传感器技术外文翻译.doc

毕业设计（论文）外文文献原稿和译文 外文文献原稿和译文原 稿 Sensor Technology The sensor is an important technical foundation of the new technological revolution and the information society, is the trailbreaker of modern science and technology. The United States claimed as early as 80 years the world has entered the era of Japanese put sensors, sensor technology as the first ten technology. Japanese businessmen claimed dominated the sensor technology will be able to dominate the new era. The world developed countries attach great importance to the development of technology of sensor. The United States, Japan, Britain, France, Germany and other countries have put the sensor technology as one of key technology in developing countries. 22 technology the United States long-term national security and economic prosperity in the crucial 6 and sensor information processing technology is directly related to. On the protection of the quality advantage the United States weapons system is essential for key technology, 8 for the passive sensor. The United States Air Force in 2000 are 15 contributes to the key technology to improve the twenty-first Century air force capability, sensor technology ranked second. Japan on the development and utilization of sensor technology of considerable importance as a national focus on the development of one of the 6 core technology. There are 70 key issues of Japanese science and technology agency established in 90 key scientific research projects, 18 of which are closely related with the sensor technology. The United States of America in the early 80 s on the establishment of the National Technology Group (BGT), help the sensor technology development work of the government organization and leadership of the company and the national business sectorSensor technology is one of the world today attract peoples attention the rapid development of high technology, but also is an important sign of the development of modern science and technology, it and communication technology, computer technology constitute the three pillars of information industry. If the computer is the extension of the human brain, the sensor is the extension of human facial features, as the rapid development of integrated circuit, computer technology, the development of people gradually understand information intake device - sensor has not kept pace with the information technology and exclaimed, the brain developed, facial featuresSensor technology is one of the cross many disciplines measurement technology, semiconductor technology, computer technology, information processing technology, microelectronics, optics, acoustics, precision machinery, materials science, bionics, a comprehensive high-tech intensive technology.The sensor has been widely used in aerospace, aviation, national defense scientific research, information industry, machinery, electric power, energy, transportation, metallurgy, petroleum, construction, telecommunications, biotechnology, medicine, environmental protection, disaster prediction and prevention, materials, agriculture and forestry, fishery production, food, tobacco, robot manufacturing, household appliances and other fields, it can be said that almost penetration to each field.The development history, sensorThe foreign development of sensor technology has two different ways, one is to the United States as the representative of the walk way of civil, first increased and then the popularity of the first military post. The other one is represented by Japan focused on the utility and commercialization, popularization to improve, by the introduction, digestion, imitation to innovation path to improved design. The former is expensive, the latter is less expensive, faster.According to the expert assessment, compared to our country sensor technology and the foreign advanced countries, in scientific research and development should be 10 years behind, are 15 years behind in the production technology.Rapid development of sensor technology, there are the following reasons1 attaches great importance to the research of the sensor function material:Traditionally, we are making all sorts of sensors based on various functional materials, which often limits the sensor performance is further improved.2 of the sensor technology development attaches great importance to:For example, the United States of America Hone Will companys development center solid-state sensor annually for the equipment investment is $50000000, currently owns including computer aided design, crystal growth, processing, pattern generator, to repeat photography, automatic coating and lithography, plasma etching, sputtering, diffusion, extension, evaporation, ion