《GMATISSUE提纲》word版.doc

1. In some countries, television and radio programs are carefully censored for offensive language and behavior. In other countries, there is little or no censorship.In your view, to what extent should government or any other group be able to censor television or radio programs? Explain, giving relevant reasons and/or examples to support your position.agree1Television and radio programs with offensive language and behavior can adversely affect individuals mood.2Imitation of the offensive language and behavior including obscenity and violence can do harm to the society as a whole.3Some one may argue that to censor the television and radio programs is a violation of the right of free speech. However, these people misunderstand the essence of freedom including the right of free speech. No one can get any freedom, if everyone can do whatever they want regardless of the impact on others. 2. “It is unrealistic to expect individual nations to make, independently, the sacrifices necessary to conserve energy. International leadership and worldwide cooperation are essential if we expect to protect the worlds energy resources for future generations.”Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.1To conserve the energy is a world-wide project. No individual country is able to do it independently.2It is unfair to let individual nations to make sacrifices while the others do not. 3The best and the most efficient way is the whole wolrd conserve the energy simultaneously and collectively. 3. “Corporations and other businesses should try to eliminate the many ranks and salary grades that classify employees according to their experience and expertise. A flat organizational structure is more likely to encourage collegiality and cooperation among employees.”Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.disagree1Hierarchical organizational structure can make an organization work more efficient. 2Salary grades can inspire the members of an organization or employees of a company try their best to make contribution to the organization or the company.3TO help eliminate the aggressive attitude among members of an organization of employees of a company. A fair and open evalutaion system should be carefull designed. What is more, it is imprudent to say a flat organizational structure can encourage cooperation an collegiality. It is more likely to have conflicts without solution when no one has the authority to make the final judgement. 4. “Of all the manifestations* of power, restraint in the use of that power impresses people most.”* manifestations: apparent signs or indicatorsExplain what you think this quotation means and discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with it. Develop your position with reasons and/or specific examples drawn from history, current events, or your own experience, observations, or reading.1Admittedly, it is not always good to use the power to the utmost. There is no need for manager to fire an employee who have committed a minus violation of the coompany rule. There is no use for the head of a state to lauch a war when there is only a political disagreement with another country, and so on so forth.2likewise, to restrain the use of power is not always good. 3In fact, we are more likely to be impressed by a flexible use of power. 5. “All groups and organizations should function as teams in which everyone makes decisions and shares responsibilities and duties. Giving one person central authority and responsibility for a project or task is not an effective way to get work done.”To what extent do you agree or disagree with the opinion expressed above? Support your views with reasons and/or specific examples drawn from your own work or school experiences, your observations, or your reading.1For groups and organizations that are stable, it is reasonable to have a flat organizational structure. 2For groups and organizations that are always confronted with emergencies, it is always better to give one certain person central authority and responsibility. 3It is hard to say that one structure is necessarily better than the other. They all have advantages and disadvantages. And it is a case-by-case discussion.6. “There is only one definition of success to be able to spend your life in your own way.”To what extent do you agree or disagree with this definition of success? Support your position by using reasons and examples from your reading, your own experience, or your observation of others.1I agree with the author to the extent that success has no universal criteria, every has its own way to success.2However, on ones way to his or her own success, one should not violate the law and the ethics. 3To improve the quotation, a better definition of success can be - to be able to enjoy ones life and do some contribution to the society as a whole.7. “The best way to give advice to other people is to find out what they want and then advise them how to attain it.”Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion expressed above. Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.1I agree the first half of authors opinion. There is no use to give advice to people, when you even dont what they want or what their problems are. 2However, it is better to help them find their own way to attain what they want. 3Admittedly, some times it is impossible to instruct the people step by step cause it is time-consuming to do so. And, in contrast, directly tell them how to attain is much esier. 