新概念第二册Lesson.doc

Lesson 27 A wet night field n. 田地, 田野 in the field 在田野里 in ones field 在领域 He is an expert in his field. football field 足球场地 airfield 飞机场(介词用on) smell (smelled，smelt) v. 闻起来 vt. 嗅，闻 Im smelling the fish to see if its all right. 我正在闻这条鱼，看看它是否还新鲜。 I can smell something burning. vi. 闻起来有气味，散发气味 You smell of soap. 你身上有肥皂味。 smell 系动词, 接表语, 接形容词 The food smelt good. (不能说成 “smell well” , “well” 是副词, 身体好才用 “well” ) taste v. 尝起来 The food smelt good,and it tasted better. sound v. 听起来 feel v. 感到 心理感到 I feel ill. 用手的感受 The blackbroad felt cold. 感官动词：look，taste，sound，smell，feel You look fine. You look better. You look beautiful. n. 气味 I cant stand the smell in this room. wonderful adj. 极好的 Great ! (与物相连，口语中用得更多) Excellent ! adj.卓越的, 极好的(与人相连) She is an excellent teacher. Outstanding ! (人) 好得站了出来 Brilliant! adj.灿烂的, 闪耀的, 有才气的 Fantastic! campfire n. 营火, 篝火 fire 可数也不可数 (一堆堆的火为可数, 炉子里的火为不可数) creep (crept，crept) v. 爬行 (蹑手蹑脚的) 也是平行的爬 creep out 蹑手蹑脚(别人不注意, 偷偷摸摸的) climb v. 爬 climb the tree， climb up or down (上下爬) crawl v. 平行地爬 The baby is crawling on the floor. sleeping bag 睡袋 动词加ing 变成形容词作定语有两个意思 : 正在 如：sleeping dog passing plane 正在路过的飞机 用来做 如：leeping bag listening material 听力材料； walking stick 拐杖 soundly adv. 香甜地 sleep soundly 睡得很甜 表示睡觉的短语：go to bed 上床/go to sleep 睡觉/fall asleep坠入梦乡（fall为半联系动词）/sleep well睡得很好/sleep deeply 睡得很沉/fall fast asleep 睡得好香（fast asleep 熟睡） leap v. 跳跃, 跳起 jump v. 跳 jump up and down 原地跳跃 leap v. 跳跃, 有距离(如从沟的这边跳到另一边, 位置变化) Look before you leap. 三思而后行 leap year/month 闰年/月 skip v. 课文行的跳过去，单词，文章 Let us skip it? heavily adv. 大量地 rain/snow heavily 一般与雨雪连用 smoke heavily 烟瘾重 He smokes heavily. form v. 形成 vi. 形成，产生 During the conversation, an idea formed in his mind. Ice forms when it is cold enough. 如果冷到一定的程度，冰就会形成。 n. 形状，外形 The ice cream is made in the form of a ball. n. 表格 If you want to enter for the competition, you must fill in these forms. 如果你想报名参加比赛，你必须填写这些表格。 wind (wound；wound) v. 蜿蜒 v. 蜿蜒 wind ones way 蜿蜒而行 The road winds its way. n. 风；v. 刮风 right adv. 正好 right 做副词时强调后边的形容词、副词、介词短语，不强调动词，可用 just来替换 Right here. 就在这儿 “Right here waiting for you” 在此等候 I found my lost watch right in the graden. 我就在花园里找到了我丢失的手表 just like 正好； just as 正如 后边加代词时只能用just，如：just you 就是你了，不能用“right”代替 【课文讲解】 1、A wet night 英文中表示 “湿” 的词：wet，damp，moist (湿的程度减少) wet adj. 湿淋淋的（反义词是 dry） You are wet. damp adj. 让人感觉不太舒服 moist adj. 潮湿的； n. 潮湿，稍湿（给人感觉舒服，如湿润） moist cake 松软的蛋糕 moist eyes 水灵灵的眼睛 dreamy eyes 梦幻般的眼睛 humid adj. 指气候比较潮湿 2、Late in the afternoon, the boys put up their tent in the middle of a field. late in the afternoon 傍晚 early in the morning 清早 put up =set up 搭建（强调搭，如搭个草棚等） build 建（强调精心设计并且建造） build a car 制造汽车 (一般不用 “make a car” ) make a desk in the middle of 在当中，在中间（相对两边，既可以用于表示地理位置，又可以用于表示时间或在某个过程当中) in the middle of the river 河中心 He heard someone shouting in the middle of the night. Mary was in the middle of reading when her aunt arrived. in the center of 在中心，在中部/中央（相对四面，一般用于表示地理位置，腹地） 在陆地的腹地用 “center” Alice Spring is a small town in the centre of Australia. 3、As soon as this was done, they cooked a meal over an open fire. open fire 在野外生的火, 篝火，盆火（指无遮盖的、没有围起来的火） cook a meal 做一顿饭 4、After a wonderful meal, they told stories and sang songs by the campfire. 表示“在之后”的句式：after+从句/doing/n. after I arrived = After my arrival 在我到达之后 when the plane arrived = after the arrival of the plane After his arrival, we have a party. After the arrival of the flowers,I took them and went to my girlfriends. 