书面表达之读写任务解题指导.ppt

读写任务型写作分为两部分： 第一部分用约30个词概括所给短文要点，文 体以议论文，记叙文或说明文为主。要求在 读懂的基础上概括要点。 第二部分用约120个词就短文某一主题发表 看法。旨在着重考查学生的综合能力，特别 是阅读写作以及思维的能力。 概括文章要点。 概括要求文字精简，并且要使用自己的语言 来表达，不能抄袭文章中的词句。具体而言 ，写概括我们要注意： （一）阅读原文并要读懂文章。 只有在掌握文章大意后才能进行写作。 （二）定位中心词，找出主题句。 任务型写作要求发表议论的主题，是短文要 揭示的主题。可以从命题者给出的论题里找 到中心词，防止概括的要点离题。议论文或 说明文的主题句往往出现在开头或结尾，而 记叙文往往没有现成的主题句，需要自己去 归纳总结。 （三）词数控制。 把握好主要内容。写作时注意文字精练，去 掉多余的细节和例子，语句尽量客观中立， 就事论事，避免过多的主观倾向，避免抄袭 文中的语句。时态要注意和文章的整体时态 保持一致；行文流畅，关联词、过渡词都必 不可少。 概括叙事性文章 主要内容一般应包括四个方面的内容： 1. 什么人？ 2. 做什么事情？ 3. 目的如何？ 4. 结果如何？ 1. The passage/ story is mainly about (talks about) +名称（不能接从句） 2. The writer/author tells us about +名称（不 能接从句） 3. The passage narrates that +从句 故事性阅读材料，应该用最简练的语言来 说明故事讲述了什么，最好讲述该故事给 你的启示或其中的一个道理。 阅读下面短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左 右的英语短文。 【写作内容】 1. 以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。 2. 以约120个词描述“文明交往距离规定”的利 弊，并谈谈你对异性交往的看法。 【写作要求】 1.作文中可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得 直接引用原文中的句子。 2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。 【范例】2014江苏调研 An increasing number of students fall in love at an early age and create problems with their studies, which has aroused the schools attention. A middle school has set a “distance for civilized communication“ between boy and girl students. Boys and girls should keep a distance of at least 50 centimeters when they talk in public, otherwise they will be criticized or get an even severer punishment, says an article in Beijing News. It seems that the school has passed the school regulation to prevent girls and boys from falling in love at an early age and creating problems for the school authorities. Some teachers and parents approve of the regulation because it is of vital importance to the teenagers study. However, many experts say the problem, if it is one, can be better solved through communication. It is natural for a teenager to have a feeling of love on someone from the opposite sex. It is natural for girls and boys to be attracted to each other as they mature sexually. In fact, normal communication between boy and girl students is good not only for their emotional development and personality refinement, but also for their relationship when they grow up. An increasing number of students fall in love at an early age and create problems with their studies, which has aroused the schools attention. A middle school has set a “distance for civilized communication” between boy and girl students. Boys and girls should keep a distance of at least 50 centimeters when they talk in public, otherwise they will be criticized or get an even severer punishment, says an article in Beijing News. It seems that the school has passed the school regulation to prevent girls and boys from falling in love at an early age and creating problems for the school authorities. Some teachers and parents approve of the regulation because it is of vital importance to the teenagers study. However, many experts say the problem, if it is one, can be better solved through communication. 1. 什么人？ A middle school 2. 做什么事情？ has set a “distance for civilized communication” 3. 目的如何？ to prevent students from falling in love at an early age 4. 结果如何？ has caused different opinions From the article, we know a school has set a regulation about civilized communication between boys and girls to prevent students falling in love at an early age, which has caused different opinions. (33 words) One possible answer: (概括主要内容而非细节性描述) From the article, we know a school has set a regulation about civilized communication between boys and girls to prevent students falling in love at an early age, which has caused different opinions. Obviously, the regulation has its advantages and disadvantages. In our daily school life some students cant resist the opposite genders attraction, disturbing themselves. With such a school rule carried out, its of great help for them to take control of themselves and realize the harm of abnormal communication. Meanwhile, however, its not good for the students emotional development and normal relationship. Personally, I hold a right attitude towards communication with the opposite gender. Ill get on well with my classmates no matter whether they are boys or girls, but keeping a certain personal distance is extremely necessary. Its of great importance for me to bury myself in my school work before I regret only because of my puppy love. Usually the beginning of a summary is: 1. The passage mainly discusses that 2. We can know from the passage that 3. As far as the author is concerned, 4. In the passage, the author mainly stressed that 议论文的阅读短文，则要尽可能客观简要地 转述阅读材料的观点，而非描述细节。 阅读下面短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的 英语短文。 【写作内容】 1. 约30个词概括上文的主要内容。 2. 约120个词谈谈对平凡工作的想法，内容包括： (1) 描述清洁工工作的艰辛; (2) 假如没有清洁工，环境会变得如何? (3) 你对平凡工作者的看法。 【写作要求】 1. 作文中可使用亲身经历或虚构故事，也可参照 阅读材料内容，不得直接引用原文中的句子。 2. 不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。 