8. “For hundreds of years, the monetary system of most countries has been based on the exchange of metal coins and printed pieces of paper. However, because of recent developments in technology, the international community should consider replacing the entire system of coins and paper with a system of electronic accounts of credits and debits.”Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.1Intangible currencies are more convenient than its predecessor. 2Tangible currencies are safer than its counterparts. 3It is too extreme to let the electronic system replace the tangible system entirely. We can let they two coexist. 9. “Employees should keep their private lives and personal activities as separate as possible from the workplace.”Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.1Personal activities should not be brought to ones workplace since they can reduce ones efficiency. Thinking about ones private life can distract one from his or her work. 2Talking about private life and doing personal activities can disturb other fellow workers. 3It is inevitable for a person to think about his or her private life and to do some personal activities at the workplace. But an employee should do his or her best to focus on the work when at workplace. 10. “In any enterprise, the process of making or doing something is ultimately more important than the final product.”Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion expressed above. Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.1The ultimate aim for an enterprise is to gain the maximum profit. The final product instead of the process of making or doing something can bring the enterprise profit.2To make the final profit more acceptable to the consumers, special attention should be put on the process of making the product. 3I prefer to say that the process of making and doing something is extremely important in any enterprise because it directly affect the quality of the final product.11. “When someone achieves greatness in any field such as the arts, science, politics, or business that persons achievements are more important than any of his or her personal faults.”Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.1Every one has faults. We can not ignore ones achievement only because he or she has made some faults. Likewise, we can not neglect ones error when he or she achieves greatness in the field. 2When it comes to which one is more important, the greatness or the faults, the final judgement should be based on the situation of the certain person. In fact, as far as I am concerned, it makes no sense to make such a judgement. 3We should give a person fair and reasonable evalluation. It is imprudent to say that the greatness one achieves in one field is necessarily more important than the faults he or she makes.12“Education has become the main provider of individual opportunity in our society. Just as property and money once were the keys to success, education has now become the element that most ensures success in life.”In your opinion, how accurate is the view expressed above? Explain, using reasons and examples based on your own experience, observations, or reading.“教育已经成为我们的社会里个人机会的主要提供者。就像财富和金钱一度是成功的关键一样，经验现在已经成为确保成功的最重要因素。” 在你的观念里，上述观点有多正确？从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来解释你的观点1教育是提高一个素质的最好途径。机遇只偏爱有准备的头脑，教育使人有能力抓住转瞬即释的机会2成功的定义应该是全力投入于自己所喜爱的事业对社会有所贡献从而得到物质和精神上的满足。教育是最主要的为一个个体提供掌握一种技能熟悉一门学科知识的provider，从而才可以有所贡献而得到满足。On one hand, there is nothing that can be better than education in providing us with all kinds of knowledge and skills for solving different problems in our respective domains. How can we achieve success without those expertise and techniques? Some one may argue that experience and common sense are enough for this kind of concern. However, in my opinion, nothing can really substitute education, while it may be true that the above-mentioned elements are also important in gaining the knowledge to achieve success.What is more, education can make a person improve morally and purify his or her spirit. In my point of view, morality is also an important element for ones success, although it is always neglected or overlooked. Dictators, for instance, they are likely to be very intelligent and hard-working people, but they are inferior in ethic. It is obvious that those people can not be considered successful. The best way to make a person moral and respectable is education. It teaches people to tell good from bad; it helps people to distinguish justice form evil. privilege n&vt property determine access obtain excellent opportunity candidate 13 “Responsibility for preserving the natural environment ultimately belongs to each individual person, not to government.”Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.“保护自然环境的责任完全属于每个个人，而非政府。” 讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。 1个人往往是按照自己的利益办事即使有环保意愿但和个人利益冲突或要损失个人利益时候往往就会选择牺牲环境moreover个人往往是短视的，只关注眼前不注意长远。政府则相反2环保常常规模很大，个人无力完成。3诚然每个保护环境的措施都是要个人的参与的。但是这种参与是在政府的统筹下的。象作者那样的论断是草率的a tug of war拔河，两派间的激烈竞争 a political tug of war between those in favor of the new legislation and those against it.large in scale participation participate ensure preservation individual on behalf of 为了 at large 逍遥自在不受限制的；全体地普遍地Experience tells us that individuals tend to act on behalf of their own short-term economic and political interest, not on behalf of the environment or the public at plete elimination emission automobile nevertheless不过 manufacturer manufacture because voluntarily volunteer voluntary volunteer voluntary voluntarily sacrifice accomplish regulatory调整的 enforcement impose necessary standard ensure achieve aside from inherently inherent pandemic全国流行的 epidemic流行的 traverse border environment environmental hazard enemy analysis authority authoritative possess attainment agreed-upon 意见一致的14. “Organizations should be structured in a clear hierarchy in which the people at each level, from top to bottom, are held accountable for completing a particular component of the work. Any other organizational structure goes against human nature and will ultimately prove fruitless.”