implantation, chemical vapor deposition, scanning electron microscope, package and screen dynamic testing the most advanced equipment and production line, and is approximately every three years to update the most equipment, claiming that only in this way, to ensure the leading level of technology.3 attention process:The sensor principle is not difficult, is not secure, and the security is the process. In foreign countries, there are many evaluation sensor is not a general industrial products, but a perfect crafts masterpiece.In 1995, Tongji University President Professor published chemical sensors - Chinese sensitive needle, the Chinese traditional acupuncture needle and the needle shape of the same, but it has four function points of human body temperature, pH value, PO2 value and metabolism, with instrument display reading, research and clinical application in biomedical. This sensitivity is how to make the process of needle, confidential, can apply for patent protection.4 pay attention to quality management and marketNew product design, first from the theoretical analysis, model test, the performance of prototype to test and failure analysis, put forward the corresponding technical analysis report. First, in the design stage of organizational quality, software testing, and technical personnel jointly affect the reliability of the product design engineering, product design for testability and repairability discussed, thus to ensure the best technical scheme of new product quality and quality acceptance documents. Foreign manufacturers must strictly verified strictly according to the standards of the sensor. Such as overall performance testing, life test, failure analysis, various rules of error measurement and compensation, and various database (data, batch production, inspection time, calibration data, experimental data, the user feedback data), reflecting a large company strict and comprehensive quality management system, thereby greatly increasing plant products its vitality and competitiveness.Market demand survey meter analysis is very important, sweat hair products to market, sell and profit. Foreign manufacturers attach great importance to the analysis of market research, before settling in a new product development, light of investigation report a heap of tens of centimeters. One of the main application, technology, advanced technology, feasibility, industry and national preferential policies, investment analysis, comprehensive benefits, market demand, and many other aspects of a comprehensive feasibility discussion.The sensor technology development generally experienced the following four stages:(1) structure type sensor such as a strain type displacement meter(2) physical sensors such as solid-state piezoresistive pressure sensor(3) intelligent sensor such as the United States of America Hone Will company ST-3000 smart pressure sensor, it with a microprocessor, with detection and information processing function. Since the diagnosis, adaptive function.(4) molecular sensor, it is the use of bamboo for the configuration and conformation and exhibit electromagnetic phenomena as the theory base and production. Notable features: small size to the bamboo, and is composed of a large molecule or molecular devices.The human body is all kinds of sensor gathering place, and most organisms are molecular sensors sensors. So far, the real sensor, only to find, this suggests that in vivo, can make use of gene engineering, biosynthesis and molecular sensor system.Some people are expected in the future of the century the coming of the era of molecular sensor.On the development of sensor technology issues in twenty-first Century, to the point of personal views: sensor support technology is the micro machining technology, including microelectronics and micromachining technology, sensor technology, competition will be the manufacturing process from the chip into packaging technology competition. New packaging technique such as anodic bonding, flip chip bonding, flip chip technology will have greater development of new. Should rise to the rapid development of information industry and environmental protection industry in twenty-first Century, the sensor market will have greater development, seize the opportunities for development of sensor, seize the opportune moment to develop new products, and gradually formed the industry, will form a new growth point of national economy.Multi-sensor information fusion technology. The United States Air Force Technical College using the information fusion method for the determination of moving target research work was selected in forward-looking infrared sensor and a distance sensor, infrared