在学习期间，放弃学习而去谈感情，把握合理的精力，分配好学习和感情。3、 有合理的时间；大学时间可以分为学