在旁边： at the door 门边, (紧挨着的) sit at the table 桌边 by 在旁边，靠近 (不会紧挨着的, 但也不会很远，通常指距离非常近) Come and sit by me. There are many trees by the river. next to He sits next to me./who is the next? （表示紧邻着的） the next door to my house（next door 在隔壁） beside = next to 与相邻 next to /beside the village near 在附近 near the village 5、But some time later it began to rain. some time later 一段时间之后 some time earlier 一段时间之前 some time ago 一段时间以前 a few hours earlier 几小时前 later表示“后来、以后、过后” He told me he would come again later (on). I met her again a few days later. 6、The boys felt tired so they put out the fire and crept into their tent. put out 人为的熄灭火 I put out the fire. be out 火自动熄灭 The fire is out. 7、In the middle of the night, two boys woke up and began shouting. in the middle of the night=midnight at midnight 在午夜 the mid-autumn day 中秋节 wake up 醒来（主语自己醒） wake sb. up 唤醒 开始干某事：begin doing/start doing/begin to do/start to do 8、It was raining heavily and they found that a stream had formed in the field. 如果强调某东西自动形成, 则可以用主动态, 如果强调某东西是人为的, 用被动态，在这里 river formed 河流是自动形成 When Im getting close to the door,the door opened. (自动门) The door opened. 强调门自动开 The door was opened. 门被打开, 强调人为的 10、The stream wound its way across the field and then flowed right under their tent! wind表示“曲折而行”时，既可以是及物动词，又可以是不及物动词 wound ones way 蜿蜒而行 The car wound through the village. right在此处表示强调，意为“正好、恰恰、就”，这种用法多见于口语中： I met him right here. He hit the man right on the nose. 【Special Difficulties】 与put有关的短语动词： put up with 容忍，忍受 I cant believe that he can put up with this. put up 搭建，搭建； They put up their tent in the middle of a field. 安排住宿，为提供膳宿，夜宿 Its raining heavily. We must put them up tonight. 雨下得很大，我们今晚必须为他们安排住宿。 put out 扑灭 They put out the fire and crept into their tent. put on 穿上 Im putting on my coat. put away 把收好，放好 Your room is untidy, put your things away. I have put away all my clothes. put off 推迟，拖延 Dont put your exercises off until tomorrow. The meeting has been put off. put down = write down 记下，写下，记录下 Have you put down the bosss words? Lesson 28 No parking rare adj. 罕见的 adj. 罕见的 rare 指世界上都少有 rare animal 稀有动物；rare bird 珍稀鸟类；rare illness 疑难杂症 scarce adj. 缺乏的，不足的，稀有的，不充足的（少有的，表示某个时间段或某个地方少有） Watermelon is scarce in winter. （watermelon n. 西瓜） adj. 几乎是生的 well done 全熟 medium adj. 半生半熟的 ancient adj. 古代的, 古老的 ancient Egypt 古埃及 antique adj. 古代的，古玩，古董，古老而有价值的 antique furniture 古董家具 myth n. 神话故事 fairy n. 神仙故事 trouble n. 麻烦 n. 麻烦 Im sorry to put you in trouble. 我很抱歉给你带来麻烦(口语) ask for trouble 自找麻烦 He is asking for trouble. have trouble in doing sth. 在做时遇到麻烦（书面语） I have trouble (in) parking the car. =I have a lot of trouble parking the car. v. 麻烦 Woman/Man/Child troubles. 女人/男人/孩子真麻烦。 Never trouble troubles until troubles trouble you. 永远不要自寻烦恼 Let sleeping dog lie. 不要自找麻烦 (let sb. do sth.) effect n. 结果, 效果 have an effect 有效果 have no effect 没有效果 have effect on 对有效果 The advice has no effect on me. 【课文讲解】 1、Jasper White is one of those rare people who believe in ancient myths. one of +名词/代词 其中之一（of后面的名词必须是复数，但与这个结构连用的动词必须是单数） One of your friends is waiting for you now. 如果在定语从句中出现了one of作为先行词, 它后边的关系代词指代的是后面的复数名词；如果在 one of前面还有一修饰词 (the) only,那么后边的关系代词将指代one这个词, 才作单数看 He is the only one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths. one of 直接作主语的时候, 它是做单数看待的 One of the answers is ture. One of those people is good. believe vt. 相信，认为 Do you believe that cats eat grass? believe in 信任，信赖（人格、力量等）；信仰；相信的存在，相信的价值 I believe in God. 我信仰上帝。 