image and visual image of dozens of pieces of distance nearly 100 information fusion based on the comparative analysis, the analysis method and the Bias minimum error classification criteria of feature level fusion, the moving target detection accuracy is greatly increased.The world of micro electronic mechanical system (MEMS) to give a high attention, the United States Agency (NASA) as support, the United States of Americas Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (APPA) and other institutions to invest $20000000 a year, Germanys annual investment of 70000000 US dollars, Japanese trade industry MITI) has created a ten years plans to invest $200000000 in the United States, the Silicon Valley has become the world center of MEMS. With the rapid development of sensor technology, solid state technology, microelectronic technology, computing technology and other disciplines, the sensor of a high precision, low drive, high reliability, low power consumption, small space occupation, light weight and fast response to the new micro electronic mechanical system will be in the world show.The future war is the electronic information warfare, one of its important features is to steal and steal information. Tanks, artillery and other likely quit the stage of history. Nano sensor can also be dressed as leaves, straw, ants, flies, by airdrop method into the desired place, constitute a distributed sensor network, is used to collect intelligence. Take photos, hacking, computer viruses, causing enemy lethargy. It was also predicted, can form a nano machine worm forces of every hue, with nanometer weapon, in nanoscale motor drive, to perform various specific tasks.Chemical sensor is very important in the production of industry and agriculture, home security, environmental monitoring, energy, health care and other fields, demand will be more and more urgent.The focus of future development of chemical sensor is miniaturized, intelligent, multi-functional. The working principle of in-depth study of organic, inorganic biological class of chemical sensors, improve sensitive material function design capability, flexible use of micromachining technology, sensitive film modified technology, microelectronic technology, many kinds of technology of optical fiber technology, biological engineering technology, integration, performance of the sensor optimization.Application of bionics, sensors, computing sciences as biomimetic sensors has made significant progress, biosensor is interdisciplinary science, it focuses on health care, environment detection, clothing and food industry demand.Environmental protection becomes more widespread attention. At present our country sensor first user metallurgical industry, for the 100 kinds of special high added value sensor almost all rely on imports (such as ladle temperature sensor).From the energy-saving, environmental protection, improve the analysis of automobile safety and comfort aspects, will have a larger market demand.译 文 传感器技术传感器是新技术革命和信息社会的重要技术基础,是现代科技的开路先锋。美国早在80年代就声称世界已进入传感器时代，日本则把传感器技术列为十大技术之首。日本工商界人士声称“支配了传感器技术就能够支配新时代”。世界技术发达国家对开发传感器技术部十分重视。美、日、英、法、德等国都把传感器技术列为国家重点开发关键技术之一。美国国家长期安全和经济繁荣至关重要的22项技术中有6项与传感器信息处理技术直接相关。关于保护美国武器系统质量优势至关重要的对项关键技术之中，8项就为无源传感器。美国空军2000年举出15项有助于提高21世纪空军能力关键技术，传感器技术名列第二。日本对开发和利用传感器技术相当重视并列为国家重点发展6大核心技术之一。日本科学技术厅制定的90年代重点科研项目中有70个重点课题，其中有18项是与传感器技术密切相关。美国早在80年代初就成立了国家技术小组（BGT），帮助政府组织和领导各大公司与国家企事业部门的传感器技术开发工作。传感器技术是一项当今世界令人瞩目的迅猛发展起来的高新技术之一，也是当代科学技术发展的一个重要标志，它与通信技术、计算机技术构成信息产业的三大支柱。如果说计算机是人类大脑的扩展,那么传感器就是人类五官的延伸，当集成电路、计算机技术飞速发展时，人们才逐步认识信息摄取装置传感器没有跟上信息技术的发展而惊呼“大脑发达、五官不灵“。 传感器技术是测量技术、半导体技术、计算机技术、信息处理技术、微电子学、光学、声学、精密机械、仿生学、材料科学等众多学科相互交叉的综合性高新技术密集型前沿技术之一。 传感器已广泛应用于航天、航空、国防科研、信息产业、机械、电力、能源、交通、冶金、石油、建筑、邮电、生物、医学、环保、材料、灾害预测预防、农林、渔业生产、食品、烟酒制造、机器人、家电等诸多领域,可以说几乎渗透到每个领域。一、传感器的发展历史 国外发展传感器枝术有两条不同途径,一条是以美国为代表的走先军工后民用、先提高后普及的路子。另一条是以日本为代表的侧重实用化和商品化,先普及后提高,由引进、消化、仿制到自行改进设计创新的路子。前者花钱多,后者花钱少,更快些。 据国内专家评估,我国传感器技术与国外先进国家相比,在科研开发上要落后10年,则在生产技术上要落后15年。 国外传感器技术发展较快,主要有以下几方面原因 1非常重视传感器功能材料研究： 历来,我们都是根据各种功能材料来制作种种传感器,这往往限制了传感器性能进一步提高。2对传感器技术开发十分重视：例如美国霍尼威尔公司的固态传感器发展中心每年用于设备投资就有5000万美元,目前拥有包括计算机辅助设计、单晶生长、加工、图形发生器,对步重复照像、自动涂胶和光刻、等离子刻蚀、溅射、扩散、外延、蒸镀、离子注入化学气相沉积、扫描电镜、封装和屏蔽动态测试等最先进的成套设备和生产线,而且是大约每三年左右就要更新其中大部分仪器设备,声称只有这样,才能保证其技术领先水平。 3重视工艺研究： 传感器原理不难,也不保密,而最保密的是工艺。在国外,有不少评价“传感器”不是一般的工业产品,而是一种完美的工艺品之佳作。 1995年同济大学任总教授发表了“中国特色的化学传感器-敏感针”，这种针与中国传统针灸所用针的外形相同,但却具有能探测人体穴位温度、PH值、PO2值和新阵代谢等四种功能,均用仪器显示读数,已应用于生物医学的研究和临床。这种敏感针是如何制作的,工艺属于保密,可申请专利保护。4重视质量管理与市场分析新产品面世,首先从设计理论分析,到各种模型试验、样机性能考验以至失败原因分析等都提出相应技术分析报击。首先在设计阶段就组织质量、软件试验,产品设计工程技术人员共同对影响产品设计的可靠性、可测性和可检性进行研讨,从而形成保证新产品质量的最佳技术方案和质量验收文件。国外厂商对传感器都要严格按其各项标准进行严格检验。如性能全面检测、寿命试验,失效分析、各种规律性误差测定与补偿,并且把各种数据建库（有生产数据、批次、时间、检验标定数据、实验数据、用户反馈数据等）,体现出一种大公司严格的全面质量管理体系,从而大大增加厂