To many people even the word “work” sounds unpleasant, not necessarily because they are lazy. The same man, who dislikes his job in the factory or even in the office, may work hard at the weekend, painting the house or digging the garden. What is the reason, then? In most cases, it is because these people simply do not enjoy the job they are doing. It does not give them any real satisfaction. It may be quite easy, like making up wooden boxes, but it is very boring. Very often they are doing a job which is just a small part of a much larger one, such as attaching a door handle to a car. But the part they play in actually making the car is so small that they can never say: I have made something! Yet in modern society somebody has to do ordinary jobs such as cleaning streets because this is the way society is organized. No matter how ordinary a job is, it plays a part in society and therefore deserves our due respect. Society cannot function a single day without the “dull and boring” jobs. In the passage, the author mainly stressed the importance of small and ordinary work, such as cleaning the street because of their essentiality for the organization of the society, and thinks those doing such jobs should be respected greatly. There is no doubt that what a cleaner does is more harder compared with any other jobs in the society. On one hand, they must get up in the early morning every day to clean the street while we are sill in the sweet sleeping dreams. On the other hand, they also suffer from less respect and lower pay, working all day on the street no matter it is sun shines strongly or snow, wind heavily. Nobody could imagine what a bad environment we would live in if there were no cleaners in the city. Wherever we go, there is rubbish. Maybe we would soon be drowned in the mountain of rubbish. Even worse, if there were no change about that, diseases would spread at a very quick speed. Is there anything that can be worse than this! From the above, I can draw the conclusion safely that even the smallest and the most ordinary job, such as cleaning the street is also the necessary part to keep the society going smoothly. Consequently, those who do those most insignificant jobs should get respected as much as those being engineers or doctors. 说明性短文, 必须用概括的文字来说明 某种现象。 1. It is stated in the article that 2. According to the passage, we can know that 3. In the passage, the author states that 4. The passage points out that 【写作内容】 1) 以约30个词概括短文的要点； 2) 然后以约120个词就“Teamwork”的主题发 表看法，并包括如下要点： a) 在你心目中，你认为团队精神的概念是 什么？ b) 试通过简述两三个例子来说明团队精神的 重要性。 c) 你认为如何才能建立起班级团队精神的文 化？ Teamwork is about people working together as a team. The idea has spread from the world of sports to business. In the 21st century, as people and their work are becoming more technically advanced, working as a team makes it easier to get things done. Some things cannot be done by people working individually. More complex goals usually require that people work together. Anyone who has ever been to a job interview will almost certainly have been asked what teamwork means to them. This is because companies want people who are team players, can get along with their colleagues and work together in a group. Because teamwork is required by many organizations today, they will often organize team building events in an attempt to get people to work as a team than as individuals. There are seven important skills that one must learn in order to be a successful team player. They are as follows: Listeninglisten and allow people to freely express their ideas. Questioningask questions and discuss the objectives of the team. Persuadingencourage people to exchange, defend, and rethink their ideas. Respectingtreat others with respect and to support their ideas. Helpinghelp ones partners, this is the general theme of teamwork. Sharingshare ideas and resources with the team to create an environment of teamwork. Participatingall members of the team are encouraged to participate in the team. The passage stated the importance of teamwork. Not only can it make the work easier to do for individuals (概括文章第一部 分), but also many companies are willing to employ people who can work together (概括 文章第二部分). Besides, seven teamwork skills are also described (概括文章第三部分 ). 1. 概括要抓住要点, 语言精练: 如果给的阅读材料是一个故事，用最简练 的概括语言来说明故事讲述了什么，不要 细节描述。 如果是说明性或描述性短文，用概括的文 字来说明某种现象。 如果是议论文的阅读短文, 客观简要地转 述观点。 2. 考虑概括段与下文的承接。 短文概括和发表议论的段落要合理地承接 起来才是一篇连贯的文章。 如果是议论文，常采用以下的句式承接下 文，表达自己的意见： In my opinion, ; As far as I am concerned, ; As for me, 表示赞同 I agree with 3. 任务二的写作方法: 任务型写作只给出议论的范围而没有具 体的中文要点提示，这就需要自己去组织 。在明确写作要求和写作内容后，要从整 体上把握文章的结构，划分文章的段落， 理清文章的层次。可把几个要点单独成段 ，在每段的开头就点题，凸现个人见解。 各段的分配要有机平衡，不能顾此失彼。 写作时要扬长避短，避免使用没把握 的词、短语和句型。打好草稿后，认真复 查，尽可能减少可能的失误。检查：时态 、语态，主谓，句子结构完整，词语搭配 ，单词拼写，标点符号等。在完成整篇文 章的写作后，增加合适的连接词或过渡性 的词、短语或句子。句式的表达尽量多样 化，地道化。 【范例】 阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词 左右的英语短文。 【写作内容】 学校最近组织了一次中美学生交流活动，你 参加其中的“大学校园生活”讨论。听完Mike 的发言之后，你准备写一份发言稿，题目是 “Preparing Myself for College Life”， 内容要点包括： 1. 以约30个词概括Mike的发言要点； 2. 然后以约120个词谈谈你理想的大学生活， 内容包括： （1） 对中学生活的感受； （2） 理想的大学生活； （3） 中学生活和大学生活的差别，以及你打 算如何适应。 