Ive never believed in John. 2、He has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with cars and their owners. ever since =since 从那以后一直（ever since的语气比since强，主句一般用完成时） Ive been interested in flying ever since I was a boy. He left the village last year and has never returned ever since. have trouble doing 做有麻烦 have trouble with sb. 和某人相处有麻烦 I have trouble with my roommate. 3、Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once. because只能作连词用，后面接从句 You cant remember his name, because you arent really thinking. because of 由于，介词短语，后面不可以跟从句，只能跟名词、代词或动词 “-ing” He came back early because of the rain. be able to 的主语一般都是人, 表示有能力去做；can表示天生的或学到的能力时，只能用于现在时和过去时（could），而不可用于将来时。将来时中表示能力时必须用be able to。在现在时和过去时中，can/could与be able to一般可以互换，在完成时中一般用be able to。 Tom is only 9 months old and he is already able to stand up. Ill be able to pass my driving test after Ive had a few lessons.get sth. into 把弄进 get his car into his garage drive the car into 把车子撞上 I drove the car into the wall /tree. even once 甚至一次（even 起强调） 4、It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. “I have ever seen” 做定语从句, 修饰前边的faces 如果关系词在从句中做宾语, 关系词可以省略, 所以 I 前的which被省略 This is the most difficult thing I have ever done. This is the most terrible news I have ever heard. 有两个结构一定用最高级： of+范围 of all the students in+地点 He is the tallest in the room. 5、Jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owners to stone. hope 的后面加that从句 turn sth. to 把前者变成后者 turn the prince to a frog He was turned to a frog. They have turned the famous beauty spot to/into an ugly place. 6、But none of them has been turned to stone yet! none of，neither of做主语时做单数看待 【Special Difficulties】 关系从句及关系代词 关系从句又可称为定语从句或形容词从句，它像形容词一样可以形容人、物及事件。关系从句可分为限定性关系从句（不带逗号）和非限定性关系从句（带逗号）。表示人的关系代词：who，whom，that，whose（口语中whom经常由who代替） 表示事物和动物的关系代词：which，that 关系代词可以有四个概念 : 代人的, 做主语或宾语who，只做宾语的whom 代物的, 做主语或宾语 which 代人的也可以代物的 做主语或宾语 that whose其代表的东西由其在句子中的成分决定(不一定指人) 关系代词后面要加从句，先行词放在定语从句前面, 而且是两句话共同含有的词, 还是被定语从句修饰的词 I have a book that/which he likes.( “book” 为先行词 “that/which” 为关系代词) 关系代词有两个功能 : 一是承上, 一是启下(如上句中的 “book” 作从句的宾语) The boy who is standing at the door is my brother. I can do anything that I can do. 我愿意做我力所能及的事情来帮助你 The boat whose name is. I have a house whose windows are broken. 我有一个房子, 房子的窗户都破了. 关系代词在关系从句中作宾语时往往可以省略，作主语时则不可以。 The millionaire whose son ran away from home a week ago is not a kink father. whose 后面一定要加一个名词, 然后这个部分共同做主语或宾语 The boy whose sister is standing at the door is my brother. 妹妹站在门口的男孩是我弟弟 The pilot whose plane landed in a field was not hurt. 把飞机降落在田里的飞行员没有受伤 He is the right person I am looking for. Lesson 29 Taxi! taxi n. 出租汽车 taxi driver 出租车司机 take a taxi，take a bus，take a lift land vi. 着陆 Whose plane landed in the field? plough v. 耕地 plough n. 梨；v. 耕, 犁, 犁耕, 费力穿过, 艰苦前进, 在考试中淘汰 farm n. 农田，家场 lonely adj. 偏僻的, 人迹罕见的(地方) lonely adj. 孤独的, 孤僻的(人) She felt lonely. 她感到孤独（主观） alone adj. 单独的, 独一无二的, 孤独的, 独自的；adv. 独自地 She is alone. 她独自一个人（事实, 客观） roof n. 楼顶（从外面看） raise the roof v. 喧闹, 大声抱怨 ceiling n. 天花板（从里面看） hit the ceiling 勃然大怒, 暴跳如雷, 怒发冲冠（美口语） block n. 块, 一座大楼 flat n. 公寓房 a block of flats 公寓楼 (英国英语) a block of apartments 公寓楼(美语，apartment n. 公寓) office block 办公楼 写字楼 desert v. 废弃 v. 废弃 desert the house = let the room empty n. 沙漠, 不毛之地 【课文讲解】 1、The taxi is a small Swiss aeroplane called a Pilatus Porter. called a Pilatus Porter是过去分词短语,作aeroplane的定语。一般过去分词短语作定语时要放在所修饰的名词/代词之后，而一个单独的分词作定语时则往往放在所修饰的名词/代词前面。 