商学英语教程unit7讲义.ppt

G Grouproup 8 8 UNITUNIT7 7 OPERATIONS:OPERATIONS: PRODUCING PRODUCING THE GOODSTHE GOODS G8 members: 杨吉 叶建兵 俞淑铭 徐颖 钟小惠 史涵文 叶帆 Content 1. the production process of glass 2.core activity of business 3. vocabulary bank 4. business location First ,Let us learn the process of making high quality crystal glass 1 C In order to make glass, sand, lead oxide and other chemicals, as well as a quantity of broken glass known as cullet, are mixed together in a container. 为了制作玻璃，砂，氧化物和其他铅 化学品，以及大量的碎玻璃 被称为“碎玻璃”，混合在一个 容器里面。 2 E The raw materials are heated in a very hot oven, as shown in the picture. Once melted, the mixture can be made into different shapes. Starting outStarting out 原材料在高温炉中加热， 如图所示。一旦融化，混合物 可制成不同的形状。 3 F In the case of handmade crystal products, glass blowers gather a small amount of liquid glass with their long blowing pipes.The glass blowers roll the hot glass attached to the end of the pipes in such a way that it becomes a smooth ball. 风机收集少量液体玻璃 他们长的风管的玻璃吹卷。 附着在管端在热玻璃 这样一种方式，它变成了一个光滑的球 Then, by blowing through the pipes, they can make the required designs. In addition to blowing, the use of a special mould may be necessary to help form the correct shape. 然后，通过吹通过管道，他们可以 进行所需的设计。除了吹， 一个特殊的模具的使用可能是必要的 有助于形成正确的形状。 The hot glass products go into a cooling tunnel in order to cool down to room temperature 冷却至室温 6 D The end of the production process takes place in the finishing room where the items are smoothed, washed, polished and packed. 生产过程的结束发生在 最终车间里，物品变得平滑， 已被清洗，抛光和包装。 MANAGING OPERATIONS What is the lecturer going to talk about ? Write yes ,no ,or not mentioned managing production the supply chain quality costs of production production methods scheduling 2.What is the supply chain ？ 7.2 B page 117 Answers: MANAGING OPERATIONS Make notes in an appropriate form What is another word for inputs? What resources are involved in manufacturing ?Give some examples. Were your questions in exercise A answered? questions 7.2 C page 117 118 MANAGING OPERATIONS 1 2 3 input Transform ation output resources Finish product Value added Value added 一定时期内企业在生产产品中增加的 价值，价值构成C1+V+M。 是指企业在报告期内以货币形式表现 的本企业生产活动的最终成果，是企业 全部生产活动的最终成果扣除了在生产 过程中消耗和转换的物质产品和劳务价 值后的余额，是企业生产过程中新创造 的价值。 118 part 3 商 业 利 润 表面上，是商业资本所 有者通过贱买贵卖获得的 实际上，是产业资本所 有者转让给商业资本所有 者的、由生产领域工人创 造的剩余价值的一部分 商业利润的形成 商业资本和商业利润 value added 资本家集团 路径 剩余价值(surplus value ) 利润(profit) 产业资本商业资本借贷资本 工人(labour) a(固定 成本） 产销量 息税前 利润 bx(变动 成本） Px（销售收入) EBIT=px-bx-a=M-a c Learn some fixed phrases in the field of business studies assembly line 流水线 capital investment 资金投资 cash flow 资金流动 manufacturing process 制造过程；制造方 法 project management 项目管理 productivity gain 提高生产率，增大产 量 service industry 服务业 Company director Product life cycle 产品寿命周期； Page 54 Learn some fixed phrases which are used in academic and technical English As shown As well In addition I n order In such a way I n the case Known The end The use Turn to page 60 Skills bank Given informations:informations which the listener or reader already knows,from general knowledge or from previous information in the text.It normally goes at the beginning of the sentense. New informations:information which is new in this text ,it nomally goes at the beginning of the sentence Page 61 Skills bank Giving sentences a special focus Normal Watt invented the steam engine In 1770 Focusing on person It was watt who invented the steam engine in 1770 Focusing on object It was the steam engine which walt invented in 1770 Focusing on time It was in 1770 that walt invented steam engine BUSINESS Location possibly opening new markets. Human Resources must be attuned to the firms hiring and training needs. Accounting and Finance must evaluate costing. Operations needs to be able to meet current customer demand and provide the right amount of customer contact. Factors Affecting Location Decisions 影响选址的因素 Managers must weigh many factors when assessing the desirability of particular locations. The factor must be sensitive to location. The factor must have a high impact on the companys ability to meet its goals. Dominant Factors in Manufacturing 制造企业主要选址因素选址因素 Favorable labor climate. May be most important factor in labor-intensive industries Proximity to markets. Important when outbound transportation rates are high. Quality of life. Good schools, recreational facilities, cultural events and attractive lifestyle. Proximity to suppliers and resources. Important when inbound transportation costs are high. Proximity to the parent companys facilities. Important when coordination and communication is critical. Utilities, taxes, and real estate costs. Dominant Factors in Services 服务业选址因素 Proximity to customers. How conveniently customers can carry on business with a firm. Transportation costs and proximity to markets. Especially for warehousing and distribution operations. Location of Competitors. Estimating the sales potential and impact of competition. Critical mass is a situation whereby several competing firms clustered in one location attract more customers than the total number who would shop at the same stores at scattered locations. Site-Specific Factors. Including residential density, traffic flow, and site visibility. The location of business It is convenient for the supply of water and electric Away from downtown Glass factory It is convenient for the supply of water and electric Away from downtown Downtown area Students and office workers Convenient traffic Many people Without noise and polluted air around Bookshop Convenient Adequate sources of water beautiful enviroment Adequate material Soft drinks factory a bright economy development Perfect basic facilities Convenient traffic Luxury hotel Sufficient labor force Sufficient powe