【写作要求】 1. 在作文中可以使用自己亲身的经历或虚构 的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容但 不得直接引用原文中的句子； 2. 不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。 Hi, I am Mike. I just went through my first year of college. The toughest part on me at first was the general adjustment. I went to a very small high school where my mom was a teacher and she did practically everything for me. But at the college I need to know some basic life skills, such as balancing a check-book, laundry, and the things you have to be able to handle that I never thought of in the high school! It was really tough for me at first and I got badly homesick. Once that first semester was over and I got used to the college life, I love itgood facilities, helpful instructors, and a good library. The students Union organizes various parties every week. I also go to cinemas and concerts, and often spend Saturday nights in pubs and clubs. One thing I think is important is to get yourself active in things. I was on dance team in college and met a ton of people that wayit was so much easier to make friends when you had a common ground. Hi, I am Mike. I just went through my first year of college. The toughest part on me at first was the general adjustment. I went to a very small high school where my mom was a teacher and she did practically everything for me. But at the college I need to know some basic life skills, such as balancing a check-book, laundry, and the things you have to be able to handle that I never thought of in the high school! It was really tough for me at first and I got badly homesick. Once that first semester was over and I got used to the college life, I love itgood facilities, helpful instructors, and a good library. The students Union organizes various parties every week. I also go to cinemas and concerts, and often spend Saturday nights in pubs and clubs. One thing I think is important is to get yourself active in things. I was on dance team in college and met a ton of people that wayit was so much easier to make friends when you had a common ground. Preparing Myself for College Life Mike shared with us his first year of college life. At first Mike didnt adjust himself well to the college life because of the lack of basic life skills and homesick. However, he got himself active in things and gradually enjoyed his new college life. It is obvious that high school life is quite different from college life. We generally study the basic knowledge and seldom work out a project by ourselves. Additionally, most of us live with our parents and we arent independent enough to live alone. High school life is more simple than college life. However, college life is more challenging and colorful. An ideal college life is meaningful and full of challenges. Students not only study their own majors but also learn how to realize their dreams. They meet more new friends and gradually go into the real society. I enjoy my high school life a lot, which provides me with lots of skills and valuable experience. But I discover that I still lack some important life skills, which requires me to improve myself. In order to adjust myself to the coming college life, I decide to gain more knowledge about the society and life skills. I will try my best to become an independent mature college student. All in all, Im looking forward to the new college life. I will prepare myself well and made improvement bit by bit. 请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇 150词左右的文章。(2014 江苏苏) When we read newspapers, we often come across such English words as “AIDS” and “PK.” When we watch TV, we frequently hear words like “NBA” or “PM2.5.” When we speak, we automatically use words like “OUT” or “Bye-bye.” English words and expressions like these are getting popular. They have already become part of our daily language. And 239 English words have been included in the latest Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese. The inclusion has started a heated discussion. A group of scholars signed a letter of complaint over the inclusion of these English words, which, they think, goes against Chinese language policies. They not only worry that Chinese is borrowing an increasing number of English words but are also concerned that the inclusion may hurt the dignity of the Chinese language. However, others are in favor of the inclusion because it is hard to say whether it will threaten the Chinese language. They believe the selection is mostly a result of their function and use in daily life. 【写作内容】 1. 用约30个单词写出上文概要； 2. 用约120个单词发表你的观点,内容包括: 支持或反对汉语词典收录英语词汇； 用2-3个理由或论据支撑你的观点。 【写作要求】 1. 可以支持文中任一观点,必须提供理由/论据； 2. 阐述观点或提供论据时,不能直接引用原文 【评分标准】 内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。 支持： Today, more and more English words find their way into the Chinese language. Even the Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese includes 239 English words. Some people support it while others do not. Generally, I am in favor