He landed in a deserted car park. a race across the Atlantic call sb. sth. 叫某人 be called 被称为 The instrument was called a clavichord. 过去分词做定语时是作为被动状态来翻译的 I have an instrument called a clavichord. a ploughed field 被耕过的田； a deserted car park 被废弃的车场 written English 书面语 ；spoken English 口语 colloquial language 口语 2、The most surprising thing about it, however, is that it can land anywhere: on snow, water, or even on a ploughed field. that 从句在此处是表语从句。宾语从句中的that可省略；定语从句中的关系词在从句中做宾语时可以省略。 The most surprising thing is that （surprising 可以由其它词替换） The most exciting thing is that we can win the football match. The happiest thing is that I can visit/see/(stay with) mother during the Spring Festival. (the Spring Festival 春节) To ones surprise, 3、Since then, Captain Fawcett has flown passengers to many unusual places. since then 从那时起（强调起点） so far =up to now 强调终点 fly vi. 飞，飞行 The aeroplane is flying over the river. vt. 空运（乘客） fly sb./sth. To 开飞机送某人/物去 He has flown his car to France. drive sb. to 开车送某人去 My friend drove me to Tianjin. 4、Once he landed on the roof of a block of flats and on another occasion, he landed in a deserted car park. onceand on another occasion 一次还有一次 Once I met him on the street and on another occasion I met him in the library. 5、Captain Fawcett has just refused a strange request from a businessman. request from sb. 来自某人的请求 request for sth. 要求得到 6、The man wanted to fly to Rockall, a lonely island in the Atlantic Ocean, but Captain Fawcett did not take him because the trip was too dangerous. take sb. to 送某人 too 在副词或形容词前表示否定含义，强调程度大到了人们不愿去做 too expensive 太贵了（买不起） very 强调程度深 You are very kind. very expensive 很贵，但买得起 dangerous adj. 危险的 【Key structures】 一般过去时和现在完成时 一般过去时往往强调动作本身，而现在完成时则表示始于过去并持续到现在的动作或表示过去不确定的时间发生过的并与现在有某种联系的动作。 I hope you washed them before you ate them. Up till now, I have never been abroad before. 【Special Difficulties】 Refuse and Deny refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 I offered to pay him for his help but he refused (payment). deny doing sth. / deny that +从句 否认（指控、做过某事等） The secretary denies that she has stolen the letter. 当refuse 作为及物/不及物动词表示“ 拒绝接受 ”时，不可与 deny混用；当 refuse作为及物动词表示“ 拒绝给予、拒绝要求”时，它与deny可以互相替换。 All those not holding tickets will be refused /denied entry. 无票者不得入内。 Bring，Take与Fetch bring v. 从某处将某物“带来”，离说话人越来越近 He brought the book with him when he came to see me. take v. 拿走，离说话人越来越远 He took the book with him when he left. fetch v. 去某地将某物“取来”，是个双程动作，去了再来(双向动作) Please fetch me a glass of water. Very and Too very adv. 很，非常（very描述状况，不涉及后果） I arrived very late but I caught the train. too adv. 太，过于（too表示“太”，以至于引起某种后果） I arrived too late and I missed the train. Lesson 30 Football or polo? cut v. 穿过 vt. &vi. 切，割，剪 Would you please cut the cake in half? I read this story in the paper this morning and cut it out for you. 今天上午我在报纸上读到这个故事便给你剪下来了。 cut ones hair = have a hair cut 理发 cut the tree 砍树 cut down the tree = cut the tree down 砍倒树 cut the head off 砍脑袋 (off = away from) cut off electricity 切断电源 cut sth. into pieces 把切成小片(碎) vt. 割破，划破 cut oneself 割伤自己 vi. 横穿，穿越（介词用across/through） cut across/through 直着穿过 The road cuts across/through the forest. cut a corner 走捷径，超近路 When you learn English, never cut a corner. No pains, no gains. row v. 划(船) vt.& vi. 划船 My brother is rowing. 划船 （row 强调动作） go boating 去划船（强调玩） vt. 划船载运 Can you row me up/across the river? 你能划船将我送到河的上游/对岸吗？ He rowed her home. 他划船把她送回家。 kick v. 踢 kick me 踢我一脚 kickback n. 回扣, 佣金 I get a kickback of 2000