“组织应该建立在明确的分层之上，在其中人们位于从顶到底的每一层上，被赋予完成一部分工作的责任。如何其它的组织结构都违反人类天性，并将被证明是无成效的。” 讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。 The speaker claims that all organizations should include a clear hierarchy of accountability because any other structure would work against human nature and therefore prove fruitless in the end. This claim gives rise to complex issues about human nature and the social structures best suited to it. As far as I am concerned, this argument is generally acceptable. I base my point of view on the following analysis.1.明确的分层可以让每个人发挥自己的专长各尽所能.2.明确分层可以让有全面协调能力的人处于领导地位.在下级出现分歧时候可以由这个领导者作出团队的决定.而其他形式的组织则会在意见不合时难以为继3.诚然,让每个人都到可以发挥专长的工作岗位上是很困难的.而真正具有统筹能力的人是否可以出任领导的职位也不是定数.但相比较分层结构的优点毫无疑问我们应该投入精力和时间把分层结构的优越性发挥到极至.hierarchy accountability structure distorted distort ultimately organizational organizational structure nexus连结,关系First, the organizational structure the speaker recommends undermines the nexus between worker and product that facilitates efficiency and productivity.facilitate facility responsible component lose sight of alienate in turn In turn, workers will feel alienated, unimportant, and unmotivated to do work they are proud partmentalize划分 hierarchical分等级的 stifle使窒息使抑制Second, compartmentalizing tasks in a hierarchical structures stifles creativity.collegiality resentment resign resignation inferior superior15. “Nations should cooperate to develop regulations that limit childrens access to adult material on the Internet.” *The Internet is a worldwide computer network.“国家间应该合作发展规范以限制儿童接触英特网上的成人内容。” 讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。 The issue here is whether an international effort to regulate childrens access to adult material on the Internet is worthwhile. In my view, nations should attempt to regulate such access by cooperative regulatory effort. I base this view on the universality and importance of the interest in protecting children from harm, and on the inherently global nature of the problem. Adults everywhere have a serious interest in limiting childrens access to pornographic material. Pornographic material tends to confuse children-distorting their notion of sex, of themselves as sexual beings, and of how people ought to treat one another. Particularly in the case of domination and child pornography, the messages children receive from pornographic material cannot contribute in a healthy way to their emerging sexuality. Given this important interest that knows no cultural bounds, we should regulate childrens access to sexually explicit material on the internet. 国际合作在这中间十分必要.因为这种犯罪的遏止如同当年控制臭氧空洞(ozone depletion)的元凶PRIME CRIMINAL(CFC)时候一样单独靠一个国家的力量这种污染是无法遏止的. 诚然,会遇到很大的政治制约(POLITICAL HURDLE)regulate access material worthwhile cooperative regulatory universality普遍性广泛性I base this view on the universality and importance of the interest in protecting children from harm, and on the inherently global nature of this problem.pornographic色情的 sexual性的性别的 emerging浮现出来的 sexuality 性特征bound contained within national border be akin to emission release phenomenon regulation contamination污染物 contaminate admittedly formidable hurdle compliance 服从顺从consequence结果 cooperate 16. “Public buildings reveal much about the attitudes and values of the society that builds them. Todays new schools, courthouses, airports, and libraries, for example, reflect the attitudes and values of todays society.”“公众建筑反映了建造它的社会的许多态度和价值。例如，今天的新学校，法院，机场，图书馆反应了今天的社会的态度和价值。” 1.建筑的功能可以反映社会的价值观2.建筑的设计可以反映社会的态度 格调是明快的材质是什么样子都可以反映建造的这个社会的态度是积极的还是消极的是乐观的还是悲观的3.诚然,由于社会所处历史时期的限制,发展水平文明程度,科技水平的限制一个社会的建筑往往不能全面的反映它的态度和价值观但是它确实可以在一定的程度上反映出来.reflect societal social intended function design mirror=reflect priority precedence preceding precede superiority concern respectively respective democratic democracy luxury luxurious functionality function functional fiscal accountability architecture architectural architect participation participate process eccentric preference prefer convention conventional unwillingness controversial outcry大声疾呼 probably conclusion necessarily17. “Some people believe that the best approach to effective time management is to make detailed daily and long-term plans and then to adhere to them. However, this highly structured approach to work is counterproductive. Time management needs to be flexible so that employees can respond to unexpected problems as they arise.”“一些人相信有效利用时间的最好方法是制定详细的每日和长期计划并遵守它们。但是，高度组织的工作方式是反生产的。时间管理必须灵活才能使员工可以应对意想不到的问题的出现。” The speaker claims that a detailed time-management plan fails to afford adequate flexibility to deal with the unexcepted at the workplace. He seems to offer an either/or choice between planning ones time rigidly, by detailing important daily as well as long-term plans, and not planning at all, and he prefers the second choice. The speakers claims is overly simplisic, since it is possible for a detailed time-management plan to also provide flexibility.1.明确地知道短期计划可以使每天的工作都有章可循.不会觉得无所事事也不会觉得焦头烂额.长期计划则有助于让人从一个较高的角度把握全局,明白工作的重点和目标.2.制订了详细的短期和长期计划并不一定意味着就失去了灵活性.制订计划只是为了让制订者在固定的一段时间内完成指定的计划.而且由于前面提过的明确了长期的计划,人们就可以明确工作重点和目标,从而有助于取舍.claim detailed time-management afford adequate flexibility unexpected workplace an either/or choice